1. The bark is peeled from the branches and the gum collected and eaten.
2. Poles are used in building ordinary shelter lodges, and particularly for the Midē´wigân.
Juglans nigra, L. Black Walnut. Paga´nŏk—“Nut wood.”
Walnuts are highly prized; the green rind of the unripe fruit is sometimes employed in staining or dyeing.
Smilacina racemosa, Desf. False Spikenard. Kinē´wigwŏshk—“Snake weed or Snake Vine.”
1. Warm decoction of leaves used by lying-in women.
2. The roots are placed upon a red-hot stone, the patient, with a blanket thrown over his head, inhaling the fumes, to relieve headache.
3. Fresh leaves are crushed and applied to cuts to stop bleeding.
Helianthus occidentalis, Riddell. Sunflower. Pŭkite´wŭkbŏkuns´.
The crushed root is applied to bruises and contusions.