[557] W. Airy, op. cit.
[558] Geograph. Journal, XXVII. 1906, p. 409.
[559] Ency. Brit., 10th edition, art. “Compass.” In the 11th edition, the European case is put more strongly.
[560] Nature, XIV. 1876, pp. 147-8. But the account given in the Ency. Brit., loc. cit., should be also read. It is contended that Mediaeval writers were accustomed to speak of a new contrivance as if it were already in common use.
[561] F. H. Butler, in Ency. Brit., art. “Compass.” The name is spelt “Borough” in the Dict. Nat. Biog., where a life of the explorer is given.
[562] Ency. Brit., loc. cit.
[563] Nature, XIII. 1876, pp. 523-4; Ency. Brit., loc. cit. Cf. Prof. Ganot, Physics, tr. E. Atkinson, 12th edition, 1886, p. 631, where the figures are slightly different.
[564] J. Griffith, in Nature, LXXIX. 1908, p. 37.
[565] The references to these churches are very widely scattered, but many examples have been personally tested. See, among other references, Walcott, Church and Conventual Arrangement, pp. 61-2; Handbook of Eng. Ecclesiology (Eccles. Soc.), pp. 40-41; Notes and Queries, 2nd Ser., Vols. X., XI. passim, 5th Ser., IV. p. 354, 7th Ser., I. and VII., 9th Ser., II.; Bygone Hertfordshire, ed. W. Andrews, 1898, p. 154; Rev. A. W. Lawson, Hist. of W. Malling Church, 1904, p. 2, &c.
[566] J. K. Huysmans, La Cathédrale, 13th edition, 1898, p. 158.