Table for Review Fish Frog Turtle Bird Cat Horse Man Names of limbs Acutest sense Digits on fore and hind limb Locomotion Kind of food Care of young
St. Bernard German mastiff Pointer Newfoundland Eskimo English bloodhound Bulldog Shepherd Poodle Greyhound Spitz Dachshund
Fig. 408.—Artificial Selection. Its effects in causing varieties in one species. Which of the dogs is specialized for speed? Driving cattle? Stopping cattle? Trailing by scent? Finding game? Drawing vehicles? Going into holes? House pet? Cold weather? In Mexico there is a hairless dog specialized for hot climates. The widely differing environments under various forms of domestication cause “sports” which breeders are quick to take advantage of when wishing to develop new varieties. Professor De Vries by cultivating American evening primroses in Europe has shown that a sudden change of environment may cause not only varieties but new species to arise.
INDEX Aboral surface, [35] . Acephala, [107] . Adaptation to environment, [148] , [185] , [201] , [205] , [207] . Ambulacral, [36] . Amœba, [10] . Anodon, [98] . Antelope, [215] . Antennæ, [68] , [87] . Ant-eater, giant, [199] ; Ant lion, [91] . Ape, [220] . Aptera, [82] . Apteryx, [174] . Aquarium, [17] . Argonaut, paper, [107] . Armadillo, [200] . Arthropoda, [9] , [125] . Bat, [202] . Batrachia, [126] . Beaver, [204] . Bedbug, [92] , [93] . Bee, bumble, [89] ; Beetle, [90] , [91] . Big-headed turtle, [149] . Bilateral, [34] , [49] , [98] . Bill of bird, [151] . Biology defined, [1] . Birds, [150] . Blood, of insects, [78] . Boll weevil, [95] , [96] . Boll worm, [95] , [96] . Brain, of fish, [118] . Breathing, of bird, [161] ; Bureau of entomology, [95] . Butterfly, [83] . Cabbage butterfly, [84] , [86] , [87] . Camel, [214] . Candle, [5] . Carbon dioxide, [24] . Carp, [112] , [117] , [123] . Cat, [184] . Caterpillar, tent, [84] . Cell, [6] , [7] . Celom, [46] . Cephalopod, [106] . Chelonia, [143] . Chimpanzee, [219] , [221] . Chirping, [66] . Chitin, [77] . Cilia, [14] , [20] , [101] , [103] . Ciliated chamber, [17] . Circulation, in amœba, [12] ; Clam, hardshell, [104] ; Class, [9] . Classification, of animals, [8] , [125] ; Click beetle, [91] . Clitellum, [43] , [47] . Cloaca, [18] . Clothes moth, [84] , [92] , [93] . Cockroach, [71] . Cocoon, [84] . Codling moth, [84] , [86] , [87] , [95] . Cœlenterata, [28] . Coleoptera, [82] . Collecting insects, [72] . Colorado beetle, [90] , [91] . Coloration, warning, [84] , [146] ; Colours of flowers, [85] . Comparative study, [85] , [108] , [122] , [223] ;moth and butterfly, [85] . Copper head, [145] . Coral, [31] . Coralline, [31] . Coral snake, [145] , [146] . Cricket, [71] . Cross-fertilization, [25] . Cuckoo, [179] . Cuttlefish, [107] . Cypræa, [104] . Cysts, [13] . Darwin, [48] , [148] . Devil’s horse, [71] . De Vries, [148] , [224] . Digits, [222] . Diptera, [82] . Division of labour, [27] , [29] . Dog, [224] . Dolphin, [209] . Doodle bug, [91] . Dorsal, [43] . Dove, [179] . Dragon fly, [93] . Duckbill, [196] . Ear, of bird, [151] ; Earthworm, [42] . Echinoderms, [9] , [34] , [125] . Economic importance of birds, [167] ; Ectoderm, [26] , [87] . Ectoplasm, [11] , [14] . Egg, of insect, [81] . Endoderm, [26] , [27] , [37] . Endoplasm, [11] , [14] . Energy, in amœba, [12] ; Environment, [148] . Epidermis, of mussel, [98] . Excretion, [12] . Eye, of bird, [150] ; Family, [8] . Fangs, venomous, [145] . Farmers’ bulletins, [95] . Feather, [155] . Fertilization, cross, [85] . Field study, [10] , [22] , [42] , [71] , [72] , [97] , [127] , [165] , [166] , [167] , [184] . Fins, [110] , [113] . Flagellum, [21] , [27] . Flatworm, [49] . Flea, [92] , [93] . Flight, of bird, [157] , [175] ; Fly, horse, [81] ; Food, of birds, [177] . Food tube, of bird, [163] ; Foraminifera, [15] , [18] . Frog, [128] . Function, [1] . Ganglion, [45] . Gasteropod, [108] . Gastrula, [7] . Genus, [8] . Geographical barriers, [148] . Gila monster, [147] . Gills, of mussel, [100] ; Gnawing mammals, [203] . Gopher, pouched, [204] . Gorilla, [221] . Grantia, [18] . Grasshopper, [70] . Gypsy moth, [95] . Hands, defined, [220] . Heart, insect, [77] . Hemiptera, [82] . Heredity, [147] , [153] . Hessian fly, [95] . Horned toad, [140] . House fly, [92] , [93] . Human species, [220] . Hydra, [22] . Hydranth, [29] . Hydroid, [28] , [29] , [30] . Hymenoptera, [82] . Hypostome, [23] . Ichneumon fly, [89] . Imago, [81] . Infusoria, [16] . Inorganic, [1] . Insecticides, [95] . Insects, [73] , [75] ; Instinct, [80] , [121] . Jacana, Mexican, [178] . Jay, blue, [181] . Jelly fish, [29] , [30] . Kangaroo, [198] . Kidneys, of fish, [117] ; Labial palpi, [68] , [74] , [101] . Labium, [68] , [74] . Labrum, [68] , [74] . Lady bug, [91] . Lamellibranch, [107] . Lark, meadow, [182] ; Larva, [81] . Lasso cell, [34] . Leg, of bird, [152] ; Lemur, [220] . Lepidoptera, [82] , [87] . Louse, [92] , [93] . Lungs, of bird, [165] . Madreporite, [35] . Mammal, [184] ; Manatee, [209] . Mandibles, [68] , [74] . Mantis, praying, [3] . Mantle, [99] . Maxillæ, [68] , [74] . Maxillary palpi, [68] , [74] . May beetle, [90] , [91] . May fly, [83] . Measuring worm, [81] , [84] . Medusa, [31] . Mesoglea, [26] . Metamorphosis of insect, [80] , [81] , [82] . Metazoan, [1] . Migration of birds, [171] , [173] . Mimicry, [146] . Moccasin, [145] . Mole, [201] . Mollusc, [9] , [97] , [125] . Moulting, [69] , [174] . Monkey, [220] . Morula, [7] . Mosquito, [92] , [93] , [96] . Moth, [83] . Mother-of-pearl, [99] . Mussel, [96] , [103] . Nautilus, chambered, [107] . Nectar, [8] . Nephridium, [45] . Nervous system, of bee, [78] ; Nest building, [166] , [182] . Neuroptera, [82] . Nostril, of bird, [151] ; Nucleolus, [6] . Nucleus, [6] , [11] , [14] . Octopus, [106] . Okapi, [214] . Omnivorous, [47] . One-celled animals, [7] . Opossum, [197] . Oral surface, [35] . Orang, [227] . Order, [9] . Organ, [1] . Organism, [1] . Orthoptera, [82] . Osculum, [18] . Ovary, [25] , [37] , [117] . Oviduct, [46] . Oxidation, [3] , [4] , [5] . Oxygen, [4] , [5] . Oyster, [104] . Paramecium, [13] . Parasites, [49] , [93] . Partridge, [178] . Pearls, [105] . Peccary, [217] . Perch, [109] , [110] , [123] . Pests, insect, [93] . Pheasant, [174] . Plastron, [141] . Pollen, [85] . Pollen basket, [88] . Polyp, [9] , [22] , [125] . Portuguese man-o’-war, [28] . Potato bug, [90] . Primates, [220] . Proboscis, of butterfly, [83] , [87] ; Prolegs, [84] , [87] . Protection of birds, [171] . Protective resemblance, [34] , [146] . Protoplasm, [6] , [11] . Protozoa, [7] , [9] , [11] , [125] . Pseudoneuroptera, [82] . Pseudopod, [11] . Quill, [156] . Rabbit, [205] , [223] . Radial symmetry, [34] , [125] . Rattlesnake, [145] . Rectum, [134] . Regeneration of lost parts, [37] . Reproduction, [12] , [15] , [20] , [25] , [37] , [46] , [120] . Reptiles, [139] . Rhizopoda, [16] . Road runner, [169] . Robin, [183] . Rotifer, [49] . Round worm, [49] . Ruminant, [213] . Salamander, [134] , [138] , [139] . Sandworm, [49] . San José scale, [95] . Scab in sheep, [95] . Scales, of bird, [161] ; Scallops, [104] . Scarab, [90] , [91] . Sea anemone, [33] . Sea fan, [32] . Sea horse, [124] . Sea urchin, [38] . Senses of insects, [76] . Setæ, [43] , [48] . Sexual selection, [174] . Shark, [121] . Silkworm, [84] , [86] , [95] . Silver scale, [83] . Siphon, [101] . Siphonoptera, [82] . Skeleton, of bird, [152] ; Skull, mammalian, [194] . Slipper animalcule, [13] . Sloth, [199] . Slug, [105] . Snail, [105] . Soil, [48] . Sparrow, [182] ; Specialization, [20] , [27] , [66] , [210] . Species, [8] . Spermary, [25] , [27] . Spicule, [18] . Spider, [94] . Spiracle, [77] , [87] . Sponges, [17] , [125] ; Sports, [148] , [224] . Squash bug, [93] , [95] . Squid, [106] . Stickleback, [119] . Struggle to live, [147] . Study, comparative, [82] , [149] , [223] . Sun energy, [2] . Sunlight, [2] . Survival of fittest, [147] . Tadpole, [126] , [134] . Tapeworm, [49] . Tarantula, [94] . Teeth, of frog, [130] . Terrapin, [143] , [144] . Toad, [137] . Tortoise, [140] , [143] , [144] . Trap-door spider, [94] . Tube feet, [35] . Tumble bug, [90] , [91] . Turtle, [140] , [143] , [144] . Umbo, [98] . Ungulate, [212] . Vacuole, [11] , [12] , [14] . Vampire, [203] . Variation, [147] . Variety, [8] . Venomous snakes, [143] . Vent, [42] . Ventral, [43] . Vermes, [9] , [125] . Vertebrates, [9] , [125] . Vertebrate skeletons, [218] . Viscera, of bird, [163] . Warning sound, [147] . Wasps, digging, [89] . Weevil, [90] , [91] , [96] . Whale, [208] . Wings, of grasshopper, [67] ; Woodpecker, [180] . Worms, [42] . Zoology defined, [1] . Zoophytes, [33] . TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES
Page Changed from Changed to [61] Have you seen crayfish with one claw smaller than the Have you seen crayfish with one claw smaller than the other?
Typos fixed; non-standard spelling and dialect retained. 