[34] The back of the tongue may also be raised to some extent; how does this explain the substitution of [w] for [r] which is sometimes heard?
[35] The rule may also be stated thus: r is only heard when a vowel follows in the same or the next word. "Vowel" must here be taken to include [j].
[36] The term "dark" here implies a deep and obscure resonance, with little friction.
[37] Contrast the [l] of will and willing (where its position between front vowels leads to forward formation).
[38] Some pronounce this word [sælv].
[39] Some pronounce this word [fɔlkən].
[40] These are modifications of the Scotch form of the word.
[41] [h] is described as voiceless; but it may also be produced with voice. We have seen that the vocal chords consist of a fleshy and a cartilaginous part: it is possible to let the former vibrate, while the latter is left open, and the breath passing through produces [h]. Try to utter this sound.
[42] The "neutral" vowel [ə], for which see § 38, requires less effort.
[43] Notice the faulty tendency to raise the tongue too high in uttering the first part of this diphthong; see § 40.