Several collectors have lent pictures, and their kind aid is acknowledged in the table of illustrations.
W. S. S.
November 11th, 1914.
CONTENTS
| CHAPTER THE FIRST | |
| PAGE | |
| ON THE STUDY OF BRIDGES AND ROADS | [1] |
| [Section I.] General Views, from p. 3 to p. 13. [Section II.] Strife andHistoric Bridges, from p. 14 to p. 52. [Section III.] Custom and Convention,from p. 53 to p. 84. [Section IV.] Controversies, from p. 85 to p. 106. | |
| CHAPTER THE SECOND | |
| MAN AS THE MIMIC OF NATURE | [107] |
| [Section I.] Preliminary Considerations, from p. 109 to p. 112. [Section II.]Among the Heralds of Man, from p. 113 to p. 124. [Section III.] TheSlab-Bridge with Stone Piers, from p. 125 to p. 128. [Section IV.] Tree-Bridgeswith Stone Piers, from p. 129 to p. 132. [Section V.] Tree-Bridgeswith Timber Piles, from p. 133 to p. 135. [Section VI.] SomeTypical Timber Bridges, from p. 136 to p. 143. [Section VII.] PrimitiveSuspension Bridges, from p. 144 to p. 149. [Section VIII.] NaturalArches—their Significance and their Influence, from p. 150 to p. 164. | |
| CHAPTER THE THIRD | |
| A FEW WORDS ON THE ROMAN GENIUS | [165] |
| CHAPTER THE FOURTH | |
| OLD BRIDGES, EUROPEAN, PERSIAN AND CHINESE | [205] |
| CHAPTER THE FIFTH | |
| ON THE EVOLUTION OF UNFORTIFIED BRIDGES | [329] |
| APPENDIX I | |
| CHINESE GABLED BRIDGES | [365] |
| APPENDIX II | |
| STEEP ROMAN BRIDGES | [367] |
INDEX AND GLOSSARY | [369] |
LIST OF COLOUR PLATES
| [Frontispiece.] Pont St. Bénézet over the Rhône at Avignon.Built between the years 1177 and 1185. National Gallery ofAustralia. | |
| TO FACE PAGE | |
| Railway Bridge at Albi in France | [8] |
| Pont Valentré at Cahors in France: the Fortified Gatesand Towers. Thirteenth Century. See also the [second picture]of this Bastille Bridge | [16] |
| The Alcántara at Toledo. Mainly the work of ArchbishopTenorio, A.D. 1380; fortified by Andres Manrique, A.D. 1484.Collection of Miss E. C. Rossignol | [32] |
| War-Bridge of the Middle Ages at Parthenay in France | [36] |
| Cannon Street Railway Bridge, London. Collection of theFine Art Society | [48] |
| Old London Bridge. Begun by Peter Colechurch in 1176, andfinished by a Frenchman, called Isembert, in the year 1209 | [52] |
| Old Bridge over the Clain near Poitiers | [56] |
| At Albi on the Tarn in France. Showing on our right theOld Houses, and beyond the Bridge, on our left, the great OldChurch, famous for its fortifications | [72] |
| Tower Bridge, London. Collection of John Lane, Esq. | [80] |
| Famous Bridge at Espalion in France. Said to date from theEighth Century | [88] |
| Pont du Tarn at Albi in France. Said to date from about theyears 1035-40 | [92] |
| Pont de Vernay at Airvault, Deux-Sèvres. Famous bridgewith ribbed arches, French Romanesque Period, Twelfth Century | [96] |
| Old Bridge over the Aude at Carcassonne in France.Twelfth Century | [104] |
| Gothic Bridge at Villeneuve-sur-Lot, France | [120] |
| Ponte della Paglia at Venice. Renaissance. Collection ofR. Workman, Esq. | [152] |
| Roman Aqueduct at Segovia in Spain | [184] |
| Huge Defensive Bridge at Córdova in Spain. OriginallyRoman, but remodelled by the Moors in the Ninth Century.Recently so much repaired that it looks almost new | [188] |
| Old Bridge with Houses at Kreuznach on the Nahe,Prussia | [208] |
| The Rialto in Venice. Designed in 1588 by Antonio da Ponte.Collection of the Fine Art Society | [212] |
| New London Bridge. Designed by George Rennie, and carriedout by his brother, Sir John Rennie. Opened to the public in1831. Collection of Charles Holme, Esq. | [220] |
| Three-Arched Bridge at Venice, over the Canal ofSt. Giobbe. Brick and stone. Renaissance. Collection ofJ. Heaton, Esq. | [224] |
| Gothic Bridge at Barnard Castle, Yorkshire | [232] |
| Gothic Bridge with Shrines at Elche in Spain | [236] |
| Old Bridge at Espaly, near Le Puy, in France | [240] |
| Pont des Consuls over the Tarn at Montauban in France.Fourteenth Century | [256] |
| Pont Valentré at Cahors-sur-Lot. Thirteenth Century. Seealso the [other picture] of this Bastille Bridge | [264] |
| The Alcántara at Toledo. Showing the Moorish Gateway atthe Town end of the Bridge. See also the other picture | [284] |
| Spanish War-Bridge—the Bridge of St. Martin at Toledo.Its history seems to date from 1212, but in the fourteenth centuryit was rebuilt by Archbishop Tenorio | [288] |
| Ponte Nomentano over the Anio; a Mediæval War-Bridgein the Campagna | [296] |
| Laroque on the River Lot, near Cahors. A sort of inlandGibraltar; a part of the village is built on bridges thrown acrosschasms in the rocks | [300] |
| Pont Neuf at Paris. Built in 1604, but much altered since theRenaissance | [320] |
| The Tower Bridge, London. Albertina Collection, Vienna. Seealso the other drawing | [328] |
| Pont Henri IV over the Vienne at Châtellerault in France.Built by Charles Androuet du Cerceau, 1564-1609 | [332] |
| Pont de Tours, France. Famous Bridge of the EighteenthCentury | [344] |
| On the Tarn at Millau in Southern France. Representingthe broken end of an old bridge with a mill built on it; behind isan arch of the new bridge | [352] |
LIST OF BLACK AND WHITE ILLUSTRATIONS
| PAGE | |
| Historic Vitry-le-François, on the Marne | [v] |
| Bridge of Boats at Cologne | [1] |
| Broken War-Bridge of the XIII Century, at Narni in Italy | [14] |
| War-Bridge of the XIV Century at Orthez in France | [18] |
| Ruins of the great Roman Bridge over the Nera atNarni, Italy | [24] |
| Puente de San Juan de las Abadesas at Gerona in Spain | [29] |
| The Old War-Bridge of Stirling | [45] |
| Pont Sidi Rached at Constantine in Algeria: 1908-1912 | [53] |
| In the Valley of Wycollar, Lancashire: the Weavers’Bridge | [63] |
| Pont du Diable, St. Gotthard Pass | [67] |
| Old Town Bridge in Perugia, Italy | [85] |
| At Zutphen in Holland | [107] |
| In Kashmír: Primitive Bridge with Triangular Arches | [161] |
| Bridge at Waltham Abbey attributed to Harold | [163] |
| Smyrna: Roman Bridge and Aqueduct | [165] |
| The Pont du Gard from above the First Tier | [172] |
| Ruins of a Roman Bridge over the Loire at Brives-Charensac | [180] |
| The Bridge at Zaragoza, partly Roman | [187] |
| Ponte Rotto at Rome, anciently the Pons Palatinus orSenatorius | [192] |
| Ponte Maggiore over a Ravine of the Tronto at Ascoli-Picenoin Italy: built in the Middle Ages, but Romanin Style | [200] |
| The Pul-i-Kaisar at Shushter in Persia | [203] |
| Durham | [205] |
| The Pul-i-Khaju over the Zendeh Rud at Isfahan inPersia | [213] |
| Staircase Bridge in China | [248] |
| Bridge over the Main at Würzburg in Bavaria (1474-1607) | [259] |
| Bridge of Ali Verdi Khan over the Zendeh Rud atIsfahan | [269] |
| Primitive Timber Bridge in Bhutan, India | [273] |
| Defensive Bridge at Sospel | [276] |
| Broken War-Bridge at Narni in Italy | [277] |
| War-Bridge over the Gav-de-Pau at Orthez in France | [279] |
| War-Bridge at Monmouth | [281] |
| The Rabot at Ghent: a Fortified Lock | [289] |
| Todentanzbrucke at Lucerne in Switzerland | [292] |
| Pont Saint-Esprit | [293] |
| Canal Bridge in Venice | [329] |
| Rain | [363] |