A Grammar and Dictionary of the Malay Language, 2 vols. London, 1852.
A Descriptive Dictionary of the Indian Islands and Adjacent Countries. London, 1856.
Denys, N. B. A Descriptive Dictionary of British Malaya. London, 1894.
Frazer, J. G. [The Golden Bough], 2 vols. London, 1890.
Hughes, Thomas P. A Dictionary of Islam, 2nd ed. London, 1896.
Journal of the Indian Archipelago, 12 vols. Singapore, 1847–1862.
[Abbreviated reference, J.I.A.]
Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 32 Nos. Singapore, 1878–1899.
[Abbreviated reference, J.R.A.S., S.B.]
Klinkert, H. C. Nieuw Maleisch-Nederlandsch Woordenboek. Leiden, 1893.