CLASS MAMMALIA—mammals

Order MARSUPALIA—marsupials
Family Didelphiidae—opossums
Genus Didelphis Linnaeus—opossums
[Didelphis virginiana virginiana Kerr] opossum
Order INSECTIVORA—insectivores
Family Talpidae—moles
Genus Neurotrichus Gunther—shrew-mole
[Neurotrichus gibbsii gibbsii] ([Baird])}[Gibbs] shrew-mole
[Neurotrichus gibbsii minor] [Dalquest] and [Burgner]}
Genus Scapanus Pomel—western American moles
[Scapanus townsendii (Bachman)] Townsend mole
[Scapanus orarius orarius True]}coast mole
[Scapanus orarius yakimensis] [Dalquest] and [Scheffer]}
[Scapanus orarius schefferi] [Jackson]}
Family Soricidae—shrews
Genus Sorex Linnaeus—long-tailed shrews
[Sorex cinereus cinereus Kerr]}cinereous shrew
[Sorex cinereus streatori] [Merriam]}
[Sorex merriami merriami Dobson] [Merriam] shrew
[Sorex trowbridgii trowbridgii] [Baird]}Trowbridge shrew
[Sorex trowbridgii destructioni] [Scheffer] and [Dalquest]}
[Sorex vagrans vagrans] [Baird]}wandering shrew
[Sorex vagrans monticola] [Merriam]}
[Sorex obscurus obscurus] [Merriam]}dusky shrew
[Sorex obscurus setosus] [Elliot]}
[Sorex palustris navigator] ([Baird]) mountain water-shrew
[Sorex bendirii bendirii] ([Merriam])}Bendire water-shrew
[Sorex bendirii albiventer] [Merriam]}
Genus Microsorex Coues—pigmy shrew
[Microsorex hoyi washingtoni] [Jackson] pigmy shrew
Order CHIROPTERA—bats
Family Vespertilionidae—vespertilionid bats
Genus Myotis Kaup—mouse-eared bats
[Myotis lucifugus carissima Thomas]}big myotis
[Myotis lucifugus alascensis] [Miller]}
[Myotis yumanensis sociabilis] H. W. [Grinnell]}Yuma myotis
[Myotis yumanensis saturatus] [Miller]}
[Myotis keenii keenii] ([Merriam]) Keen myotis
[Myotis evotis evotis] (H. [Allen])}long-eared myotis
[Myotis evotis pacificus] [Dalquest]}
[Myotis thysanodes thysanodes] [Miller] fringe-tailed myotis
[Myotis volans longicrus (True)]}hairy-winged myotis
[Myotis volans interior] [Miller]}
[Myotis californicus caurinus] [Miller]}
California myotis
[Myotis californicus californicus (Audubon and Bachman)]}
[Myotis subulatus melanorhinus] ([Merriam]) small-footed myotis
Genus Lasionycteris Peters—silver-haired bat
[Lasionycteris noctivagans (Le Conte)]}silver-haired bat
Genus Corynorhinus H. [Allen]—long-eared bats
[Corynorhinus rafinesquii townsendii (Cooper)]}long-eared bat
[Corynorhinus rafinesquii intermedius] H. W. [Grinnell]}
Genus Pipistrellus Kaup—pipistrelles
[Pipistrellus hesperus hesperus] (H. [Allen]) western pipistrelle
Genus Eptesicus Rafinesque—serotine bats
[Eptesicus fuscus bernardinus] [Rhoads] big brown bat
Genus Lasiurus [Gray]—hairy-tailed bats
[Lasiurus cinereus cinereus (Beauvois)] hoary bat
Genus Antrozous H. [Allen]—nyctophiline bats
[Antrozous pallidus cantwelli] [Bailey] pallid bat
Order CARNIVORA
Family Ursidae—bears
Genus Ursus Linnaeus—bears
[Ursus americanus altifrontalis] [Elliot]}
black bear
[Ursus americanus cinnamomum (Audubon and Bachman)]}
[Ursus chelan] [Merriam] grizzly bear
Family Procyonidae—raccoons and allies
Genus Procyon Storr—raccoons
[Procyon lotor psora] [Gray]}raccoon
[Procyon lotor excelsus] [Nelson] and [Goldman]}
Family Mustelidae—weasels and allies
Genus Martes Pinel—martens and fisher
[Martes caurina caurina] ([Merriam])}western marten
[Martes caurina origenes] ([Rhoads])}
[Martes pennanti (Erxleben)] fisher
Genus Mustela Linnaeus—weasels, ferrets and minks
[Mustela erminea invicta] [Hall]}ermine
[Mustela erminea fallenda] [Hall]}
[Mustela erminea olympica] [Hall]}
[Mustela erminea streatori] ([Merriam])}
[Mustela erminea gulosa] [Hall]}
[Mustela erminea murica (Bangs)]}
[Mustela frenata washingtoni] ([Merriam])}long-tailed weasel
[Mustela frenata altifrontalis] [Hall]}
[Mustela frenata effera] [Hall]}
[Mustela frenata nevadensis] [Hall]}
[Mustela vison energumenos (Bangs)] mink
Genus Gulo Pallas—wolverines
[Gulo luscus luteus] [Elliot] wolverine
Genus Lutra Brisson—river otters
[Lutra canadensis pacifica] [Rhoads]}river otter
[Lutra canadensis vancouverensis] [Goldman]}
Genus Enhydra Fleming—sea otter
[Enhydra lutris nereis] ([Merriam]) sea otter
Genus Spilogale [Gray]—civet cats or spotted skunks
[Spilogale gracilis saxatilis] [Merriam]}civet cat or spotted skunks
[Spilogale gracilis latifrons] [Merriam]}
Genus Mephitis Geoffroy and Cuvier—striped skunks
[Mephitis mephitis hudsonica Richardson]}striped skunk
[Mephitis mephitis major] ([Howell])}
[Mephitis mephitis notata] ([Howell])}
[Mephitis mephitis spissigrada Bangs]}
Genus Taxidea Waterhouse—American badger
[Taxidea taxus taxus (Schreber)] badger
Family Canidae—foxes, coyote, wolves and dogs
Genus Vulpes Oken—foxes
[Vulpes fulva cascadensis] [Merriam] red fox
Genus Canis Linnaeus—coyote, wolves and dogs
[Canis latrans testes] [Merriam]}coyote
[Canis latrans incolatus] [Hall]}
[Canis lupus fuscus Richardson] wolf
[Canis familiaris Linnaeus] dog
Family Felidae—cats
Genus Felis Linnaeus—true cats
[Felis concolor oregonensis Rafinesque]}cougar or mountain lion
[Felis concolor missoulensis] [Goldman]}
Genus Lynx Kerr—lynxes and bobcats
[Lynx canadensis canadensis Kerr] Canadian lynx
[Lynx rufus fasciatus Rafinesque]}bobcat
[Lynx rufus pallescens] [Merriam]}
Order PINNIPEDIA—seals and walruses
Family Otariidae—eared seals
Genus Zalophus Gill—Californian sea lions
[Zaluphus californianus (Lesson)] California sea lion
Genus Eumetopias Gill—Steller sea lion
[Eumetopias jubata (Schreber)] Steller sea lion
Genus Callorhinus [Gray]—Alaska fur seal
[Callorhinus ursinus cynocephalus (Walbaum)] Alaska fur seal
Family Phocidae—hair seals
Genus Phoca Linnaeus—hair seals
[Phoca vitulina richardii] ([Gray]) hair seal
Order RODENTIA—rodents
Family Sciuridae—squirrels and allies
Genus Tamias Illiger—chipmunks
[Tamias minimus scrutator] ([Hall] and Hatfield)}least chipmunk
[Tamias minimus grisescens] ([Howell])}
[Tamias amoenus caurinus] ([Merriam])}yellow-pine chipmunk
[Tamias amoenus felix] [Rhoads]}
[Tamias amoenus ludibundus (Hollister)]}
[Tamias amoenus affinis] [Allen]}
[Tamias amoenus canicaudus] ([Merriam])}
[Tamias amoenus luteiventris] [Allen]}
[Tamias ruficaudus simulans] ([Howell]) red-tailed chipmunk
[Tamias townsendii townsendii Bachman]}Townsend chipmunk
[Tamias townsendii cooperi] [Baird]}
Genus Marmota Blumenbach—marmots
[Marmota monax petrensis] [Howell] woodchuck
[Marmota flaviventris avara (Bangs)] yellow-bellied marmot
[Marmota caligata cascadensis] [Howell] hoary marmot
[Marmota olympus] ([Merriam]) Olympic marmot
Genus Citellus Oken—ground squirrels
[Citellus townsendii townsendii (Bachman)] Townsend ground squirrel
[Citellus washingtoni] [Howell] Washington ground squirrel
[Citellus columbianus columbianus (Ord)]}Columbian ground squirrel
[Citellus columbianus ruficaudus] [Howell]}
[Citellus beecheyi douglasii (Richardson)]}Beechey ground squirrel
[Citellus lateralis tescorum (Hollister)]}golden-mantled ground squirrel
[Citellus lateralis connectens] ([Howell])}
[Citellus saturatus] ([Rhoads])}
Genus Sciurus Linnaeus—tree squirrels
[Sciurus griseus griseus Ord] western gray squirrel
[Sciurus carolinensis hypophaeus] [Merriam] eastern gray squirrel
[Sciurus niger Linnaeus, subsp.?] fox squirrel
Genus Tamiasciurus Trouessart—red squirrels
[Tamiasciurus hudsonicus streatori] ([Allen])}red squirrel
[Tamiasciurus hudsonicus richardsoni (Bachman)]}
[Tamiasciurus douglasii douglasii (Bachman)] Douglas squirrel
Genus Glaucomys Thomas—American flying squirrels
[Glaucomys sabrinus oregonensis (Bachman)]}northern flying squirrel
[Glaucomys sabrinus bangsi] ([Rhoads])}
[Glaucomys sabrinus columbiensis] [Howell]}
[Glaucomys sabrinus latipes] [Howell]}
[Glaucomys sabrinus fuliginosus] ([Rhoads])}
Family Heteromyidae—pocket mice, kangaroo mice and kangaroo rats
Genus Perognathus Weid—pocket mice
[Perognathus parvus parvus (Peale)]}great basin pocket mouse
[Perognathus parvus lordi] ([Gray])}
[Perognathus parvus columbianus] [Merriam]}
Genus Dipodomys [Gray]—kangaroo rats
[Dipodomys ordii columbianus] ([Merriam]) Ord kangaroo rat
Family Geomyidae—pocket gophers
Genus Thomomys Weid—smooth-toothed pocket gophers
[Thomomys talpoides devexus] [Hall] and [Dalquest]}northern pocket gopher
[Thomomys talpoides columbianus] [Bailey]}
[Thomomys talpoides aequalidens] [Dalquest]}
[Thomomys talpoides wallowa] [Hall] and [Orr]}
[Thomomys talpoides fuscus] [Merriam]}
[Thomomys talpoides yakimensis] [Hall] and [Dalquest]}
[Thomomys talpoides shawi] [Taylor]}
[Thomomys talpoides immunis] [Hall] and [Dalquest]}
[Thomomys talpoides limosus] [Merriam]}
[Thomomys talpoides douglasii (Richardson)]}
[Thomomys talpoides glacialis] [Dalquest] and [Scheffer]}
[Thomomys talpoides tacomensis] [Taylor]}
[Thomomys talpoides pugetensis] [Dalquest] and [Scheffer]}
[Thomomys talpoides tumuli] [Dalquest] and [Scheffer]}
[Thomomys talpoides yelmensis] [Merriam]}
[Thomomys talpoides couchi] [Goldman]}
[Thomomys talpoides melanops] [Merriam]}
Family Castoridae—beavers
Genus Castor Linnaeus—beavers
[Castor canadensis leucodonta] [Gray]}beaver
[Castor canadensis idoneus] Jewett and [Hall]}
Family Muridae—rats and mice
Genus Onychomys [Baird]—grasshopper mice
[Onychomys leucogaster fuscogriseus Anthony] northern grasshopper mouse
Genus Reithrodontomys Giglioli—American harvest mice
[Reithrodontomys megalotis megalotis] ([Baird]) western harvest mouse
Genus Peromyscus Gloger—white-footed mice
[Peromyscus maniculatus oreas Bangs]}deer mouse
[Peromyscus maniculatus hollisteri] [Osgood]}
[Peromyscus maniculatus austerus] ([Baird])}
[Peromyscus maniculatus rubidus] [Osgood]}
[Peromyscus maniculatus gambelii] ([Baird])}
[Peromyscus maniculatus artemisiae] ([Rhoads])}
Genus Neotoma Say and Ord—wood rats
[Neotoma cinerea occidentalis] [Baird]}bushy-tailed wood rat
[Neotoma cinerea alticola Hooper]}
Genus Synaptomys [Baird]—lemming mice
[Synaptomys borealis wrangeli] [Merriam] northern lemming mouse
Genus Phenacomys [Merriam]—heather voles and tree mice
[Phenacomys intermedius intermedius] [Merriam]}heather vole
[Phenacomys intermedius oramontis] [Rhoads]}
Genus Clethrionomys Tilesius—red-backed mice
[Clethrionomys gapperi saturatus] ([Rhoads])}Gapper red-backed mouse
[Clethrionomys gapperi idahoensis] ([Merriam])}
[Clethrionomys gapperi cascadensis] [Booth]}
[Clethrionomys gapperi nivarius] ([Bailey])}
[Clethrionomys californicus occidentalis] ([Merriam]) California red-backed mouse
Genus Microtus Schrank—meadow mice
[Microtus pennsylvanicus funebris] [Dale]}Pennsylvania meadow mouse
[Microtus pennsylvanicus kincaidi] [Dalquest]}
[Microtus montanus nanus] ([Merriam])}montane meadow mouse
[Microtus montanus canescens] [Bailey]}
[Microtus townsendii townsendii (Bachman)]}Townsend meadow mouse
[Microtus townsendii pugeti] [Dalquest]}
[Microtus longicaudus halli] [Ellerman]}long-tailed meadow mouse
[Microtus longicaudus macrurus] [Merriam]}
[Microtus richardsoni arvicoloides] ([Rhoads])}water rat
[Microtus richardsoni macropus] ([Merriam])}
[Microtus oregoni oregoni (Bachman)] creeping mouse
Genus Lagurus Gloger—short-tailed voles
[Lagurus curtatus pauperrimus (Cooper)] sagebrush vole
Genus Ondatra Link—muskrat
[Ondatra zibethicus osoyoosensis (Lord)]}muskrat
[Ondatra zibethicus occipitalis] ([Elliot])}
Genus Rattus Fischer—Old World rats
[Rattus rattus rattus (Linnaeus)]}roof rat
[Rattus rattus alexandrinus (Geoffroy)]}
[Rattus norvegicus norvegicus (Erxleben)] Norway rat
Genus Mus Linnaeus—house mice
[Mus musculus Linnaeus, subsp.?] house mouse
Family Aplontidae—mountain beaver
Genus Aplodontia Richardson—mountain beaver
[Aplodontia rufa rufa (Rafinesque)]}mountain beaver
[Aplodontia rufa rainieri] [Merriam]}
Family Dipodidae—jumping mice and allies
Genus Zapus Coues—jumping mice
[Zapus princeps trinotatus] [Rhoads]}big jumping mouse
[Zapus princeps kootenayensis] [Anderson]}
[Zapus princeps idahoensis] [Davis]}
[Zapus princeps oregonus Preble]}
Family Erethizontidae—American porcupines
Genus Erethizon Cuvier—North American porcupine
[Erethizon dorsatum epixanthum Brandt]}porcupine
[Erethizon dorsatum nigrescens] [Allen]}
Family Chinchillidae [Bennett]—chinchillas and allies
Genus Myocastor Kerr—nutria
[Myocastor coypus (Molina), subsp.?] nutria
Order LAGOMORPHA—pikas, hares and rabbits
Family Ochotonidae—pikas
Genus Ochotona Link—pikas
[Ochotona princeps cuppes Bangs]}pika
[Ochotona princeps fenisex] [Osgood]}
[Ochotona princeps brunnescens] [Howell]}
Family Leporidae—hares and rabbits
Genus Lepus Linnaeus—hares
[Lepus townsendii townsendii Bachman] white-tailed jack rabbit
[Lepus americanus washingtonii] [Baird]}snowshoe rabbit
[Lepus americanus cascadensis] [Nelson]}
[Lepus americanus pineus] [Dalquest]}
[Lepus americanus columbiensis] [Rhoads]}
[Lepus californicus deserticola Mearns] black-tailed jack rabbit
Genus Sylvilagus [Gray]—cottontails and allies
[Sylvilagus nuttallii nuttallii (Bachman)] Nuttall cottontail
[Sylvilagus floridanus] ([Allen]), subsp.? Florida cottontail
[Sylvilagus idahoensis] ([Merriam]) pigmy rabbit
Order ARTIODACTYLA—even-toed ungulates
Family Cervidae—deer and allies
Genus Cervus Linnaeus—American elk or wapiti
[Cervus canadensis roosevelti] [Merriam]}elk or wapiti
[Cervus canadensis nelsoni] [Bailey]}
Genus Odocoileus Rafinesque—northern deer
[Odocoileus virginianus ochrourus] [Bailey]}white-tailed deer
[Odocoileus virginianus leucurus (Douglas)]}
[Odocoileus hemionus hemionus (Rafinesque)]}mule deer or black-tailed deer
[Odocoileus hemionus columbianus (Richardson)]}
Genus Alce [Gray]—Moose and Old-World elk
[Alce americana shirasi] [Nelson]}moose
Genus Rangifer Hamilton-Smith—reindeer and caribou
[Rangifer arcticus montanus Seton-Thompson]}caribou
Family Bovidae—cattle, sheep, goats and allies
Genus Bison Hamilton-Smith—bison
[Bison bison oregonus] [Bailey] bison
Genus Ovis Linnaeus—sheep
[Ovis canadensis canadensis] [Shaw]}mountain sheep
[Ovis canadensis californiana Douglas]}
Genus Oreamnos Rafinesque—mountain goat
[Oreamnos americanus americanus (Blainville)]}mountain goat
[Oreamnos americanus missoulae] [Allen]}
Order CETACEA—whales and porpoises
Family Ziphiidae—beaked whales
Genus Berardius Duvernoy—beaked whales
[Berardius bairdii Stejneger] [Baird] beaked whale
Genus Mesoplodon Gervais—beaked whales
[Mesoplodon stejnegeri True] Stejneger beaked whale
Family Delphinidae—porpoises
Genus Delphinus Linnaeus—dolphins
[Delphinus bairdii Dall] [Baird] porpoise
Genus Lissodelphis Gloger—right-whale porpoises
[Lissodelphis borealis (Peale)] northern right-whale porpoise
Genus Lagenorhynchus [Gray]—striped porpoises
[Lagenorhynchus obliquidens Gill] striped porpoise
Genus Grampus [Gray]—killer whales
[Grampus rectipinna (Cope)] Pacific killer
Genus Grampidelphis Iredale and Troughton
[Grampidelphis griseus (Cuvier)] grampus
Genus Globicelphalus [Hamilton]—blackfishes
[Globicephalus scammonii (Cope)] blackfish
Genus Phocoena Cuvier—harbor porpoises
[Phocoena vomerina (Gill)] harbor porpoise
Genus Phocoenoides Andrews—Dall porpoises
[Phocoenoides dalli (True)] Dall porpoise
Family Physeteridae—sperm whales
Genus Physeter Linnaeus—sperm whale
[Physeter catodon Linnaeus] sperm whale
Family Kogiidae—pigmy sperm whale
Genus Kogia [Gray]—pigmy sperm whale
[Kogia breviceps (Blainville)] pigmy sperm whale
Family Rhachianectidae—gray whale
Genus Rhachianectes Cope—gray whale
[Rhachianectes glaucus (Cope)] gray whale
Family Balaenopteridae—finback whales
Genus Balaenoptera Lacépède—finback whales
[Balaenoptera physalus (Linnaeus)] finback whale
[Balaenoptera borealis Lesson] Pollack whale
[Balaenoptera acutorostrata Lacépède] pike whale
Genus Sibbaldus [Gray]—blue whale
[Sibbaldus musculus (Linnaeus)] blue whale
Genus Megaptera [Gray]—humpbacked whales
[Megaptera novaeangliae (Borowski)] humpback whale
Family Balaenidae—baleen whales
Genus Eubalaena [Gray]—baleen whales
[Eubalaena sieboldii] ([Gray]) Pacific right whale

ACCOUNTS OF SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES

Didelphis virginiana virginiana Kerr
Opossum

Didelphis virginiana Kerr. Anim. Kingd., p. 193, 1792.

Type locality.—Virginia

Description.—Slightly smaller than a house cat; body in older animals heavy and fat; tail long, naked, scaled and prehensile. Ears large, naked and black with white tips; muzzle elongate and pointed; color of fur variable; overhair usually white and underfur white tipped with black; guard hairs long and coarse but underfur soft and dense; forefoot with opposable thumb; females with abdominal pouch.

Remarks.—The opossum has been introduced from the eastern United States into California and Oregon and has become well established in those states. Recent records from Clear Lake, Skagit County, and South Bend, Pacific County, indicate that the opossum is now resident in Washington and it may be expected to increase and spread ([Scheffer], 1943). The animals may also enter the area about Walla Walla from Oregon. The source of the opossums which have appeared in Washington is not yet known.