The Barren Ground of Northern Canada

by Warburton Pike

APPENDIX II

I have to thank the authorities at Kew for the following list of a small collection of flowering plants that I found growing in the Barren Ground, chiefly in the neighbourhood of the head-waters of the Great Fish River.

Draba nivalis, Liljebl.?
Oxytropis campestris, L. (yellow and purple varieties).
Potentilla nivea, L.
Dryas integrifolia, L.
Saxifraga tricuspidata, Retz.
Epilobium latifolium, L.
Arnica angustifolia, Vahl.
Taraxacum palustre, DC.
Vaccinium uliginosum, L.
Cassiope tetragona, L.
Andromeda polifolia, L.
Phyllodoce taxifolia, Salisb. (Menziesia cærulea, Wahl.).
Ledum palustre, L.
Loiseleuria procumbens, Desv.
Rhododendron lapponicum, L.
Kalmia glauca, L.
Diapensia lapponica, L.
Pedicularis hirsuta, L.
Pedicularis lapponica, L.

---

INDEX

Alaska, Southern, [231].
Alberta, its prairies remembered, [196];
an election of its representative, [298].
America, the Eastern States of, [256].
Anderson, Mr., his route referred to, [vi], [36], [63], [151], [152], [171], [185], [196], [215].
Arnavatn, in Iceland, [42].
Arctic exploration, its records, [47].
Arctic flowers, [187].
Arctic fox, shot at, [40].
Arctic hare, described, [68].
Arctic Ocean or Sea, [v], [4], [12], [20], [63], [64], [65], [178], [205], [214], [265];
the best route to, [221].
Arctic regions, no extraordinary thickness of clothes required in them, [104].
Arrowsmith's map, compared with that issued by the Dominion Government, [216].
Artillery Lake, [220], [221], [224].
Athabasca district, [63], [235];
its limits, [12].
Athabasca Lake, [15], [16], [68], [231], [235];
reached by Mr. Pike, [13];
its produce, [13], [14].
Athabasca River, [v], [2], [3], [4], [6], [7], [11], [17], [36], [231], [293];
the landing, [4], [297].
Aylmer Lake, or the Lake of the Big Cliffs, [64], [178], [179], [180], [191], [213], [216], [221].
Back, Sir George, [vi], [36], [151], [180], [185], [215];
his map, [200].
Back's, or the Great Fish, River, see Great Fish River.
Baptiste, little, see Beaulieu, Baptiste.
Baptiste Testerwich, a half-breed Iroquois, [253], [255], [258], [292], [294];
his daughters, the "belles" of Hudson's Hope, [258].
Barren Ground, The, [v], [vi], [14], [15], [19], [23], [35], [48], [54], [55], [58], [63], [65], [75], [80], [84], [88], [89], [90], [91], [94], [96], [97], [99], [102], [110], [116], [122], [126], [130], [137], [143], [168], [174], [176], [177], [196], [209], [221], [225], [232], [271], [300], [302];
Mr. Pike's various expeditions to it, [19]-[77], [99]-[128], [164]-[228];
Mr. Pike's advice to future travellers there, [24];
its mosses and lichens, [42];
it produces one species of Cervidæ, [47];
its birds, [175];
exploration in it is ceasing, [185];
its animals, [198], [199];
Mr. Pike longs to return to it, [301];
a list of its flowers, [320].

Barrow, Thomas, [257], [261], [290], [291], [292];
his house or cabin, [259], [281], [288], [289].
Bathurst Inlet, [120], [191], [197], [204], [208].
Battle River reached, [248].
Beaulieu, Baptiste, a son of King Beaulieu, [33], [89].
Beaulieu, François, a son of King Beaulieu, [22], [39], [43], [61], [79], [93], [97], [135], [136], [137], [139], [141].
Beaulieu, José, brother of King Beaulieu, [234].
Beaulieu, José, a son of King Beaulieu, [22], [61], [91], [92], [136], [137], [236];
his love-affairs, [245].
Beaulieu, King, a French half-breed and guide, [19], [32], [38], [41], [61], [66], [71], [72], [81], [82], [83], [90], [94], [95], [97], [101], [102], [128], [135], [166], [233];
his character, [19], [23], [24];
his father and sons, [22], [23];
he calls the snow le couvert du bon Dieu, [62];
a lake is called after him, [62];
his cleverness, [73];
his opinions and anecdotes, [83]-[88];
he refuses to join the second musk-ox hunt, [97].
Beaulieu, Paul, a son of King Beaulieu, [22], [39], [43], [61], [70], [79], [92], [93], [97], [101], [103], [108], [111], [118], [130].
Beaulieu, Pierre, a brother of King Beaulieu, [148], [149], [233].
Beaulieus, the, [33], [64], [77], [134], [136], [138];
their character, [23];
they are not agreeable to live with, [126];
the final settlement with them, [147];
they apparently try to damage Mr. Pike's chances of success, [168].
Beaulieus, the young, the sons of King Beaulieu, [22], [38].
Beaver tribe dying out, [253].
Beavers, their actions mould geography, [155];
an account of the other animals found in their country, [156], [157].
Beaver Indians, their language, [251].
Beechey Lake, [190], [204], [205].
Biche, Lake La, [6].
Big Lake, [131].
Big River, the usual native name for the Slave River, [26].
Blackfeet, the, [3], [132].
Blue hills in the distance tempt one to push on, [207].
Bloody Falls, the, [152].
Boiler Rapid, the, [9].
Boiling, the favourite method of cooking, [55].
British Columbia, see Columbia.
Brick, Mr., a farmer of Smoky River, [244], [296];
his mission, [249];
his son, [295], [301].
Buffalo bands, [156];
a hunt for, [154]-[159].
Bull-dogs, "a cross between a bee and a blue-bottle," an annoyance to the horses, [3].
Bull's Head, the, [256], [289].
Calgary, [ix], [2], [3], [11], [298], [299];
left in June, 1889, [1].
California, [256].
Camp, a good, [40], [126].

Campbell, Mr., [228].
Camsell Lake, [43], [46], [61], [76], [80], [128].
Camsell, Mr., in charge of the Mackenzie River district, [20], [22], [231].
Canada, Eastern, [13].
Cannicannick Berry used for tobacco, [31].
Canoe, a birch-bark, is a "pretty poetical thing," 197.
Cap, the, [250].
Capot Blanc, an Indian, [140], [168], [171], [172], [176], [181], [182], [185], [187], [188], [191], [213].
Carcajou, the, is a cunning beast, [57].
Caribou, the, sometimes found near the Fond du Lac, [14];
Mr. Pike's prospect of finding it, [32];
he finds some bands, [43], [64], [72], [76], [89], [108];
Et-then, Et-then! the cry on the sight of it, [44];
the methods of cooking it, [44]-[46];
it is the one specimen of Cervidæ found in the Barren Ground, [47];
its different species described, [47], [48];
killed by Esquimaux, [56];
some details of its appearance and habits, [48]-[60];
the methods of freezing it, [67];
it is killed by women and boys, [76];
the cry, La Foule, La Foule! when a band is in sight, [89];
the most remarkable passage of caribou seen by Mr. Pike, [91].
Caribou diggings, [256].
Caribou-eaters, [19].
Caribou gold-fields, [231].
Caribou mountains, [239], [241].
Carquoss, an Indian, [190], [197].
Cassiar mining district, [231].
Catholics, all half-breeds are, [41].
Charlie, a half-breed from Quesnelle, [258], [260], [266], [270], [272], [273], [276], [277], [283], [285], [286], [288], [289], [293], [294];
his character, [292].
Chesterfield Inlet, [210].
Chinook wind, the, [259].
Chipeweyan Fort, the head-post of the Athabasca district, [5], [12], [150], [163], [231], [234], [235], [238], [241], [245];
its history and present life, [13]-[15];
trout-lines may be worked there, [14];
the appearance of the country changes on leaving it, [16].
Chipeweyan language, [26], [251].
Christie's Bay, [30].
Civilisation is degenerating, [299].
Clark, Mr., arrives as Mr. Mackinlay's substitute, [163], [164].
Clearwater River, the main route to the North, [11], [12].
Clinton Golden Lake, or the Lake where the caribou swim among the ice, [216], [220], [223];
described, [217], [218].
Columbia, British, [231], [265].
Company, the, see Hudson's Bay Company.
Cooking, the favourite method is boiling, [55].
Cooper, Fenimore, [129].
Coppermine River, [64], [65], [67], [72], [108], [110], [152];
the Bloody Falls of, [152].

Corbeau, Lac du, [43].
Country, the, its nature between Calgary and Edmonton, [1], [2];
and after leaving Chipeweyan, [16], [17].
Crees, the, [3], [132];
their language the medium of conversation on the Athabasca, [11];
their lodges passed, [241].
Cree-speaking belt, [26];
left by Mr. Pike, [251].
Cries: that on the sight of caribou, Et-then, Et-then!, [44];
on the sight of a band of caribou, La Foule, La Foule!, [89];
to awake a camp, He lève, lève, il faut partir!, [122];
that of Hi hi he, Ho hi he, to bring out the stars, [123].
Dakota blizzard, brought to Mr. Pike's mind by his experience of wind, [88].
David, the Esquimaux, [162], [206], [210], [211], [271], [276];
falls in love with the daughter of King Beaulieu, [168];
a keen hunter, [180];
his first summer outside the Arctic circle, [207].
Davis, Twelvefoot, [256], [257].
Dease Lake, [230].
Deluge, King Beaulieu's story of the, [85]-[88].
Dog-rib tribes, the, [32], [53], [60], [85], [90], [95], [195];
a spot on their history, [72];
they gamble with the Yellow-knives, [167];
they are more amenable than the Yellow-knives, [300].
Dogs are a trouble in winter travelling from their need of much food, [149].
Dominion Day, a Canadian anniversary, [182].
Dominion government's map, [216].
Dunvegan, [245], [249], [250], [253], [292], [295], [296].
Dupire, Father, in charge of the Catholic mission at Fort Resolution, [144], [149].
Edmonton, [2], [295], [297], [298];
the starting point for the territory of Hudson's Bay Company, [1];
an election at, [298].
Enemy, the, [81], [187].
Enemy, the Lake of the, [80], [127].
English is little spoken in the north, [11].
English Channel, the, [229].
Enterprise Fort, [65].
Esquimaux, the, [186], [192], [195], [196], [204], [208], [211];
they also kill the caribou, [56];
they are dreaded by the Indians, [151], [152];
presents for them, [164], [167], [209];
signs of their camp, [201]-[205].
Etitchula, the Indian, [135], [136].
Et-then, Et-then! the cry on the sight of the caribou, [44].
Euclid's methods, [275].
Expedition, the object of Mr. Pike's, [v], [vi], [70];
the ceremony of commemorating one, [228].
Fat, Antoine, a blind Indian, [176].

Fat, Pierre, a blind Indian, [176];
he appreciates scenery, [178].
Findlay River, [260], [263], [265], [268], [276], [280], [295];
its rapids, [264], [265], [281];
its source, [265].
Flett, Mr., and his family, passengers down the Athabasca, [5];
in charge of Fort Smith, [234].
Fond du Lac, [12], [14], [15], [28], [31], [32], [38], [40], [57], [61], [62], [79], [91], [92], [93], [96], [97], [101], [104], [120], [130], [134], [135], [136], [137], [139], [141], [144], [148], [163], [164],

[166], [167], [168], [171], [176];
described, [32];
women and children left there, [33].
Fogs, effect of, [108].
Forest fires, [1].
France is not sighed for by the priest of an Indian encampment, [232].
François, see Beaulieu, François.
François the little, conducts a buffalo hunt, [154]-[160];
his wife, [161].
Franklin, Sir John, [vi], [36], [77], [185], [205]; his expedition, [63];
his wintering-place, [65].
Fraser Lake, [258].
Fraser River, [231], [256].
French-Canadians, their chansons dying out, [10].
French patois of the Red River and the North, [11], [26].
Gold-dust is to be found by the Peace River, [252].
Good Hope, Fort, [300].
Government, motherly, defied, [3].
Grahame, the steamer, [12], [16].
Grand Pays, the half-breeds' name for the outside world, [82], [150].
Grand Traverse, the, [141], [142].
Grand Rapids, not reached by the steamer, [5];
reached by Mr. Pike, [7];
a description of the channel and its passage, [8]-[11].
Gras, Lac de, [64], [70], [108], [109], [121], [175].
Grease longed for in the cold, [55].
Great Bear Lake, [68].
Great Fish or Back's River, [36], [64], [115], [151], [152], [162], [164], [168], [171], [180], [184], [185], [188], [204], [205], [221].
Great Slave Lake, see Slave Lake.
Great Slave River, see Slave River.
Gros Cap, [148].
Gunn, Mr., of St. John's, [251];
he knew Beaver Indian tongue, [252].
Half-breeds are all Catholics, [41].
Half-way River, [251].
Halket Fort, [231].
Hanging Rock, the Lake of, [93].
Hardistay, Mr. Frank, [296].
Hay River, [156].
Hearne, Mr., [vi], [36], [152];
his Journey to the Northern Ocean, [50].
Hi hi he, Ho hi he! the cry for the stars, [123].
Ho lève, lève, il faut partir! the cry for arousing a camp, [122].
Hood, [vi].

Hospitality is in inverse proportion to a man's means, [143].
Hudson's Bay, [48], [50], [223].
Hudson's Bay Company, or The Company, [v], [1], [3], [14], [50], [52], [82], [83], [84], [99], [131], [156], [197], [210], [226], [228], [231], [238], [240], [250], [253], [296];
Mr. Pike's gratitude to the officers of, for their hospitality, [viii], [142], [143];
one of their early trading posts, [2];
their steamers are well-managed, [17];
they bring a certain amount of civilisation, [25];
their duffel capotes, [52];
their compressed tea not good to smoke, [136];
they are fair to the Indians, [242], [243].
Hudson's Bay Fort on Macleod's Lake, [260].
Hudson's Hope, [249], [250], [252], [265], [291], [294], [295];
visited, [253]-[257].
Iceland, [42].
Inconnu, a fish found only in the Mackenzie River, [29].
"Indian, the burnt," his bad luck, [221], [222].
Indians, the great northern territory is their hunting-ground, [1];
they are more easily managed than the half-breeds, [7];
they are sent from Locheaux to man the "inland boats," [7];
they cannot find their way in snow, [122];
they are very improvident, [131], seq.;
they are peaceable by nature, [145];
they dread the Esquimaux, [152];
their women quarrel, [172];
they imitate birds very well, [172];
some of them show themselves much interested in the skin of a seal, an animal they had never seen, [202];
they have a stupid love of killing, [209];
intoxicating drink may not be given to them, [226].
Inland boats described, [6].
John, [258], [268], [270], [271], [276], [277], [278], [280], [281], [283], [285], [288], [292];
he visits Mr. Pike, [246]-[254];
his character, [246], [247].
John, Saint, see Saint John.
José, see Beaulieu, José.
José, the brother-in-law of Zinto, [171], [173].
Kennedy, Alick, a good voyageur, [295].
Khartoum, [296].
King, see Beaulieu, King.
King Lake, [62], [127].
Labrador tea, [41], [194], [275], [283].
La Foule, la Foule! the cry on the sight of a caribou band, [89].
Languages, those of the North, [11];
those beyond the Cree-speaking belt on the Mackenzie, [26].
Lard, Lac du, [36].
Lawrence, Mr., a farmer of Vermillion, [244].
Lesser Slave Lake, [4], [6], [249], [250], [261], [292], [296], [297].
Liard River, [155], [156], [230], [231], [251].

Little Buffalo River, [145], [158];
it is impregnated with sulphur, [158].
Little Red River, in Athabasca district, [12];
its beautiful scenery, [240].
Little River, [266], [276].
Little Slave River, [145], [297].
Locheaux language, [26].
Lockhart's house, [164].
Lockhart's or Outram River, [63], [64], [70], [178], [179], [212], [214], [215], [224];
different opinions of its route, [216].
Lockhart, Pierre, a guide, [164], [171].
Lower Peace River, [235].
Lynx and rabbits, their periodic dying out, [293].
Macdonald, Ewen, the chief of the Peace River district, [250].
Macdonald, Walter, son of Ewen MacDonald, [261], [291], [294], [296].
Macdougall, [228].
Macfarlane, [228].
Mackay, Dr., in charge of the Athabasca district, [12], [17], [18], [63], [240];
a visit from him, [150], [151];
he sends presents, [163];
he is absent, [235];
he is met by Mr. Pike, [238].
Mackay, Lake, or the Lake of the Hanging Rock, [63], [64], [70], [72], [75], [80], [89], [92], [99], [106], [125], [178], [179], [220];
described, [63].
Mackay, Mr., a Company's clerk, [7], [8].
Mackay, Murdo, a servant at Fort Resolution who accompanies Mr. Pike, [146], [151], [162], [206], [233], [236], [239], [246], [247], [258], [270], [273], [278], [282], [283], [292].
Mackenzie, Sir Alex., [13], [253].
Mackenzie River, or La Grande Rivière en Bas, v, [4], [10], [18], [19], [20], [36], [48], [50], [60], [142], [180], [230], [233], [265], [300];
its origin, [16];
the languages spoken along its banks, [26].
Mackinlay, Mr., in charge of Fort Resolution, [22], [144], [148], [162], [189], [193], [197], [206], [209], [213], [228], [233], [234];
joins Mr. Pike in expedition to the Barren Ground, [151].
Mackinlay, Mrs., [144].
Macleod, Fort, [266], [271], [277], [278].
Macleod's Lake, [231], [237], [254], [258], [259], [261], [266], [276], [291], [295];
Hudson's Bay Fort on it, [260].
Macleod's River, [266], [271], [273], [276].
MacMurray, Fort, [7];
Mr. Pike starts for it, [9];
reaches it, [11];
it is the most southerly post of the Athabasca district, [12];
it is near some natural tar deposits, [13].
Mandeville, François, the brother of Michel Mandeville, [225].
Mandeville, Michel, the interpreter at Fort Resolution, [146], [148], [151].
Mandeville, Moise, the brother of Michel Mandeville, who joins Mr. Pike, [151], [162], [168], [179], [183], [197];
is a good steersman, [198].

Maps, those of Mr. Pike are not very accurate, [vii].
Marble Island, [210].
Marlo, the brother of Zinto, [97], [102], [111], [114], [116], [134], [139], [168], [181], [190], [197].
Michel, a son-in-law of King Beaulieu, [33], [46], [61], [92], [93], [97], [104], [110], [130], [134], [139].
Misère, Point de, [67], [72], [78], [108].
Mission Island, [144], [228], [229], [230].
Moberley's Lake, [292], [294].
Moise, see Mandeville, Moise.
Montaignais dialect of Chipeweyan language, [26].
Moose Island, [144].
Mort, Lac de, [37], [92], [134].
Mouse chased for a caribou, [107].
Murdo, see Mackay, Murdo.
Muskeg country ends at the Point of Rocks, [27].
Musk-ox, [69], [70];
the object of Mr. Pike's journey, [v], [vi];
to be sought on the Barren Ground, [23];
the first killed, [69];
birds seen during the hunt for them, [68];
an expedition in search of them, [61] seq.;
a band of them, [113];
the method of slaughtering them is unpleasant, [116];
their horns described, [119];
a description of a hunt for them, [181]-[183];
they are said to understand the Yellow-knife language, [183];
advice to hunters of them, [300], [301].
Musk-ox, the giant, [81].
Musk-ox Lake, [185], [186], [187], [188], [194], [212], [214].
Musk-ox Mountain, [188];
it is the limit of the Yellow-knives' hunting-ground, [186].
Nation River, [291].
Nelson Fort, [156], [251].
New Year's Day, an occasion of trade, [139], [146].
Nile, the, [296].
Noel, an Indian, who joins Mr. Pike's expedition, [97], [111], [112], [115], [181], [190], [197], [205], [217].
Northern Packet, the, [150].
North-West Company, the, [14].
Old Wives' Lake, [296].
Omineca, [265], [291].
Orkney Island, [5].
Ottawa, [13], [244], [298].
Outram River, see Lockhart's River.
Pacific, Canadian Railway, [11], [271].
Pacific Coast, [209];
routes to, [231].
Pacific Ocean, [265].
Paradox gun, its uses, [137], [138].
Parsnip River, [260], [263], [266], [267], [270], [271], [276], [277], [291], [295]; its source, [265];
its method of freezing, [268].
Pat, a Sicannee, [258], [260], [266], [271], [272], [273], [274], [276], [277], [283], [286], [292], [293], [294], [295].
Paul, see Beaulieu, Paul.
Peace River, [4], [16], [155], [156], [209], [231], [237], [240], [242], [244], [245], [246], [248], [249], [251], [252], [253], [256], [265], [293], [294], [297];
one of the easiest northern waterways, [238];
farmers should not be tempted to it, [244]-[246];
gold-dust is found on its banks, [252].
Peace River, the Lower, [236].
Peace River Pass, [278], [285], [301].
Peel's River, a tributary of the Mackenzie, [20], [162].
Peel's River Fort, [208].
Peter, an Indian, who joined Mr. Pike's expedition, [97], [111], [115], [116].
Pike, Mr. Warburton: the object of his journey is to see the musk-ox, [v], [vi];
his conveyance and outfit, [1];
he starts from Calgary for Edmonton, the entrance of the Hudson's Bay Company's territory, [1];
his French half-breed driver, [2], [3];
he reaches Athabasca Landing and starts down the river, [4];
he reaches the island at the head of the Grand Rapids, [7];
he starts for MacMurray Fort, [9], and reaches it, [11];
he reaches Athabasca Lake, [13];
he starts for Fort Smith, on the Great Slave Lake, [16], and reaches it, [18];

he makes preparations for the actual journey to the Barren Ground, and engages the Beaulieu family as guides and servants, [19];
he leaves the Company's main route at Fort Resolution, [24];
he takes too few provisions, [25];
the details of his outfit, his fleet, and his companions, [25], [26];
he picks up a little of the Montaignais dialect, [26];
he encamps in the delta of the Slave River, [26], [27];
he reaches Fond du Lac, [31], where the women, children, and as much baggage as possible are left behind, [33];
he leaves the Great Slave Lake, and contemplates the country he has just left and that towards which he is journeying, [35];
he takes a new route and names new lakes, [36];
a good caribou hunt, [43] seq.;
he approaches the genuine Barren Ground, [46];
a chapter on the caribou, [47]-[60];
he makes an expedition from Lake Camsell in search of the musk-ox, [61];
he shoots his first musk-ox, [69], [70];
he concludes that it would be reckless to push further North, and turns back, [71];
he reaches Lake Camsell again, [76];
plans for the next musk-ox hunt, [79];
King Beaulieu's theories and anecdotes, [81]-[88];
a remarkable passage of the caribou, [89]-[91];
a visit of the chief Zinto and his followers, [93];
arrangements for the second musk-ox hunt, [96], [97];
he starts, [99];
his first winter camp in the Barren Ground, [101]-[104];
a description of the country, [105]-[110];
he is in difficulties for food, [110];
the musk-ox come in sight and are killed, [112]-[116];
the land of the musk-ox, [117];
another band of musk-ox killed, [118];
their horns described, [119];
the return road is lost in the snow, [122], but found the next morning, [123];
he reaches Lake Camsell again and goes on towards Fond du Lac, [128];
he visits Zinto's camp, [129] seq.;
he sleeps at Fond du Lac on his road to the Great Slave Lake, [139];
he is joined by more Indians, [140], [141];
he reaches Fort Resolution and comparative civilisation, [143];
some account of the Fort, [143]-[147];
he makes a small expedition for caribou with Mackinlay, [148];
he makes plans for a summer trip to the Barren Ground, [150] seq.;
he goes on a short buffalo hunt with Mackinlay, [154]-[162];
the difficulties in starting for the Barren Ground, [162], [163];
he leaves Fort Resolution, [164];
he leaves the great Slave Lake with Mackinlay and some of the Indians, [174];
a new method of hunting the musk-ox, [181];
he makes little expeditions, one with Capot Blanc, [187] seq.;
a division of the party before going further down the Great Fish River, [190];
Syene, the medicine man, prophesies, [191] seq.;
two of the Indians desert, [197];
he turns up-stream, [204];
he explores a new tributary, [205]-[208];
he leaves presents in a deserted Esquimaux camp, [209];
the return journey, [216]-[230];
he cannot stay long at Fort Resolution, and makes plans for his journey up-stream, to cross the Rocky Mountains, and if possible reach the Pacific, [231];
he decides between the routes and starts, [232];
he enters Athabasca Lake, [235];
he camps at Quatre Fourches, [237];
he turns westward up the Peace River, [238];
he reaches Vermillion Fort, [241];
his difficulties in getting a crew, [245] seq.;
he reaches Dunvegan, [249], and St. John's, [251];
he leaves the Cree-speaking belt and enters that of the Beaver Indians, [251];
his first glimpse of the Rockies, [252];
he reaches Hudson's Hope, [253];
he camps at the head of the Cañon, [258];
a change in the wind prevents his making use of sleighs, [259];
he begins a more detailed account of his winter in the Rockies, [260];
a dangerous journey to the Findlay Rapids, [263], [264];
a glance at his geographical position, [265];
he discovers that the road is lost, [272] seq.;
a search for food, [274];
he begins to retrace his way, [276];
his decision concerning the Indians who steal the rations, [284], [285];
he reaches Tom Barrow's house, [290];
he leaves Hudson's Hope for Edmonton, [295],
which he reaches during an election, [298];
he writes the last words in St. James's Street, giving advice to musk-ox hunters and longing for the Barren Ground, [299] seq.
Pierre, see Beaulieu, Pierre.
Pierre, Blind, see Fat, Pierre.
Pierre the Fool, [218], [219], [223], [224];
his description of the country east of Clinton Golden Lake, [223].
Pierre, an Indian boy, the son of little François, [159].
Pierre, Ile de, [141], [142], [166], [229];
a good spot for fishing, [27].
Pine River, [294].
Pine River Pass, [292].
Poplar Rapid, [262], [265], [287].
Portage, the Long, [12];
the work of portaging described, [17], [18].
"Prairie, the bald-headed," a term of the cattlemen, [2].
Proverb of the North, a, [267].
Ptarmigan plentiful, [44].
Ptarmigan Lake, [219].
Quatre Fourches, [16], [237].
Quesnelle, [231], [246], [250], [258], [271], [292].
Rabbit and lynx, their periodic decease, [293].
Rae, Dr., [vi].
Rae, Fort, [95], [148], [167],
a good starting-point for the Barren Ground, [299].
Raven, a superstition concerning the, [66].
Red-deer, the stream of, [2].
Reid, Mr., of Fort Province, told King Beaulieu that the earth went round the sun, [83].
Resolution, Fort, on the Great Slave Lake, the northern limit of the Athabasca district, [12], [22], [24], [50], [59], [97], [130], [150], [154], [163], [167], [185], [210], [225], [227], [228], [230], [232], [233];
Mr. Pike returns to it, [143];
its history and present life, [144], [145];
it is not perhaps the best starting-point for the Barren Ground, [300].
Richardson, [vi].
Riel, Louis, his rebellion, [83].
Rocher, Lac du, [38], [39], [63], [73], [91], [128];
it is a haunt of the caribou, [39];
trout are caught in it, [39];
its products and geological structure, [41], [42];
it is like the desert of Arnavatn in Iceland, [42].
Rocks, Point of, the end of the Muskeg country, [27].
Rocky Mountains, the, [v], [ix], [1], [143], [155], [209], [231], [237], [238], [241], [248], [250], [260], [265], [272], [281], [291], [294];
the first glimpse of, [252], [253];
Mr. Pike's attempt to cross them, [232]-[272].
Round, Mr., in charge of Dunvegan, [250].
Saint James's Street, [299].
Saint John, Fort, often called St. John's, [156], [249], [251], [252], [253], [294], [295].
Salt River, [19], [21].

Saltatha, an Indian who joins Mr. Pike's expedition, [97], [109], [111], [112], [114], [115], [120], [122], [123], [168], [171], [172], [193], [195], [197], [202], [203], [208], [217], [219], [226];
his energy, [105], [190];
his character, [115];
his illness and its cure by brandy, [211], [227];
his friendly parting with Mr. Pike, [232];
his answer to the priest concerning the beauties of heaven, [302].
Sandy Bay, [180], [275].
Saskatchewan River, [2], [4].
Shooting etiquette must be abandoned among the Indians, [159].
Sicannee fashion of burying, [269], [279].
Simpson, Fort, [230].
Simpson, Mr. Scott, in charge of river transport, [6].
Simpson, Sir G., [253].
Simpson's group of islands, [28].
Slave or Great Slave Lake, [vii], [13], [15], [16], [20], [21], [25], [36], [40], [41], [42], [44], [48], [50], [63], [68], [84], [85], [88], [131], [148], [155], [156], [172], [176], [178], [191], [213], [215], [218], [219], [221], [223], [225], [228], [242], [248], [300], [301];
Mr. Pike's journey on, finished, [34];
his last view of, [35];
the vegetation on its banks, [30], [31];
it is a charming place to live on, [232].
[There is a Lesser Slave Lake, see "Lesser.">[
Slave or Big River, [16], [26], [48], [142], [233], [238];
its rapids, [12];
described, [21];
its wild-fowl, [27].
[There is also a Little Slave River, see "Little.">[
Slavi language, [26].
Sleighs of the North described, [99]-[101].
Smith, Fort, in Athabasca district, [12], [21], [29], [48], [145], [156], [158], [161], [163], [231], [234], [236], [245];
Mr. Pike starts for it, [16];
the game near it, [18];
described, [18].
Smoking, the Company's compressed tea not recommended, [136].
Smoky River, a tributary of the Peace, [249], [295], [296].
Snow, called le couvert du bon Dieu by Beaulieu, [62];
prevents the Indians from finding their way, [122].
Snow-blindness, its cause and cures, [175].
Stars, supposed to be brought out by the cry Hi hi he, Ho hi he, [123].
Stewart, Mr., [vi], [36], [63], [171], [184], [195].
Sunday wash, the, [79].
Superstitions, concerning the caribou, [59];
and miracles, [133].
Syene, an Indian medicine man, [152], [168], [222];
he prophesies, [191], [192].
Syene, Mrs., assists at the prophesying, [191].
Tête Jaune Pass, [293].
Tête Noire's House, [166].
Thomas, an Indian, the brother of Zinto, [141];
he is a good guide, [142].
Tobacco, is missed more than tea, [120], [121];
the various kinds in use among the Indians, [31];
it may be made from Cannicannick berry, [31].

Vermillion, Fort, in Athabasca district, [12], [156], [236], [238], [240], [241], [242], [247], [248], [249];
described, [241]-[244].
Walls of meat, as in a fairy tale, [76], [77].
Whisky Jack, the ways of the, [134], [135].
William, an Indian who joined Mr. Pike's expedition, [97], [111], [112], [114].
Willows pulled up for firewood, [121].
Wilson, Mr., of Vermillion Fort, [245], [246].
Winnipeg, [vii], [11], [144], [214], [296].
Wolves and wolverines, [57], [89];
their ways of stealing, [45], [128];
they hunt the caribou, [56], [57].
Women, given the heaviest loads, [38];
their hard work and usefulness, [81];
they are treated better by half-breeds than by Indians, [82].
Wood, Mr., in charge of the Athabasca landing, [5].
Wrangel Fort, [231].
Wrigley, the, a steamer on the Mackenzie, [10], [19], [231], [233];
her make and work, [20].
Yellow-knife river, [36], [63].
Yellow-knife tribe, [32], [37], [48], [53], [60], [66], [72], [85], [86], [92], [95], [96], [115], [152], [195], [202], [211], [214];
their etiquette in hunts, [111];
their encampment, [131] seq.;
the kind of husband most desired among them, [133];
their dancing, [147], [148];
their gambling with the Dog-Ribs, [167];
their stupidity and cowardice outside their own country, [197];
their language, [213];
they are less amenable than the Dog-Ribs, [300].
York Boat, its peculiarities, [228], [229].
York factory, [50].
Zinto, a chief of the Yellow-knives, [96], [97], [129], [130];
his visit to Mr. Pike and his speech, [93]-[95];
his camp and people, [129]-[134];
he makes promises of help, [152], [153];
but does not fulfil them, [163], [164], [167].