Warren K. Moorehead

RED CLOUD (MAKH-PIYA-LUTA)
War Chief of all the Sioux.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter Page
Introduction[9]
I.Two Points of View[17]
II.The U. S. Indian Office in 1913[25]
III.The Indians Today and Hon. E. E. Ayer’s Report[31]
IV.The Ojibwa of Minnesota[45]
V.The Legal Complications at White Earth—The Department of Justice[57]
VI.The White Earth Scandal[66]
VII.Some Indian Testimony and Affidavits. Sickness[77]
VIII.The Roll. Stories. Responsibility for White Earth[89]
IX.The Sioux and the Messiah Craze[99]
X.The Dance[111]
XI.The Agency; The Government; Louis Shangraux and the Troops[118]
XII.The Death of Sitting Bull and a Tragedy at Wounded Knee[123]
XIII.The Five Civilized Tribes[133]
XIV.Captain Grayson’s Views; Miss Barnard’s Work; The Minors’ Estates[148]
XV.What Is Left of Indian Property in Oklahoma[157]
XVI.The Leasing System; Chocktaw and Chickasaw; Final Recommendations[164]
XVII.Red Cloud. The Greatest Indian of Modern Times[173]
XVIII.Red Cloud’s Later Years[181]
XIX.Sitting Bull—The Irreconcilable[190]
XX.Education[200]
XXI.Why Some Indians Object to Sending Children to School, and Further Comments on Education[211]
XXII.The Apache, Papago and Pueblo. The Desert Indian[219]
XXIII.The Career of Geronimo[233]
XXIV.The Navaho[241]
XXV.Indians of the Northwest[253]
XXVI.Health of the Indians 1880 to 1912[265]
XXVII.The Indian’s Religion; His Character; Philanthropic Organizations[279]
XXVIII.Irrigation Projects[291]
XXIX.The Buffalo[299]
XXX.The Plains Indians Fifty Years ago and Today[311]
XXXI.The Indians of California[325]
XXXII.A Statistical Table. Prepared by Men and Women in the Field[341]
XXXIII.Farming and Stock-raising. Indian Fairs[359]
XXXIV.Four Important Books[367]
XXXV.Official Views of Indian Conditions[378]
XXXVI.Recommendations and Suggestions from Field Workers[387]
XXXVII.The Communistic Life. Indian Men and Women of Prominence. Morality[399]
XXXVIII.Two Stories. Unwise Purchases[407]
XXXIX.General Comments and Suggestions[417]
XL.Conclusions[423]
Index[435]

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Page
[Frontispiece.] Red Cloud (Makh-piya-luta). War Chief of all the Sioux
Arthur C. Parker. Iroquois. State Archaeologist of New York[19]
Indian Home, Onondaga Reservation, New York[21]
Map showing Country, 1879Opp. [24]
Modern Indian Home[30]
Government Sawmill, Ft. Belknap Reservation, Montana[34]
Map showing Country, 1913Opp. [34]
U. S. Indian School, Chilocco, Oklahoma[37]
Lewis Tewanima, a Full-blood Hopi Indian[38]
James Thorpe. Educated at Carlisle[39]
Honorable Gabe E. Parker, Choctaw[46]
Buildings, Pine Point, White Earth, Minnesota[48]
Ojibwa, blind from Trachoma, Pine Point, Minnesota[52]
Indian School Children in Uniform, Pine Point, White Earth, Minnesota[55]
James Bassett, Full-blood Ojibwa in Tribal Costume[58]
Dispossessed Ojibwa at Rear of Agency Buildings[61]
Group of Thirty Persons constituting Linnen-Moorehead Force, White Earth Investigation, 1909[64]
Ojibwa Chief, Ke-way-din, Pine Point, White Earth Reservation, Minnesota[72]
Evicted Indians, Twin Lakes, White Earth Reservation, Minnesota, 1909[73]
Rose Ellis. Full-blood Ojibwa[78]
Ojibwa Graveyard, White Earth, Minnesota[92]
Modern Sioux Cabin and Summer Tent, Pine Ridge, 1909[104]
Government School Buildings, 1909[106]
Sioux Farming. White Clay Creek, Pine Ridge, 1909[108]
No Water’s Camp of Ghost Dancers, 1890[110]
Ghost Dance at No Water’s Camp[114]
The “Indian Gate”, Pine Ridge, 1890[122]
The Catholic Mission near Wounded Knee Battlefield, Pine Ridge[126]
Monument in Memory of the Chief Big Foot Massacre, Sioux[131]
Cherokee Female Seminary at Talequah, Oklahoma[138]
Chief Plenty CoupsOpp. [143]
Cherokee Male Academy near Talequah, Oklahoma[146]
Shack of a Poor Creek Indian, Oklahoma, 1913[155]
Old-style Cabin, 1850–1890. Cherokee. Oklahoma[158]
Chief Keen-Fa-Chy addressing the CouncilOpp. [168]
Red Cloud and Professor Marsh[176]
Jack Red CloudOpp. [180]
The Hide Hunter’s Work, 40,000 Buffalo Hides, Dodge City, Kansas. 1876[182]
The Last ArrowOpp. [188]
Dr. Charles A. Eastman, Sioux[202]
Class in Agriculture, Chilocco Indian School[208]
Improved Indian Home in the Southwest[215]
Pima Home, Arizona[222]
The Voice of the Water SpiritsOpp. [226]
Indian Buildings of Recent Construction[228]
Southern Ute, Colorado[231]
Geronimo[234]
Pomo Woman Weaving a Twined Basket, California[239]
Navaho Silversmith and His Outfit[244]
Red Goat and His Mother, Navaho, 1902[246]
Navaho Winter Hogan[250]
Modern Indian House, Oklahoma[251]
Exhibit of Grain, Vegetables and Fruits, Bead-work and Baskets[256]
Indian Pack Train in the Mountains[259]
The Challenge. Nez Perce Warrior[262]
Sanitorium School, Fort Lapwai, Idaho[266]
Aged Woman now nearly blind from Trachoma[269]
A Tuberculosis Patient[272]
National Indian Association Hospital at Indian Wells, Arizona[275]
Indian Cabin, North Dakota[276]
Rev. Sherman Coolidge, Arapaho[278]
Navaho Woman Weaving a Blanket[290]
Navaho Home, New Mexico[294]
Rincon Reservation, Mission Indians, California[297]
U. S. Cavalry attacking Black Kettle’s Village[302]
The Hide Hunter[306]
Creek Church and Camp-meeting Ground[309]
Oglala WomanOpp. [314]
Better Class of Full-blood Indians of Thirty Years Ago[320]
Linguistic Stocks in California[328]
Colored Blanket (title on plate)Opp. [343]
Leupp Hall, Students’ Dining Room. Chilocco Indian School, Oklahoma[362]
Indians Receiving Instruction in Plumbing. Haskell Institute, Kansas[364]
Navaho Summer Hogan[365]
A Full-blood Sioux Girl, 1888[370]
Seminole Indian Houses and Cyclone Cellar, Oklahoma[374]
Indians Commercial Department[376]
Class in Domestic Arts. Haskell Indian School, Kansas[382]
Mourning the Dead[385]
Conference of Indian Y. M. C. A. Students at Denver, Colorado[386]
Creek Man and Woman cutting Wood, Sylvian, Oklahoma, 1913[393]
Alaskan Indian Children[396]
Portrait of Bay-bah-dwun-gay-aush[398]
The Last OutpostOpp. [403]
Large Indian House[404]
Carlisle Indian School Buildings[406]
Carlisle Indian School Campus[412]
Ojibwa Woman Dying of Consumption[416]
President Grant’s Medal to Red Cloud[419]
Miss Kate Barnard of Oklahoma[426]
Chief Peo-peo-tolekt. Nez Perce Warrior[430]
The Fading SunsetOpp. [433]

INTRODUCTION

Additional Comments

With some diffidence I present a history of the American Indian during the transition period.