(8). Dealings of the state with foreign powers; the preservation of the state from external danger or encroachment, and the advancement of its intellectual interests.
#II. Optional or Ministrant Functions.#
(1). The regulation of trade and industry. Under this head we must include the coinage of money, and the establishment of standard weights and measures, laws against forestalling, engrossing, the licensing of trades, etc., as well as the great matters of tariffs, navigation laws, and the like.
(2). The regulation of labor.
(3). The maintenance of thoroughfares, including state management of railways, and that great group of undertakings which we embrace within the comprehensive terms 'Internal Improvements,' or 'The Development of the Country.'
(4). The maintenance of postal and telegraph systems, which is very similar in principle to (3).
(5). The manufacture and distribution of gas, the maintenance of
water-works, &c.
(6). Sanitation, including the regulation of trades for sanitary purposes.
(7). Education.
(8). Care of the poor and incapable. (9). Care and cultivation of forests and like matters, such as stocking of rivers with fish.