(c) The legal and parliamentary expenses incurred in disputes between the various companies, and in opposing rival companies’ new lines.

(d) Advertisements by rival companies of their own routes.

II. Expenditure and waste which would be diminished:—

1. By reason of unification of systems.

(a) Competing receiving offices and their staffs would be reduced to one in each locality.

(b) Rolling stock, which is now often idle because owned by different companies, could be used solely according to the requirements of the traffic.

(c) Competing trains now running on different lines at the same time between London and other large towns could be run at different times with largely increased numbers of passengers at same cost.

(d) Adjoining stations belonging to competing companies would be amalgamated.

2. By reason of the adoption of uniform rates and fares.