I. STRONG VERBS.
A. INFLECTION OF THE STRONG VERBS.
§ [169]. The inflection of the strong verbs (by means of personal endings) is the same in all three classes ([§ 168]). Therefore we first giv the paradims of inflection and then discuss the formation of the tense-stems (which is different in each class). As paradims may serv a reduplicating verb, haitan, to be calld, and two ablaut verbs, niman, to take, and biudan, to offer.
§ [170].
Note 1. biudan is subject to the rules for the final soft spirants ([§ 79]): imper. sg. biuþ, prt. bauþ (cp. § 374). Likewise giban, gif, gaf (cp. [§ 56]).
Note 2. The termination of the 2nd pers. sg. prt. (-t) causes the change stated in the rule for consonants before dentals ([§ 81]). Final b of stems becums f: gaft (inf. giban); exampls for pt ar wanting: skôpt or skôft? (inf. skapjan); —g remains unchanged in magt ([§ 66], n. 1), other exampls ar wanting; neither ar there any exampls for kt (wôkt or wôht? cp. [§ 58], n. 2); —dentals becum s: warst < waírþan, qast < qiþan ([§ 71], n. 3), gastôst < standan, baust < biudan ([§ 75], n. 1), bigast < gitan, haíhaist < haitan ([§ 69], n. 2).—The extant 2nd pers. prt. of saísô (inf. saian) is saísôst. On account of the scarcity of exampls it is uncertain whether all stems ending in a vowel had -st.—The 2nd pers. prt. of rinnan is rant ([§ 80]).
Note 3. Only one strong verb is found (twice) in the 3d pers. sg. imper.: atsteigadan, καταβάτω; Mt. XXVII, 42. Mk. XV, 32 (cp. [§ 186], n. 1). The 3d pers. pl. may be givn with certainty according to the weak verb ([§ 192], n. 1).
Note 4. The dual forms of the verb occur very seldom. The 1st pers. du. opt. prt., nêmeiwa, etc., which is only givn according to the corresponding form of the prs. nimaiwa, is not found at all. Also the 2nd pers. du. opt. prt. is but an inferd form according to the anomalous wileits ([§ 205]).
Note 5. Concerning the irregular formation of the present of sum strong verbs with j, s. [§ 206], n.