[INDEX]
- Above and below, distinction between, [121]
- Abstract, concrete and, [16] ff.
- Abstraction, [20]
- Action, conscious, [174];
- instinctive, [174]
- Adaptation, [172] ff.
- Aeromechanics, [147]
- Algebra, [80]
- Alikeness, definition of, [51] ff.
- Allotropic changes, [161]
- Analysis, infinitesimal, [111]
- Analytic geometry, [122] ff.
- Analytic judgments, [66]
- Anthropology, [57]
- Ants, specialization of, [181]
- Applied sciences, [57] ff.
- A priori judgments, [44]
- Aristotle, [38], [66]
- Aristotle's logic, [22]
- Arithmetic, [79] ff.
- Assertions, never absolutely correct, [53]
- Association, [63] ff., [81]
- Astronomic objective, [6]
- Astronomy as an applied science, [58]
- Atomic hypothesis in chemistry, [142]
- Atoms, [141]
- Bees, specialization of, [181]
- Biological sciences, [55];
- life most general concept in, [56]
- Botany, [56]
- Cæsar, Julius, [76]
- Capillary phenomena, [146]
- Capillary theory, [147]
- Carbon, its circulation through plants and animals, [171];
- life based on the energy of, [168]
- Carbonic acid, [171]
- Carnot, Sadi, [151]
- Causal relation, purification of, [34] ff.
- Causation, the law of, [31] ff.
- Chemical combinations, [71] ff.;
- quantitative relations in, [74]
- Chemical energy, [159] ff.;
- capable of powerful concentration, [161];
- different forms of, [159]
- Chemical formulas represent concepts not sounds, [95]
- Chemistry, [20], [47], [55];
- significance of, [160] ff.
- Chinese script based on direct co-ordination, [93]
- Civilization, [184] ff.
- Classification, not definite, [2];
- purpose of, [2-4]
- Classification of the sciences, [53] ff.
- Collective activity, [181]
- Combination, sequence in, [73] ff.
- Combinations, theory of, [71]
- Combinatory schematization, [73];
- in chemistry, [71] ff.;
- in physics, [72]
- Communication, [181]
- Community among plants and animals, [179]
- Comparison, [82]
- Comte, Auguste, [54]
- Concept, the most general, [61] ff.
- Concepts, arbitrary, [23];
- complex, [23];
- complex empirical, [23];
- definition of, [16];
- empirical, [18];
- formation of, [19];
- general, [26];
- in ceaseless flux, [88];
- science of, [15] ff., [122];
- simple, [20];
- simple and complex, [19] ff.
- Conclusion, the, [24] ff.;
- analytic, [66];
- scientific, [27], [30], [66] ff.
- Concrete and abstract, [16] ff.
- Conjugacy, most general concept in formal sciences, [56]
- Conscious action, [174]
- Conscious thinking, willing, and acting, [178]
- Conservation of energy, the law of the, [135] ff.
- Conservation of matter, [138]
- Conservation of the sum of work and kinetic energy, the law of the, [134]
- Conservation of work, the law of the, [130]
- Conservation, quantitative, [131]
- Continuity, [101] ff.;
- the law of, [113] ff.
- Co-ordinated signs, change in, [88] ff.
- Co-ordination, [80] ff.;
- a means of obtaining facts without dealing directly with the corresponding realities, [87];
- between concept and word not unambiguous, [89];
- between concept and written sign, direct and indirect, [92] ff.;
- identity the limit case in, [82];
- integral numbers the best basis of, [85];
- in use among primitive men and higher animals, [87];
- its importance, [85];
- methodology of the sciences based upon, [85];
- of numbers with signs, [90] ff.;
- possibility of unambiguous, [88]
- Copernican theory, [117] ff.
- Copernicus, [117], [141]
- Corpuscular theory of light, [5], [157]
- Counting, [85] ff.;
- defined, [85];
- purpose of, [86]
- Culture, see Civilization
- Darwin, his fundamental theory, [173]
- Deduction, [40] ff.;
- the process of, [41] ff.
- Deductive sciences, [38]
- Determinateness, absolute, only in ideal world, [50]
- Determinateness of things, the, [47] ff.
- Determinism, [48], [51]
- Differential Calculus, see Differentials
- Differentials, [112]
- Double numbers or double points in a group, [82]
- Dynamics, [128] ff.;
- definition of, [139]
- Elasticity, [145]
- Elastic undulatory theory of light, see Wave theory of light
- Electricity, principal source of, [156]
- Electricity and magnetism, [154] ff.
- Electromagnetic theory of light, [157] ff.
- Electrotechnics, [156]
- Empirical sciences, [38]
- Energetic mechanics, [138] ff.
- Energy, a substance, [136];
- at rest, [154];
- free, [154];
- importance of concept of, [128];
- in nerves, [177];
- the most general concept in the physical sciences, [56];
- of form, [145];
- of volume, [145]
- Energy intensity, [153]
- Erg, definition of, [150]
- Esperanto, 183, [note]
- Euclid, [44], [140]
- European-American scripts based on indirect co-ordination, [93]
- Experience, incompleteness of, [27];
- more limited than the conceivable, [118]
- Experiences, distinguished by being familiar, [31];
- limited knowledge of, [31]
- Experiential sciences, see Empirical sciences
- Extrapolation, [46], [50], [104]
- Familiarity due to recalling former similar experiences, [11]
- Fechner, [102]
- Feeling, thinking, acting, [174] ff.
- Force, [129] ff., [153]
- Formal sciences, [54];
- are empirical sciences, [55];
- order most general concept in, [56]
- Foucault's pendulum experiment, [121]
- Freedom of the will, [50] ff.
- Frequency of process facilitates repetition, [11] ff.
- Function, [109] ff.;
- continuous and discontinuous, [110];
- most general concept in formal sciences, [56]
- Functional relation, the application of the, [112] ff.
- Functions, the theory of, [111]
- Fundamental principle, the second, [150] ff.
- Gases, [145]
- Generalization, suitable place for, in text-books, [9] ff.
- Geometry, [47], [54], [119], [127];
- ancient and modern methods of, [110] ff.
- Goethe, [99]
- Good usage in language, [100]
- Grammatical correctness, importance attached to, [99]
- Grammatical rules, [97]
- Gravitation potential, the, [112]
- Group, the, [65] ff.;
- double members or double points in, [82];
- linear arrangement of members of, [75] ff.
- Groups, artificial and natural, [69] ff.;
- closed, among animals, [179];
- infinite, equality of, [84];
- related, [69] ff.;
- unequivocal order of, [83]
- Heat, mechanical equivalent of, [149];
- theory of, [147] ff.
- Heat energy, [148] ff.
- Heat engine, [151];
- ideal, [151] ff.
- Heat quantity, [148] ff.
- Heliotrope, [90]
- Herbart, [102]
- Heredity, [180]
- Higher analysis, [111]
- Homonym, [89]
- Hydromechanics, [147]
- Ideal cases, [44] ff.
- Ideal machines, [132]
- Identity, the limit case in co-ordination, [82]
- Ido, 183, [note]
- Imperfection, indestructible quality of science, [4]
- Incompleteness, no hindrance to efficiency of science, [5]
- Indestructibility of matter, see Conservation of matter
- Indo-Arabic notation, [91]
- Induction, [38];
- the complete and the incomplete, [39]
- Inductive sciences, [38]
- Inference, by induction, [38];
- from analogy, [140]
- Infinitesimal analysis, [111]
- Inorganic world, lack of memory and foresight in, [33]
- Insoluble problems, [142]
- Instinctive action, [174]
- Intercourse, language and, [182] ff.
- Isolation among plants and animals, [179]
- Isomeric, [74]
- Isomeric changes, [161]
- Judgments, analytic, [66]
- Kant, [44], [66], [105]
- Kepler, [141]
- Kinetic energy, [132];
- and work, their sum constant, [133] ff.;
- transformed into work and vice versa, [134]
- Knowledge, aim of, [19];
- individual, compared to telephone, [7] ff.;
- limited, [31];
- possibility of error in, ineradicable, [40];
- social character of, [183]
- Language, beginnings of, [88];
- defective in co-ordination, [96];
- distinction between science and knowledge of, [98];
- good usage in, [100];
- and intercourse, [182] ff.;
- needless inflections in, [99] ff.;
- of words more imperfect than written language, [92];
- purpose of its cultivation, [99];
- the science of, [97] ff.;
- unambiguity the ideal of, [89];
- a universal auxiliary, [100];
- written, [89] ff.
- Leibnitz, [88];
- his doctrine of pre-established harmony, [143];
- inventor of differentials, [112]
- Life, [163] ff.;
- the most general concept in the biological sciences, [56]
- Light, [5], [156] ff.
- Liquids, [145]
- Locke, John, [21] ff., [88];
- his elaboration of the notion of simple and complex "ideas," [21];
- his secondary qualities, [127]
- Logic, [54], [67] ff.;
- content of, [19];
- definition of, [15] ff.
- Luther, [99]
- Magnetism, electricity and, [154] ff.
- Man, compared to pair of sieves, [34];
- his capacity for perfection, [180]
- Manifold, the science of the, [54]
- Mass, [132] ff., [136] ff.;
- a substance, [138]
- Mathematical laws, accuracy of, [105]
- Mathematics, [54];
- an empirical science, [55];
- influence on, of concept of continuity, [111];
- its progress after introduction of Indo-Arabic numerals and algebraic signs, [101]
- Matter, definition of, [138]
- Mayer, Julius Robert, [149];
- his discovery of the law of conservation, [151]
- Measurement, [107]
- Mechanical energies, [144]
- Mechanics, [55], [128] ff.;
- complementary branches of, [144] ff.;
- definition of, [138];
- early development of, [139];
- energetic, [138] ff.;
- the first branch of physics treated mathematically, [139];
- pure or classical, [144]
- Mechanistic hypothesis, the, as an interpretation of all natural phenomena, [142];
- especially injurious in study of mental phenomena, [142]
- Mechanistic theories, [140] ff.
- Mechanistic theory of the universe, [132]
- Mechanization of astronomy, [141]
- Memory, [16], [32], [180];
- definition of, [172];
- general characteristic of, [61];
- lack of, in inorganic world, [53]
- Metabolism, [165]
- Methodology of the sciences based upon co-ordination, [85]
- Microscope, [6]
- Motion, the science of, [54], [122];
- uninfluenced, [122]
- Musical notation, [93]
- Names, arbitrariness of, [62];
- signs and, [86] ff.
- Natural laws, [28] ff.;
- definition of, [28];
- their extent dependent upon stage of knowledge in each science, [7];
- their usual origin, [42] ff.;
- prediction from, only approximate, [48]
- Natural philosophy, definition of, [1];
- importance of, in study of science, [10];
- place of, in text-books, [9] ff.
- Negation, [68] ff.
- Nerves, [177]
- Nervous discharge, [177]
- Newton, Sir Isaac, [141]
- Number groups, unlimited, [78]
- Numbers, [78] ff.;
- theory of, [80]
- Numerals, co-ordination of, with signs, [86]
- Numerical names different in different languages, [86]
- Numerical signs international, [86]
- Nutrition, [165]
- Objective, astronomic, [6];
- photographic, [6]
- Objective character of the world, [34]
- Optical telegraph, [90]
- Optics, geometric, [5]
- Optic signs, [90]
- Order, most general concept in formal sciences, [56]
- Organisms, standard for measuring relative perfection of, [176];
- stationary forms, [163]
- Orthography, efforts to improve, [99];
- English, defective in co-ordination, [96];
- exaggerated importance of correctness in, [99];
- mistakes in, [97];
- reform of, [97]
- Parabolic curve, [48]
- Paradoxes of the infinite, [84]
- Pasigraphy, [92] ff.;
- Chinese system of, [94]
- Permanent in change, the, [131]
- Perpetual motion, [130]
- Perpetual motion machine, [153]
- Philology, [97] ff.
- Philosophy, limited progress in, [101]
- Phonetic writing, [33] ff.
- Phoronomy, [54], [119], [122], [127]
- Photochemical processes, foundation of terrestial life, [169]
- Photographic objective, [6]
- Physical sciences, [55]
- Physics, [47], [55];
- each branch of, treats of a special kind of energy, [139]
- the science of the different kinds of energy, [72];
- Physiology, [55] ff.
- Plato, his distinction between mental and physical life, [178]
- Polarity of electricity and magnetism, [155]
- Political organizations, conflicts between, [185]
- Prediction, [12]
- Pre-established harmony, [143]
- Pressure, [146], [154]
- Progress, depends on collective labor, [185];
- economy of energy, [184];
- evaluation of, [176]
- Pseudo-problems in science, [142]
- Psychology, [47], [55] ff.
- Psycho-physical parallelism, [143]
- Ptolemy's system, [117]
- Pure science, [57]
- Quantity, the science of, see Mathematics, [54]
- Radiant energy, [157];
- its importance to man, [158]
- Rational sciences, see Deductive sciences
- Rays, straight lines of, [5]
- Reaction, teleological, [173]
- Reality, [16] ff.
- Reflection, [5]
- Reflex action, [173]
- Refraction, [5]
- Repetition, basis of conscious life, [174]
- Reproduction, [165] ff.
- Roman notation, [91]
- Science, aim of, [13] ff.;
- comparison of, to a network, [42];
- comparison of, to a tree or forest, [6];
- definition of, [13];
- eternal truth of, [6] ff.;
- "for its own sake," [13] ff.;
- the facts of, unalterable, [8] ff.;
- the function of, [23], [37];
- importance of theoretical, [15];
- its procedure, [45];
- the study of happiness, [28]
- Sciences, the table of the, [54] ff.
- Scientific discoveries, independent simultaneous, [185]
- Scientific instinct, [43]
- Scientific materialism, [138]
- Scientific written language based on direct co-ordination, [93]
- Self-preservation, [180]
- Sense organs, [176] ff.
- Shakespeare, [99]
- Signs and names, [86] ff.
- Social characteristics, importance of, [179] ff.
- Social classes, conflicts between, [185]
- Socialization of human capacities, [180]
- Social order still barbarous, [185]
- Social organization, [180];
- how best obtained, [182];
- its tendency to equalize conditions, [185];
- secures permanence among specialized individuals, [181]
- Social problems, [179] ff.
- Society, [179] ff.;
- centrifugal and centripetal forces in, [181] ff.;
- division of functions in, [181]
- Sociology, [47], [55], [57]
- Solar radiation, [169]
- Soul, the, [171] ff.
- Sound signs, advantage and disadvantage of, [89] ff.
- Sound writing, [33] ff., [92] ff.
- Space, four-dimensional, 77, [note];
- homogeneity of, in horizontal direction, [121];
- the science of, [54];
- symmetrical and tri-dimensional, [118];
- time and, [118] ff.;
- tri-dimensional, [76]
- Specialization, one-sidedness of, [180] ff.
- Spelling reform, [97]
- Stable forms, [163]
- Statics, [128] ff.;
- definition of, [138] ff.
- Stationary bodies, capable of regeneration, [164]
- Stationary forms, [163]
- Substance, [132]
- Surface-energy, [146]
- Syllogism, the, classic method of argumentation, [65] ff.
- Synonym, [89]
- Table of the sciences, [54] ff.
- Telegraph, optical, [90]
- "Teleological" properties of organisms, [173]
- Teleological reaction, [173]
- Telescope, [5]
- Temperature, [148]
- Theoretical science, importance of, [15]
- Theory of functions, [111]
- Theory of numbers, [80]
- Thermo-chemistry, [37]
- Thermo-dynamics, [153]
- Thing, definition of, [62] ff.
- Thought conceived of as energetic, [178]
- Threshold, [102]
- Time, a form of inner life, [76];
- measurement of, [122];
- one-seried, or one-dimensional, [118];
- and space, [118] ff.
- Unambiguity, in language, [89];
- of co-ordination of numbers to signs, [90]
- Universal auxiliary language, [100], [183]
- Velocity, [133]
- Volume energy, [145]
- War, [185]
- Wave surface, [6]
- Wave theory of light, [5], [157]
- Weight, [132], [137] ff.;
- a substance, [138]
- Work, mechanical, [129];
- product of the force and the distance, [130];
- a substance in a limited sense, [136]
- Written language, [89] ff.
- Written signs, [90]
- Zoology, [56]
American Public Problems
EDITED BY
RALPH CURTIS RINGWALT
IMMIGRATION: And Its Effects Upon the United States
By PRESCOTT F. HALL, A.B., LL.B., Secretary of the Immigration Restriction League. 393 pp. $1.50 net. By mail, $1.65.