[A3-9-4] According to L. Kühne (Preuss. Staatszeitung, 17 Decbr., 1842), the cotton yarn consumption of Germany amounted to 561,000 cwt. per annum, of which the home spin-houses yielded 194,000 cwt. Weaving employed 311,500 workmen with 32,250,000 thalers wages, spinning only 16,300 workmen with a little over 1,000,000 thalers wages. Even if the entire yarn-want (Garnbedarf) were spun in the interior, yet spinning would stand to weaving only as 1:5 in the number of workmen, and as 1:8 in the amount of wages. Hence the tariff of the Zollverein defended by Prussia, placed the tariff on tissues (Gewebe) 25 times as high as on yarn, while their prices stood to each other as 1:3-4. List (Zollvereinsblatt, 1844, No. 40 ff.) objected that only by spinning industries of its own could Germany's cotton-tissue industries become independent; since it was a very different thing to procure the material to be worked from the many mutually competing cotton countries, rather than from an intermediate hand; and indeed, from the most powerful industrial country of the world. (Compare, however, Faucher's Vierteljahrsschrift, 1863, Bd. I.) Besides, there is the great importance of the spinning industries, in order to come into immediate connection with America, the most rapidly growing market, to influence Holland, and also to advance navigation and the manufacture of machinery. In opposition to Kühne's calculation, List says: A man who lost eyes, ears, fingers and toes, would undergo only a small loss of weight.

[A3-9-5] Special calculations on this matter in Junghanns, Fortschritt des Zollvereins (1849), I, 179.

[A3-9-6] Frederick II. threatened the prosecution of one's studies at a foreign university with a lifelong exclusion from all civil and ecclesiastical offices; and, in the case of the nobility, even with the confiscation of their property. (Mylius, C. C. M. Contin, IV, 191, Noviem C. C., I, 97.)]

INDEX TO NAMES OF AUTHORS

CITED IN THE PRINCIPLES.

[The references are to the sections.]

A.

B.