Convicted under 21 Years of Age. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899.
Convicted 42,926 43,950 38,994 38,637 39,821 43,538 39,111
Sent to the Industrial schools 3,180 3,703 3,311 4,658 4,289 4,635 4,981
Correction made for those discharged under the S. J. A.[68] 4,255 4,543 5,125 5,955 6,640 7,114 7,547
Total 50,361 52,196 47,430 49,260 50,750 55,287 51,639
To the 100,000 169.39 173.63 156.05 160.26 163.33 175.98 162.57

Finally, the following table shows of what crimes the young are guilty in England:[69]

England, 1893–1899.

Number of Persons under 21 to the 100 Convictions.
Years 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1893 to 1899.
Simple theft 45.51 47.31 44.73 44.54 44.14 45.27 43.19 44.95
Theft by domestics 41.07 43.17 40.26 43.12 42.60 42.71 40.70 41.80
House-breaking 41.27 40.65 36.83 36.67 38.83 38.30 39.86 38.91
Theft upon the person 32.93 29.73 27.53 28.77 28.95 26.85 27.68 28.93
Malicious mischief 21.51 25.95 22.89 19.98 27.22 29.29 26.82 24.80
Extortion 26.61 28.99 25.35 27.22 16.42 23.26 21.60 23.92
Crimes against morals 25.44 23.73 23.57 23.07 23.22 22.23 21.96 23.32
Crimes committed with violence 20.48 22.33 22.76 25.82 24.69 23.82 22.77 23.23
Forgery 14.01 15.56 18.62 14.34 10.63 16.74 14.64 14.93
Obtaining money by false pretenses 14.12 13.98 14.75 13.80 14.04 11.56 12.02 13.46
Counterfeiting 24.39 10.10 11.53 11.76 9.19 20.17 7.61 13.53
Assaults 14.74 14.20 13.22 12.93 12.39 13.44 11.57 13.21

[[412]]

If we take into consideration the fact that generally about 23% of the population are between the ages of 10 and 21, this table shows that persons at this age have a large part in certain of the crimes.

Austria, 1881–1899 (Crimes).[70]

Years.Number of Young Persons Convicted.
11 to 14 Years.14 to 20.Total.To the 1000 Convicted.
1881 460 5405 5865 17.5
1882 525 5258 5783 18.0
1883 525 5256 5781 19.0
1884 579 5538 6117 19.9
1885 566 5249 5815 18.8
1886 546 5287 5833 19.6
1887 625 5358 5983 20.8
1888 593 5241 5834 20.8
1889 614 5617 6231 21.8
1890 578 6001 6579 22.6
1891 650 5779 6429 22.2
1892 803 6238 7041 22.8
1893 842 5959 6801 23.2
1894 826 6378 7204 23.9
1895 766 5976 6742 23.5
1896 818 5945 6763 23.5
1897 812 6473 7285 24.5
1898 1026 7569 8595 24.9
1899 1015 6665 7680 22.8

Consequently there is here, too, both in absolute numbers and in proportion to adult crime, an increase in juvenile criminality (about 23% in 18 years). Estimates of the number of non-criminal minors are wanting to give us a complete picture. It must not be forgotten that Austrian law ranks simple theft, fraud, assault, and the like as “contraventions”, and that these do not figure in these statistics. The total figures for young criminals are consequently much higher.[71]

The following table shows of what crimes the young are guilty: [[413]]