France.

At the penitentiary Congress in Brussels (1900), M. V. Marambat, well known for his studies on the relation between criminality and alcoholism, gave the following figures:[285] [[511]]

Crimes and Misdemeanors. Number of Convicts. Number of Drunkards. %
Murder, assault, and other crimes of violence 787 649 82.4
Malicious mischief, etc. 433 344 79.4
Theft and other economic offenses 3,359 2,156 64.2
Arson 42 26 61.9
Rape and other sexual offenses 683 352 51.5
Other offenses 18 9 50.0
Total 5,322 3,536 66.4

At the same congress Dr. Malgat reported the following results of an investigation made by him in the prison at Nice:[286]

Offenses. Entered. Drinkers. %
Insults and violence to public officers 138 91 65.9
Theft 579 357 61.6
Obtaining money under false pretenses 56 34 60.7
Assaults 275 160 58.1
Vagrancy 346 196 56.6
Indecent assault 52 29 55.7
Homicide 33 18 54.5
Expelled offenders 175 95 54.2
Breach of trust 63 33 52.3
Other offenses 133 80 60.1
Total 1,850 1,093 56.3

Germany.

An inquiry made by Dr. A. Baer with regard to the inmates of the German prisons, in the period after 1870, gives the following results:[287]

Number of Prisoners.Number of Drinkers.
In General.Occasional.Habitual.
Absolute. %Absolute. %Absolute. %
Men 30,041 13,199 43.9 7,071 23.5 6,128 20.4
Women 2,796 507 18.1 198 7.1 309 11.0
Total 32,837 13,706 41.7 7,269 22.1 6,437 19.6

[[512]]

For the different crimes and misdemeanors the figures are as follows:[288]