[227] Morrison, op. cit., pp. 148–151. [↑]

[228] W. H. Douglas, “The Criminal; Some Social and Economic Aspects”, p. 106 (“Proceedings of the Royal Philosophical Society of Glasgow”, vol. XXXIII, 1901–1902). [↑]

[229] Lenz, “Die Zwangserziehung in England”, p. 38. [↑]

[230] With regard to England see also: L. Gordon Rylands, “Crime, its Causes and Remedy”, pp. 18–19, 37–42. [↑]

[231] Figured from the “Statistique pénitentiaire”, 1890–1895. [↑]

[232] Mayr, op. cit., p. 197. [↑]

[233] Mayr, op. cit., p. 282. [↑]

[234] A. von Oettingen says that in 1864 there were in France, out of 8,006 young prisoners, 60% who were illegitimate children or orphans, and 38.5% who were descended from criminals, vagrants, and prostitutes (“Moralstatistik”, p. 335). [↑]

[235] P. 17. [↑]

[236] Op. cit., p. 48. [↑]