Metrical Tests
TABLE I
| Total No. of Lines | Prose | Blank Verse | Penta- meter Rhymes | % Blank Verse w. Fem. Endings | % Run-on Lines | % Speeches Ending within the Line | No. of Light and Weak Endings | |
| L. L. L. | 2789 | 1086 | 579 | 1028 | 7.7 | 18.4 | 10.0 | 3 |
| C. of E. | 1770 | 240 | 1150 | 380 | 16.6 | 12.9 | 0.6 | 0 |
| T. G. V. | 2060 | 409 | 1510 | 116 | 18.4 | 12.4 | 5.8 | 0 |
| R. III | 3599 | 55 | 3374 | 170 | 19.5 | 13.1 | 2.9 | 4 |
| K. J. | 2553 | 2403 | 150 | 6.3 | 17.7 | 12.7 | 7 | 0 |
| R. & J. | 3002 | 405 | 2111 | 486 | 8.2 | 14.2 | 14.9 | 7 |
| M. N. D. | 2251 | 441 | 878 | 731 | 7.3 | 13.2 | 17.3 | 1 |
| R. II | 2644 | 2107 | 537 | 11.0 | 19.9 | 7.3 | 4 | 0 |
| Merch. | 2705 | 673 | 1896 | 93 | 17.6 | 21.5 | 22.2 | 7 |
| 1 Hy. IV | 3170 | 1464 | 1622 | 84 | 5.1 | 22.8 | 14.2 | 7 |
| 2 Hy. IV | 3437 | 1860 | 1417 | 74 | 16.3 | 21.4 | 16.8 | 1 |
| M. W. W. | 3018 | 2703 | 227 | 69 | 27.2 | 20.1 | 20.5 | 1 |
| Hy. V | 3320 | 1531 | 1678 | 101 | 20.5 | 21.8 | 18.3 | 2 |
| M. Ado. | 2823 | 2106 | 643 | 40 | 22.9 | 19.3 | 20.7 | 2 |
| J. C. | 2440 | 165 | 2241 | 34 | 19.7 | 19.3 | 20.3 | 10 |
| A. Y. L. I. | 2904 | 1681 | 925 | 71 | 25.5 | 17.1 | 21.6 | 2 |
| T. N. | 2684 | 1741 | 763 | 120 | 25.6 | 14.7 | 36.3 | 4 |
| T. & C. | 3423 | 1186 | 2025 | 196 | 23.8 | 27.4 | 31.3 | 6 |
| A. W. W. | 2981 | 1453 | 1234 | 280 | 29.4 | 28.4 | 74.0 | 13 |
| Hml. | 3924 | 1208 | 2490 | 81 | 22.6 | 23.1 | 51.6 | 8 |
| Meas. | 2809 | 1134 | 1574 | 73 | 26.1 | 23.0 | 51.4 | 7 |
| Oth. | 3324 | 541 | 2672 | 86 | 28.1 | 19.5 | 41.4 | 2 |
| Lear. | 3298 | 903 | 2238 | 74 | 28.5 | 29.3 | 60.9 | 6 |
| Mcb. | 1993 | 158 | 1588 | 118 | 26.3 | 36.6 | 77.2 | 23 |
| A. & C. | 3064 | 255 | 2761 | 42 | 26.5 | 43.3 | 77.5 | 99 |
| Cor. | 3392 | 829 | 2521 | 42 | 28.4 | 45.9 | 79.0 | 104 |
| Cym. | 3448 | 638 | 2505 | 107 | 30.7 | 46.0 | 85.0 | 130 |
| W. T. | 2750 | 844 | 1825 | 32.9 | 37.5 | 87.6 | 100 | 0 |
| Tmp. | 2068 | 458 | 1458 | 2 | 35.4 | 41.5 | 84.5 | 67 |
TABLE II
Collaborated Plays
| Total No. of Lines | Prose | Blank Verse | Penta- meter Rhymes | % Blank Verse w. Fem. Endings | % Run-on Lines | % Speeches Ending within the Line | No. of Light and Weak Endings | |
| 1 Hy. VI | 2693 | 0 | 2379 | 314 | 8.2 | 10.4 | 0.5 | 4 |
| 2 Hy. VI | 3032 | 448 | 2562 | 122 | 13.7 | 11.4 | 1.1 | 3 |
| 3 Hy. VI | 2904 | 0 | 2749 | 155 | 13.7 | 9.5 | 0.9 | 3 |
| T. And. | 2525 | 43 | 2338 | 144 | 8.6 | 12.0 | 2.5 | 5 |
| T. of S. | 2671 | 516 | 1971 | 169 | 17.7 | 8.1 | 3.6 | 14 |
| T. of A. | 2358 | 596 | 1560 | 184 | 24.7 | 32.5 | 62.8 | 30 (S) |
| Per. | 2386 | 418 | 1436 | 225 | 20.2 | 18.2 | 71.0 | 82 (S) |
| Hy. VIII | 2754 | 67 | 2613 | 16 | 47.3 | 46.3 | 72.4 | 84 (S) |
| T. N. K. | 2734 | 179 | 2468 | 54 | 43.7 | |||
The accompanying Tables[5] give the detailed results of investigations along these lines, and a study of the data therein contained will reveal both their possibilities and their limitations. In Tables I and II the order of the plays is approximately that of the dates of their composition (virtually the same as the dates of first performance). The second and third columns cannot be regarded as giving any clue to chronology, except that they show that in the dramas written under the influence of Marlowe prose is comparatively Metrical Testsrare. Elsewhere Shakespeare employed prose for a variety of purposes: for low comedy, as in the tavern scenes in Henry IV, and the scenes in which Sir Toby figures in Twelfth Night; for repartee, as in the wit-combats of Beatrice and Benedick; for purely intellectual and moralizing speeches, such as Hamlet's over the skull of Yorick. On the other hand, highly emotional scenes are usually in verse, as are romantic passages like the conversation of Lorenzo and Jessica in the moonlight at Belmont, or the dialogues of Fenton and Anne Page, which contrast with the realistic prose of the rest of the Merry Wives and also the artificial pastoralism of Silvius and Phœbe in As You Like It. Few absolute rules can be laid down in the matter, but study of Shakespeare's practice reveals an admirable tact in his choice of medium.
The frequency of rhyme, as shown in the fourth column, has more relation to date. While there is no very steady gradation, it is clear that in his earlier plays he used rhyme freely, while at the close of his career he had practically abandoned it. The large number of rhymes in A Midsummer-Night's Dream and Romeo and Juliet is accounted for mainly by the prevailing lyrical tone of a great part of these plays, while, on the other hand, in All's Well it probably points to survivals of an earlier first form of this comedy. It ought to be noted that, in the figures given here, the rhyming lines in the play scene in Hamlet, the vision in Cymbeline, the masque in The Tempest, and the Prologue and Epilogue of Henry VIII are not reckoned.
More significant are the percentages in columns five, six, and seven. Before 1598, feminine endings never reach twenty per cent of the total number of pentameter lines; after that date they are practically always above that number, and show a fairly steady increase to the thirty-five per cent of The Tempest. The variations of run-on lines (which, of course, carry with them the frequency of pauses within the line, and inversely the growing rarity of end-stopped lines) are closely parallel to those of the feminine endings; while the increase in the proportion of speeches ending within the line is still more striking. In The Comedy of Errors this phenomenon hardly occurs at all; in The Tempest it happens in over eighty-four per cent of the speeches, the increase being especially regular after 1598. Yet in some cases other causes are operative. Thus cuts and revisions of plays were apt to leave broken lines at the ends of speeches, and the comparatively high percentages in Love's Labour's Lost, Romeo and Juliet, and All's Well are probably in part due to these causes.