Facts and Speculations on the Origin and History of Playing Cards

by William Andrew Chatto

• Ingilby, Sir Wm., his examination on the trial, Lord De Ros versus Cumming, [295].
• Ingold, a Dominican friar, author of the Güldin Spil, [74].
• Injunctions to the clergy, 1559, against card-playing, [121].
• Interpolations of the word Cartes, in old MSS., [67-71].
• Isis, the horned, the original of the Virgin with the crescent on her head, [5].
• Italian names of the suits of French cards, [207].

• Jackanapes, the probable etymology of the word, [231-5].
• Jack at Warts—Jack o'Hearts, [235].
• James IV of Scotland a card-player, [98].
• James I of England a card-player, [126].
• Jansen's Essai sur l'Origine de la Gravure, [67].
• Jeux de Cartes, Barrington's opinion of the signification of the term, [78].
• Johanneau, Eloi, on the etymology of Naipes, and the invention of cards, [27-30].
• Johnson, Dr. Samuel, his opinion of card-playing, [302].
• Jones, Sir Wm., on Chess, [15-17].
• Jonson, Ben, his device for Abel Drugger's sign, [6].
• Juggling tricks with cards, [118].
• Junius, F., his explanation of the word Quartes, [22].
• Justus, Pascasius, his work on gaming, [115], [174], [271].

• Kartenmacher at Augsburg in 1418, [81]; at Ulm, [82].
• Knave, the original meaning of the word, [231].

• Lassale, Antoine de, author of the Chronicle of Jehan de Saintré, [68].
• Latrunculi, [12].
• Leber's, M. C., Etudes Historiques sur les Cartes à Jouer, [8], [23], [73], [85], [103], [132], [155], [211-13], [217], [220], [240-9].
• Le Normand, Mlle., the Parisian fortune-teller, [324].
• Leo X, a trick of his at cards, [174].
• List of specimens of cards published by the Society of Bibliophiles Français, Appendix, No. 1, [331].
• List of works relating to cards, Appendix, No. 2, [334].
• Locke, John, his opinion of card-playing, [302].
• Lookup, the gamester, [173-6].
• Loyola, St. Ignatius, wins, miraculously, at billiards, [292].
• Lusty Juventus, cards mentioned in, [108].
• Lyly, John, represents Cupid and Campaspe playing at cards, [123].
• Lyndsay, Sir David, satirises the card-playing of the clergy in Scotland, about 1535, [110].

• Machiavelli on Fortune, [10].
• Madden's, Sir F., Privy-purse Expenses of the Princess Mary, daughter of Henry VIII, [109].
• Magasin Pittoresque, article on cards in, [71].
• Manners in the time of Charles II, [143]; George II, [176].
• Manufacture of cards, extensive in Germany about 1450, [82]; at Venice, 1441,[194]; in England, [131], [166], [272].
• Mappa, its ancient meaning, [29].
• Margaret, daughter of Henry VII, found playing at cards by her affianced husband, James IV of Scotland, [98].
• Marks of the suits of cards, [206].
• Martius, Galeottus, speculates on the meaning of the marks of the suits, [93].
• Mary, the Princess, daughter of Henry VIII, afterwards queen, a card-player, [109].
• Mary, daughter of James II, afterwards queen, a card-player, [146].
• Mazarine, Cardinal, played at cards when dying, [310].
• Mecken, Israel van, cards supposed to be engraved by, [226].
• Meerman's reference to the chronicle of Petit-Jehan de Saintré, [68].
• Menestrier's, Père, Bibliothèque curieuse et instructive, [3], [76], [80], [151], [191].
• Meré, the Chevalier de, submits certain questions to Pascal respecting chances at play, [157]. [See the treatise on Probability, by Lubbock and Drinkwater, published by the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, p. 12; [41-50].]
• Merrels, the game of, [13].
• Meursius, de Ludis Græcorum, [5].
• Millin's description of the Marquis Girolamo's cards, [229].
• Morelli's chronicle, [73].
• Moxon's cards for carving, [156]; astronomical cards, [157].
• Murner's Chartiludium, or logical card-play, [101-5].
• Murr's, C. G. von, Journal, [75], [81], [85], [133], [226].
• "Murry neet," in Cumberland, [185].

• Nabob, the meaning of the word, [22].
• Naibi, and Naipes, speculations on the name as applied to cards, [22-9].
• Names of the suits of Hindostanee cards, [41-2]; of German, Spanish, Italian, and French cards, [228].
• —— given to coat cards, [208], [211], [215].
• —— of particular cards, [265-9].
• Nash, Beau, his reign at Bath, [171].
• Nine of Diamonds,—the Curse of Scotland, [266-8].
• Noctes Ambrosianæ., extract from, relative to card-playing, [303].

• Ombre, Barrington's conjecture as to the time of its introduction into England, [145].
• —— Pope's description of, frequently praised, [167].
• One-and-thirty, a popular game at cards in Ireland and Spain, [115].

• Pair of Cards, the old name for a pack, [269].
• Pam, the Knave of Clubs, [269].
• Pamphlets with titles borrowed from the game of cards, [138].
• Paris, Mons. Paulin, his collation of MSS. of Wm. de Guilleville's poem of the Pilgrimage of Man, [70]; his conjectures respecting the name Valery on a Knave of cards, [218].
• Parson, the, that loved gaming better than his eyes, [321].
• Paston, Margery, mentions cards as a Christmas game, about 1484, [97].
• Peignot's Analyse de Recherches sur les Cartes à jouer, [20], [69], [81], [253-6], [259], [265].
• Pepin, Nicolas, said to be the inventor of cards, [23].
• Pepys's Diary, [146].
• Perlimpimpim, the by-name of an Italian juggler in 1622, [117].
• Phaer's Book of Precedents, [121].
• Picture cards in Cotta's Card Almanac, [259].
• Piozzi, Mrs., refers to the game of the Four Kings, [20].
• Piquet, the meaning of the game explained by Père Daniel, [209].
• Platina, B., cards mentioned by, [93].
• Pollux, Julius, his account of the game of Petteia, [13].
• Pomegranate, a mark on cards, [226].
• Poupart, C., pays Gringonneur for cards in 1393, [74].
• Prayer-book, the soldier's, in a pack of cards, [321].
• Prayers, playing for, [311].
• Price of a pack of cards in the time of Roger Ascham, [133]; in the reign of Queen Anne, [167].
• Process of card-making at De La Rue and Co.'s, [272].
• Prodigal, picture of a, [163].
• Protestants of Ireland, in the reign of Queen Mary, how saved from persecution, [327].
• Pulci's Morgante Maggiore—Re di Naibi, [234].

• Quartes, [22].
• Quatuor Reges, a game so called, mentioned in the wardrobe accounts of Edward I, [18], [64].
• Queen, none in the earliest European cards, [15].
• Quire, derivation of the word, [25].

• Rabelais, translated by Urquhart, [19].
• Rabbinical treatise against gaming, [316-20].
• Reiffenberg, the Baron de, his account of a woodcut discovered at Malines, with the supposed date 1418, [86]; mistakes the Spanish sota for a female, [229].
• Rennell, Dr. Thomas, his sermon against gaining, [187].
• Republican cards, [253-6].
• Rey, M., on cards, [7].
• Ringhieri's Cento Giuochi liberali, [53].
• Rive's, the Abbé, Eclaircissements Historiques sur les Cartes à jouer, [20], [66].
• Roccha, Angelus, Commentarius contra Ludum Alearum, [61].
• Rogers represents the followers of Columbus playing at cards, [105].
• Rowlands, Sam., his Knave of Hearts, and More Knaves yet, [134-7].
• Roy's, William, satire on Cardinal Wolsey, [109].
• Russia, great consumption of cards in, [272].