The Tower of London

by William Benham

Our little systems have their day, They have their day and cease to be; They are but broken lights of Thee, And Thou, O Lord, art more than they.

Noble words of the great poet; and what student of Theology or History has not felt their truth? Strafford died a martyr to a great cause, as he honestly deemed it, namely, the good order and permanence of the kingdom, and Sir John Eliot died broken-hearted in the Tower because he resisted him, as the defender of personal liberty. Laud died because he believed in the divine mission of the Church of England, and Richard Baxter was imprisoned and persecuted as a Puritan. But the honest reader of their lives will call them both saints. William Penn wrote his “No Cross no Crown” in the Tower.

And the great Keep lifted on high above the surrounding city tells of stern strength and repression; yet this is not its message to the passers-by. The life of a great nation contains two essential elements, Permanence and Progress. And to the teeming thousands who live in sight of it, the Tower of London may speak of both. All through the centuries it has looked down upon a people who have risen to greatness; upon a nation which, beginning on an island, has become a benefactor to the whole world by loving its ancient traditions and recognizing God as its King. And its records also tell that under the hand of God this has been done by men who suffered hardships, imprisonment, violent death, to bear witness of their hope, to strive for the right, to make their country, according to their light, more worthy of its name, more conducive to the glory of God, more beneficent to mankind.

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INDEX

• Adam of Lambourne, [ 5]
• Agincourt, Battle of, [29]
• Albany, Duke of, [28]
• Albemarle, Duke of, George Monk, [80], [82]
• Alfred, King, [ 2]
• All Hallows Barking, [17], [45], [79]
• Anne, Queen, [90]
• Anne Boleyn, [11], [43], [44]
• Anne of Bohemia, Queen of Richard II, [26], [27]
• Anne of Cleves, [47]
• Anselm, Archbishop, [ 3]
• Arabella Stuart, [69]
• Arden, Escape of, [72]
• Argyll, Duke of, [93]
• Arthur, Prince of Wales, [40], [41]
• Arundel, Archbishop, [31]
• Arundel, Earls of:
• Richard Fitzalan, fourth Earl, [27;]
• Henry Fitzalan, twelfth Earl, [51], [54;]
• Philip Howard, thirteenth Earl, [62], [64;]
• Thomas Howard, fourteenth Earl, [74]
• Askew, Anne, [48]
• Atterbury, Bishop, [97]
• Austin Friars, [27], [43]
• Babington’s Conspiracy, [62]
• Bacon, Lord, [71]
• Bailly, Charles, [62]
• Baliol, John, King of Scotland, [ 7]
• Ball, John, [25]
• Balmerino, Lord, [95]
• Barton, Elizabeth, the Maid of Kent, [44]
• Barnet, Battle of, [34]
• Bayley, John, Historian of the Tower, [ 7]
• Beaufort, Henry, Bishop of Winchester, [31], [32], [33]
• Beaufort, Margaret, Countess of Richmond, [44]
• Bedford, Duke of, [32]
• Bekington, Thomas de, [11]
• Blood, Colonel, [83]
• Bona, Duchess of Orleans, [30]
• Boniface, Archbishop, [ 6]
• Bonner, Edmund, Bishop of London, [48]
• Bosworth, Battle of, [39]
• Bourchier, Robert, [ 9]
• Brackenbury, Sir Robert, [37]
• Bretigny, Peace of, [10]
• Brooke, George, [68], [69]
• Brouncker, Lord, [12]
• Bruce, David, King of Scotland, [10]
• Buckingham, Dukes of:
• Henry Stafford, second Duke, [36]
• Edward Stafford, third Duke, [42], [43]
• George Villiers, [74]
• George Villiers II, [83]
• Burchet, Peter, [63]
• Burdett, Sir Francis, [97]
• Burgundy, Duke Philip of, [29], [30]
• Charles the Bold, [40]
• Burgundy, Margaret, Duchess of, [40]
• Burleigh, Lord, [66], [69]
• Burley, Sir Simon, [26]
• Burgh, Hubert de, [ 6]
• Cade, Jack, [33]
• Caen, [ 9]
• Calais, Siege of, [ 9]
• Campion, Father, [63]
• Catherine of Valois, [29]
• Cato Street Conspiracy, [98]
• Caxton, William, [40]
• Charles I, [10], [74], [77]
• Charles II, [37], [77], [83], [86]
• Charles of Blois, [10]
• Charles VI of France, [29]
• Charles VIII, [40]
• Charles Edward, the Young Pretender, [95]
• Chertsey, Abbot of, [23]
• Clare, Gilbert de, [ 6]
• Clarence, Duke of, [34], [35]
• Cobham, Lord, Sir John Oldcastle, [30]
• Cobham, Lord, Henry Brooke, [68], [69]
• Constable of the Tower, The, [20]
• Courtenay, William, Archbishop of Canterbury, [26]
• Courtenay, Henry, Marquis of Exeter, [45], [46]
• Cranfield, Lionel, Earl of Middlesex, [77]
• Cranmer, Archbishop, [44], [47], [48], [55]
• Crecy, Battle of, [ 9], [33]
• Cromwell, Elizabeth, [80]
• Cromwell, Oliver, [18], [81]
• Cromwell, Thomas, [46]
• Cromarty, Earl of, [ 9]
• Culloden, Battle of, [95]
• Cuffe, Henry, [66], [67]
• Cumberland, Duke of, [95]
• Danes, The, [ 2]
• Darcy, Sir John, [10]
• Darnley, Lord, [20], [61]
• Davison, William, [64]
• Derwentwater, Earl of, [93]
• Despensers, The, [79]
• Dudley, Edmund, [42]
• Dudley, Lord Guildford, [53], [59]
• Edward I, [6], [ 7]
• Edward II, [ 7]
• Edward III, [ 8], [ 9]
• Edward IV, [34], [53]
• Edward V, [35]
• Edward VI, [49], [55]
• Edward, the Black Prince, [ 9], [26]
• Edwards, Talbot, [82], [83]
• Eliot, Sir John, [74], [78]
• Eleanor of Savoy, Queen of Henry III, [ 5], [11]
• Elizabeth, Queen, [43], [47], [52], [58], [59]
• Elizabeth Woodville, Queen of Edward IV, [35], [36], [53]
• Elizabeth of York, Queen of Henry VII, [41]
• Empson, Richard, [42]
• Essex, Earl of, Robert Devereux, [65], [67]
• Essex, Countess of, [73]
• Exeter, Duke of, John Holland, [12]
• Evesham, Battle of, [ 6]
• Eustace de St. Pierre, [ 9], [10]
• Fawkes, Guy, [71]
• Feckenham, John de, Abbot of Westminster, [57], [60]
• Felton, John, [76]
• Fenwick, Sir John, [88]
• Fisher, John, Bishop of Rochester, [44]
• Flambard, Ralph, Bishop of Durham, [ 3], [ 6]
• Flamsteed, John, [17]
• Froissart, [25]
• Gardiner, Stephen, Bishop of Winchester, [54], [60]
• Gaveston, Piers, [ 7]
• Gerard, John, [72]
• Glendower, Owen, [28]
• Glynne, Sir John, [80]
• Gloucester, Dukes of:
• Thomas of Woodstock, [26], [27]
• Humphrey, [32]
• Richard III, [37], [38]
• Gondomar, [70]
• Gordon, Lord George, [96]
• Grey, Lady Jane, [53], [54], [55], [58]
• Grey, Lady Catherine, [60]
• Griffin, son of Llewelyn, Prince of Wales, [ 6]
• Gundulf, Bishop of Rochester, [2], [ 3]
• Hall, Edward, the Historian, [34]
• Hamilton, James, third Marquis of, [77]
• Harley, Robert, Earl of Oxford, [92]
• Harrison, Colonel, [82]
• Harvey, Sir George, [70]
• Hastings, Lord, [36]
• Helwys, Sir Gervase, [73]
• Henry I, [ 3], [ 4]
• Henry III, [ 4], [ 5], [ 7], [13], [15], [17]
• Henry IV, [27], [28], [29], [31]
• Henry V, [29], [31]
• Henry VI, [32], [34]
• Henry VII, [21], [23], [35], [37], [38], [53]
• Henry VIII, [11], [18], [21], [39], [41-9]
• Henry, Prince of Wales, [70]
• Hertford, Earl of, Edward Seymour, [49]
• Holinshed, [55], [57]
• Holles, Denzel, [77], [78]
• Hopton, Sir Ralph, [80]
• Howard, Lord Thomas, [45], [61]
• Ireton, General, [80]
• Isabel of Valois, Queen of Richard II, [29]
• Isabella, Queen of Edward II, [ 8]
• James I, [ 4], [18], [68], [70], [73]
• James II, [83], [86]
• James I of Scotland, [28]
• James IV of Scotland, [40]
• Jane Seymour, Queen, [54]
• Jeanne d’Arc, [32]
• Jeffreys, Judge, [86], [88]
• Joan of the Tower, [ 7]
• John, King, [ 4]
• John II, King of France, [10]
• John of Eltham, [78]
• John of Gaunt, [27], [32]
• John of Vienne, [10]
• Katharine of Aragon, Queen, [40], [43]
• Katharine Howard, Queen, [47]
• Katharine Parr, Queen, [48], [50]
• Kilmarnock, Earl of, [95]
• King’s Keys, The, [22]
• “King’s Quhair,” [29]
• Lanfranc, Archbishop, [ 3]
• Laud, Archbishop, [77], [78]
• Legge, George, [14]
• Leicester, Earl of, [66]
• Lennox, Margaret Countess of, [20], [45], [61]
• Lenthall, William, [82]
• Leslie, John, Bishop of Ross, [62]
• Lewes, Battle of, [ 6]
• Lieutenant of the Tower, [21]
• Longchamp, Bishop of Ely, [ 4], [13]
• Londoun, Earl of, [77]
• Louis VIII of France, [ 4]
• Louis XI of France, [35]
• Louis XII of France, [53]
• Lovat, Simon Fraser, Lord, [96]
• Love, Christopher, [81]
• Major of the Tower, [21]
• Mandeville, Geoffrey de, [20]
• Mar, Earl of, John Erskine, [93]
• Margaret of Anjou, Queen of Henry VI, [32], [34], [35]
• Margaret, Countess of Richmond. See Beaufort
• Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy, [40]
• Marlborough, Duke of, [89], [92]
• Mary, Queen, [54], [55]
• Mary, Queen of Scots, [61]
• Matilda, Wife of King Stephen, [ 4], [11]
• Mohun, Lord, [89], [90]
• Monmouth, Duke of, [85], [86], [87]
• Montague, Lord, [46]
• Montfort, Simon de, [ 6]
• More, Sir Thomas, [37], [44]
• Mortimer, Roger de, [ 8]
• Neville, Edmund, [64]
• Nithisdale, Earl of, [93]
• Norman Conquest, [ 2]
• Norfolk, Dukes of:
• Thomas Howard, third Duke, [43], [46], [49], [54;]
• Thomas Howard, fourth Duke, [62]
• Northampton, Earls of:
• William de Bohun, [ 9]
• Henry Howard, [62]
• Northumberland, Duke of, John Dudley, [49], [50], [54]
• Northumberland, Earls of:
• Henry Percy, eighth Earl, [64]
• Henry Percy, ninth Earl, [71]
• Oates, Titus, [83]
• Oldcastle, Sir John. See Cobham, Lord
• Orleans, Charles, Duke of, [29]
• Orleans, Louis, Duke of, [29]
• Owen, Sir John, [80]
• Overbury, Sir Thomas, [72]
• Paul III, [44]
• Pepys, [82]
• Perkin Warbeck, [37], [40], [41]
• Perrot, Sir John, [64]
• Peter de Roches, Bishop of Winchester, [ 6]
• Philip VI of France, [10]
• Philip, King of Castile, [41]
• Philip II of Spain, [41]
• Philippa, Queen of Edward III, [ 9]
• Pilgrimage of Grace, [45]
• Poitiers, Battle of, [10]
• Pole, Geoffrey, [46]
• Pole, Reginald, Cardinal, [46]
• Pym, John [77], [78]
• Raleigh, Sir Walter, [65], [70]
• Reynardson, Sir Abraham, [80]
• Richard I, [ 4], [13]
• Richard II, [24-9]
• Richard III, [37], [38]
• Rivers, Lord, [35]
• Robert, Duke of Normandy, [ 3]
• Robert III, King of Scotland, [28]
• Roman Invasion, [ 1], [ 2]
• Russell, Lord William, [85], [86]
• Rye House Plot, [86]
• St. Clement Danes, [ 8]
• St. Katharine’s by the Tower, Hospital of, [11], [21], [25]
• Salisbury, Countess of, Margaret Pole, [46]
• Sancroft, Archbishop, [87]
• Say, Lord, [33]
• Segrave, Sir Samuel, [ 8]
• Selden, John, [77]
• Seven Bishops, Trial of the, [87]
• Seymour, Baron Thomas, [50]
• Seymour, Lord William, [68]
• Shaftesbury, Earl of, Anthony Ashley Cooper, first Earl, [83]
• Shakespeare, [29], [32], [37], [66], [70]
• Shrewsbury, Battle of, [28], [31]
• Simnel, Lambert, [39]
• Simon of Sudbury, [28]
• Skelton, Bevil, [88]
• Somerset, Dukes of:
• Edward Seymour, [49], [50]
• William Seymour, [68]
• Somerset, Robert Carr, Earl of, [73]
• Southampton, Earls of:
• Henry Wriothesley, second Earl, [62]
• Henry Wriothesley, third Earl, [66], [67]
• Stafford, Viscount of, William Howard, [85]
• Stafford, Thomas, [59]
• Stanley, Sir William, [41]
• Stapledon, Walter, Bishop of Exeter, [ 8]
• Starling, John, [25]
• Stephen, King, [ 4], [11]
• Stow, John, the Chronicler, [ 3], [ 7], [11], [25]
• Strafford, Earl of, Thomas Wentworth, [75], [77]
• Suffolk, Dukes of:
• William de la Pole, [33]
• Charles Brandon, [53]
• Suffolk, Earl of, Edmund de la Pole, [41], [42]
• Surrey, Earl of, Henry Howard, [49]
• Syndercombe, Miles, [81]
• Talbot, Eleanor, [36]
• Talbot, Sir Gilbert, [83]
• Tenchebrai, Battle of, [ 3]
• Tewkesbury, Battle of, [35]
• Thistlewood, Arthur, [98]
• Throckmorton, Sir John, [64]
• Throckmorton, Sir Nicholas, [65]
• Tooke, Horne, [97]
• Torture, Instruments of, [48], [63]
• Tower of London:
• Armoury, [17], [98];
• Ballium Wall, [ 3];
• Barbican, [ 3];
• Beauchamp (or Cobham) Tower, [16], [18], [27], [33], [42], [54], [61], [64], [90];
• Bell Tower, [16], [18], [42], [54], [72];
• Bloody Tower, [11], [16], [18], [74], [78], [79], [90];
• Bowyer’s Tower, [16], [35], [98];
• Brass Mount, [14];
• Brick Tower, [16], [70];
• Broad Arrow Tower, [16];
• Byward Tower, [14], [98];
• Casements, [16];
• Constable Tower, [16];
• Council Chamber, [17];
• Cradle Tower, [14], [72];
• Develin Tower, [14];
• Devereux (or Robert the Devil) Tower, [16], [19];
• Flint Tower, [16];
• Great Hall, [43], [99];
• Inner Ward, [15], [16], [18];
• Jewel House, [ 3];
• Keep, see White Tower;
• King’s House, [20], [21], [24];
• Lantern Tower, [ 5], [16], [18];
• Little Ease, [16], [65], [71];
• Lion Gate, [ 4];
• Lion Tower, [ 7], [13];
• Martin’s Tower, [16], [19];
• Menagerie, [ 4];
• Middle Tower, [13], [15], [98];
• Moat, [10], [13], [14];
• Moat, [13], [14], [15];
• North Bastion, [14];
• Outer Ward, [14], [15], [16];
• Parade, [18], [19];
• Privy Garden, [72];
• Royal Palace, [18];
• St. John’s Chapel, [ 5], [17], [28], [54], [99];
• St. Katharine’s (or Iron) Gate, [11];
• St. Peter’s Church, [ 3], [ 5], [17], [18], [66], [76];
• St. Thomas’ Tower, see Traitors’ Gate;
• Salt Tower, [16], [72], [98];
• Tower Green, [ 5], [19], [43];
• Traitors’ Gate, [ 5], [11], [13], [14], [15], [18], [45], [58], [66];
• Wakefield Tower, [16], [18], [34];
• Well Tower, [14];
• The White Tower, [ 3], [ 5], [13], [16], [18], [29], [42], [82], [99];
• Tower Hill, [19], [21], [25], [26], [41], [59], [62], [78]
• Tower Wharf, [ 5]
• Towton, Battle of, [34]
• Tullibardine, Marquis of, [95]
• Tyler, Wat, [25], [26]
• Tyrrell, Sir James, [37], [41]
• United Irishmen, [37]
• Vane, Sir Harry, [82]
• Vane, Sir Ralph, [50]
• Victoria, Queen, [97]
• Wade, Sir William, [72], [73]
• Wakefield, Battle of, [23]
• Wallace, William, [ 7]
• Walpole, Horace, [90]
• Walpole, Sir Robert, [95]
• Walsingham, Sir Francis, [66]
• Walworth, Sir William, [25]
• Warbeck, Perkin, [37], [40], [41]
• Warwick, Earls of:
• Thomas de Beauchamp, [27]
• Richard de Beauchamp, [32]
• Richard Neville, [34]
• Edward, son of Duke of Clarence, [39], [40]
• John Dudley, afterwards Duke of Northumberland, [51], [59]
• Wellington, Duke of, [98]
• Wilkes, John, [96]
• William I, [ 2], [17]
• William II, [ 3], [18]
• Wintoun, Earl of, George Seton, [93], [94]
• Wolsey, Cardinal, [11], [43], [44], [46]
• Wriothesley, Sir Thomas, [48]
• Wren, Sir Christopher, [17], [90]
• Wyatt, Sir Henry, [38], [39]
• Wyatt, Sir Thomas, [55], [58]
• Wycliffe, John, [25], [31]
• Wyndham, Sir John, [41]
• Yeomen of the Guard, [21], [22]
• York, Third Duke of, Richard, [33], [37]

Butler & Tanner, The Selwood Printing Works, Frome, and London.

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