Useful Knowledge: Volume 1. Minerals / Or, a familiar account of the various productions of nature

by William Bingley

The two villages of High and Low Harrowgate are situated in a pleasant open country, in the centre of the county of York, near the town of Knaresborough, and about 212 miles north of London.

300. MOFFAT WATER is a cold sulphureous water, the smell of which is precisely similar to that of Harrowgate water, and the taste simply saline, and without any bitterness.

Its foreign contents are common salt, together with carbonic acid gas, azotic gas, and sulphureted hydrogen gas. It is consequently very simple in its composition.

Moffat is a village situated, at the head of a valley, on the banks of the river Annan, and about fifty-six miles south-west of Edinburgh. It is surrounded by hills, some of which are very lofty. This village has obtained so much celebrity, on account of its waters, as to be considered the Harrowgate of North Britain. These issue from a rock which is at a little distance below a bog, whence, probably, they derive their sulphureous ingredients. The principal spring is contained within a stone building, and affords a sufficient quantity of water to supply every demand. It is drawn by a pump.

When the water is first taken from the well it appears somewhat milky and bluish. It sparkles a little; but, on being exposed to the air, it becomes turbid, and throws up a thin film, which, on examination, will be found pure sulphur. This change takes place even in close vessels, so that it cannot be sent to any distance with advantage.

The common people so much esteem this water that many of them drink at the rate of from six to ten quarts of it in a morning, and one instance has been stated of a person drinking thirty-two quarts of it in eight hours.

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INDEX
TO THE
FIRST VOLUME.

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• Acid, sulphuric, [12]; how made, properties and uses of, [145]
• Acid, phosphoric, [12]
• Acid, carbonic, [12]
• Acid, fluoric, [13]; how made, properties and uses of, [120]
• Acid, boracic, [13]
• Acid, muriatic, [13]; How made and uses of, [132]
• Acid, nitric, [14]; How made, and uses of, [138]
• Adamant. See [Diamond].
• Adamantine spar. See [Corundum].
• Adularia, description and uses of, [70]
• Agate, description, uses, &c. of, [61], [62]
• ——, different kinds of, [63]
• Alabaster, description and uses of, [117]
• ——, calcareous, account and uses of, [111], [112]
• Alkalies, [18]
• Alumine, [15], [123]
• Alluvial depositions, [235]
• Alum, description and uses of, [123], [124]
• ——, Roman and Roche, [123]
• ——, how procured and made, [123]
• Amalgams, what they are, [176]
• Amazon stone, description and use of, [69]
• Amber, description and history of, [161]
• ——, where found, and how wrought, [162]
• ——, uses and properties of, [163]
• ——, varnish, [163]
• ——, gum animè often mistaken for, [164]
• Amethyst, oriental, [32]
• ——, common, description and uses of, [48]
• Amianthus. See [Asbestos].
• Ammonia, muriat of. See [Sal-ammoniac].
• Antimony, description of, and whence obtained, [215]
• ——, how prepared, and uses of, [216], [217]
• ——, butter and glass of, [217]
• ——, oxides of, [217]
• Antimonial powder, of what composed, [217]
• —— wine, how prepared, and use of, [217]
• Aqua marine, description, value, and uses of, [39], [40]
• ——, where found, how cut and set, [40]
• Aqua fortis, mode of manufacturing, and uses of, [138]
• Aqua regia, of what made, [139]
• Argil, [15]
• Arsenic, description of, and whence obtained, [212]
• ——, how prepared for use, and the uses of, [213]
• ——, poisonous effects of, how counteracted, [213]
• ——, how to know from any other substance, [213]
• Asbestos, use of, for making incombustible cloth, &c., [93], [94]
• Asphalt, description of, where found, and uses of, [149], [150]
• Avanturine, description, uses, and value of, [50]
• ——, imitations of, how made, [50]
• Axestone, description and use of, [89]
• Azure stone, description and uses of, [67], [68]
• ——, imitation of, how made, [68]
• B.
• Barilla. See [Soda].
• Barium, [17]
• Barytes, description and uses of, [120]
• ——, sulphat of, [121]
• Basalt, description and uses of, [95], [96]
• Bath stone, description and uses of, [114]
• Bell metal, of what made, [188]
• Beryl. See Aqua marine:aqua-marine#.
• Betton’s British oil, what it is, [146]
• Biscuit porcelain, what it is, and how made, [75]
• Bismuth, description and uses of, [217], [218]
• ——, singular fusible metal prepared from, [218]
• ——, experiment with, illustrative of metallic crystal, [234]
• Bitumen. See [Asphalt], [149]
• ——, elastic, [149]
• Black chalk, description and use of, [80]
• ——, pencils, how made, [80]
• Black tin, what it is, [200]
• Bloodstone, description and uses of, [59]
• ——, singular specimen of, [59]
• Blue John. See [Fluor spar].
• Blende, [209]
• Bole, description and uses of, [87]
• Bologna phosphorus, or Bononian stone, how prepared, and properties of, [121]
• Boracic acid, [13]
• Borax, description of, whence and how obtained, [134]
• ——, preparation and uses of, [135]
• Bottles, how made, [55]
• Brass, how made, and uses of, [187]
• —— wire, properties and uses of, [187]
• Bricks, how made, [72]
• Brimstone. See [Sulphur].
• Bristol diamonds, [47]
• Bronze, how made, and uses of, [187]
• Burning spring, description of one in Shropshire, [147]
• Burr-stone, or millstone, description of, [44]
• ——, where found, uses of, and how split, [45]
• Buxton diamonds, [47]
• C.
• Cachalong opal, description and use of, [65]
• Calamine, description and uses of, 209-[211]
• Calcareous substances, [17], [97]
• Calcedony, description and uses of, [56], [57]
• Calcium, [18]
• Calomel, how made, and uses of, [177]
• Caloric, [9]
• Calp. See [Lias].
• Caoutchouc mineral, [149]
• Carbon, [20]
• Carbonats, [13]
• Carbonic acid, [12]
• Carbuncle, [43]
• Carnelian, description, uses, and value of, [57]
• Cat’s-eye, description of, how cut, and uses of, [50]
• Cave of Fingal, account of, [96]
• Cairn gorum crystal, whence obtained, how wrought, and uses of, [49]
• Ceruse. See [White lead].
• Chalk, description and uses of, [99]
• ——, black, description and uses of, [80]
• ——, red, how prepared, and uses of, [199]
• Chinese grotesque figures, of what made, [84]
• Choke damp in coal-mines, what it is, how produced, and how to prevent the injurious effects of, [154]
• Chrysoberyl, description, value, and uses of, [35]
• Chrysolite, description of, how cut, and uses of, [95]
• Chrysoprase, description of, how cut, imitations, and uses of, [58], [59]
• Cinnabar, artificial, how manufactured, and use of, [177]
• Cinnamon stone, [44]
• Clay, various kinds, description and uses of, [71], [72]
• Clay-slate. See [Roofing-slate].
• Coal, description of, where found, and value of, [151]
• ——, supposed origin, and various uses of, [155]
• Coal mines, account of, [152]
• Coal trade, history, &c. of, 154-[156]
• Coal, cannel, what, why so called, and uses of, [157]
• ——, stone, Kilkenny, or Glance, and Welsh, [158]
• ——, Bovey, or brown, [158]
• ——, pitch, [158]
• ——, parrot, [157]
• Cobalt, account of, whence obtained, and uses of, [220]
• ——, oxide of, [221]
• Coke, uses of, [156]
• Copper, description and ancient uses of, [183]
• ——, mines of Anglesea described, [183]
• ——, how extracted from the ore, &c., [183]
• ——, uses of, [185], [186]
• ——, vessels, in what respects pernicious, [185]
• ——, oxide of, uses of, [186]
• ——, alloys of, [186]
• ——, white, of what made, and uses of, [188]
• ——, how to gild, [172]
• ——, sulphat of. See [Vitriol, white].
• Copperas. See [Vitriol-green].
• Cornish diamonds, [47]
• Corrosive sublimate, what it is, and uses of, [177]
• Corundum, description and uses of, [34]
• Crystal, description and uses of, 45-[47]
• ——, where found, how wrought and polished, [46], [47]
• Culm, what it is, and the uses of, [157]
• D.
• Derbyshire spar. See [Fluor spar].
• Diachylon plaster, how made, and uses of, [206]
• Diamond, description of, [23]
• ——, where found, how obtained, and how known, [23], [24]
• ——, properties of, [24]
• ——, how cut, polished, and set, [26]
• ——, value and uses of, [26], [27]
• ——, account of several remarkable diamonds, [27], [28], [29]
• ——, Buxton, Cornish, and Carrara diamonds, [47], [102]
• Drawing slate. See [Black chalk].
• Dropping well at Knaresborough, [113]
• Dutch gold, how made, [187]
• Dykes, mineral, [3]
• E.
• Earth, [14]
• earthenware, how manufactured, [71]
• Eau-de-luce, of what made, [164]
• Egyptian pebble, description and uses of, [61]
• Electron of the ancients, what it was, [162]
• Emerald, description of, where found, how set, and how valued, [38]
• ——, oriental, [32]
• ——, false, [49]
• Emery, description, properties, and uses of, [33]
• ——, how prepared for use, [33]
• ——, red, [43]
• Epsom salts, description of, how made, and uses of, [126]
• F.
• Faults, in mining, what they are, [3]
• Felspar, common, description and uses of, [69]
• ——, Labrador, [69]
• Figure stone, description and uses of, [84]
• Filtering stone, of what made, [233]
• Fire damp in coal-mines, what it is, how produced, &c., [19], [153]
• Flint, description and uses of, [53], [54]
• ——, gun-flints, how made, [54]
• Florence marble, description and use of, [115]
• Fluat of lime, [119]
• Fluats, [13]
• Fluoric acid, what it is, [13]
• —— ——, how to etch on glass by means of, [120]
• —— ——, mode of obtaining, [120]
• Fluor spar, description and properties of, [119]
• —— ——, how manufactured, and the uses of, [119]
• Flux, white, of what made, [137]
• ——, black, [137]
• Freestone, description and uses of, [233]
• French chalk, description and uses of, [92]
• Fuller’s earth, description and use of, [87]
• Fulminating powder, [176]
• Fulminating silver, extraordinary properties of, [182]
• Fumigating of rooms, how effected, [133]
• Fur in tea kettles, how formed there, [114]
• G.
• Galena, what it is, [203]
• Gangue, in mining, what it is, [4]
• Garnet, precious, where found, how cut, and value of, [42], [43]
• –– ——, how set, and uses of, [42]
• ——, common, [43]
• ——, Syrian and pyrope, [43]
• Gas, what it is, [10]
• Gas lights, history and uses of, [156]
• —— ——, how produced, [156]
• –– ——, how exhibited on a small scale, [156]
• Gems, engraving, cutting, and value of, 21-[23]
• ——, imitations of, [22]
• Giant’s causeway, account of, [95]
• Gilding on iron or copper, how performed, [172]
• —— in or-moulu, what it is, [172]
• —— on silver, how performed, [172]
• —— on the edges of tea-cups, [173]
• —— wax, how made, and use of, [172]
• ——, ancient mode of, [172]
• ——, on wood, [172]
• Glass, how made, [55]
• ——, bottles, how made, [55]
• ——, window and plate, how made, [55], [56]
• ——, annealing of, the use of, [56]
• ——, how to etch on, [120]
• ——, Muscovy. See [Mica].
• Glauber salt, description of, how obtained, and uses of, [123]
• —— ——, pleasing experiment with, [134]
• Glimmer. See [Mica].
• Glucine, [16]
• Gneiss, [226]
• Gold, description and properties of, [167], [168]
• ——, how obtained from mines in America and Europe, [168]
• ——, found in Ireland and Scotland, [168], [169]
• ——, mode of extracting from the ore, [169]
• ——, value and uses of, [170]
• ——, coinage or sterling gold; and gold of the new standard, [170]
• ——, description of the stamps on gold plate, [170]
• ——, how alloyed, [170]
• ——, coinage gold of Portugal, America, France, Spain, Holland, and Morocco, [170]
• ——, trinket and pale gold, how alloyed, [170]
• ——, ductility and tenacity of, [170]
• Gold leaf, how beaten, [171]
• Gold wire, [173]
• Gold thread and lace, what they are, [173]
• Gold powder for painting, how made, [173]
• ——, Dutch, how made, [187]
• Gold-beaters’ skin, how made, and uses of, [171]
• Granite, description and uses of, [225]
• ——, various kinds of, [225]
• Goulard, of what made, [207]
• Grey-wacka, [232]
• Grindstones, of what made, [234]
• Gritstone, description and uses of, [233]
• Gun-barrels, how browned, [141]
• Gun-flints, how made, and how to choose, [54]
• Gunpowder, how made, [137]
• Gypsum. See [Alabaster].
• ——, fibrous, description and uses of, [118]
• H.
• Hair, pernicious effects of preparations to colour the, [181]
• Heliotrope. See [Bloodstone].
• Hone, or whetslate, description and use of, [80]
• Hyacinth, description and uses of, [30]
• Hydrogen, [19]
• I.
• Inflammable air, [19]
• Ink, indelible, for marking linen, how made, [181]
• ——, sympathetic, how made, [222]
• Instantaneous light, matches and bottles for procuring, how made, [145]
• Iron, description and uses of, [190]
• ——, mines, account of, [190]
• ——, how extracted from the ore, [191]
• ——, cast iron, what, and uses of, [191]
• ——, wrought iron, how made, and uses of, [191]
• ——, how preserved from rust, [193]
• ——, native, account of extraordinary masses of, [197]
• ——, magnetic, or loadstone, description and uses of, [197]
• ——, white, what, [201]
• Iron pyrites, description and uses of, [198]
• ——, how to gild on, [172]
• ——, sulphat of. See [Vitriol, green].
• J.
• Jade, description and uses of, [88]
• James’s powder, of what made, [217]
• Jargoon, description and uses of, [29]
• Jasper, description and uses of, [60]
• ——, various kinds of, [61]
• ——, agate. See [Agate].
• Jet, description, properties, and uses of, [158]
• ——, imitation of, [160]
• K.
• Kaolin, what it is, and how made, [74]
• Ketton stone, description and use of, [114]
• L.
• Labrador felspar, description and uses of, [69]
• Lapis lazuli. See [Azure stone].
• Lapis ollaris, description and use of, [90]
• Lazulite. See [Azure stone].
• Lead, description of, [203]
• ——, how extracted from the ore, [218]
• ——, pig lead, what it is, [204]
• ——, ancient and modern uses of, [204]
• ——, injurious effects of leaden vessels, [204]
• ——, alloys and oxides of, [205]
• ——, silver, how obtained from, [178], [207]
• ——, white, how manufactured, and uses of, [205]
• ——, red or minium, how manufactured, and uses of, [206]
• ——, sugar of, [207]
• ——, how detected in wine, &c., [207]
• ——, pleasing experiment with, [207]
• Lead mines, account of, [203]
• Lemnian earth, how obtained and use of, [86]
• Lias, use of for multiplying drawings, [116]
• Lime, [17]; how burnt, and various uses of, [97]
• —— water, how made, [98]
• Lime carbonat of, [99]
• Lime sulphat of, [117]
• Lime fluat of, [119]
• Limestone, description and uses of, [99]
• ——, primitive, [228]
• ——, transition, [232]
• Litharge, how made and uses of, [206]
• —— plaster, of what made, [206]
• Loadstone, description of, where found, and uses of, [197]
• Loam, description and uses of, [73]
• Looking-glasses, process of silvering, [176]
• Lunar caustic, what it is, and uses of, [181]
• Lydian stone, description and uses of, [53]
• M.
• Magnesia, how prepared and uses of, [125]
• Malachite, description and uses of, [188]
• Manganese, description of, how obtained, and uses of, [222]
• Marble, description and uses of, [100]
• ——, statuary, 102—105—[109]
• ——, Pentelic, Greek white, and Parian, [101]
• ——, Carrara, Luni, and Verde antique, [102]
• ——, Sienna, Brocatello, Mandelato, Verde di Prato, Lago Maggiore, Bretonico, and Campan, [103]
• ——, Griotte, Marquese, Sarencolin, St. Beaume or Languedoc, Breccia of the Pyrenees, [104]
• ——, white Spanish, Seville, Tortosa, Grenada, Spanish Breccia, [105]
• ——, Lumachelli, Sicilian, Swiss, Portuguese, Russian, Asiatic marble of Tabriz, African, American, [106]
• ——, Petworth, Purbeck, [107]
• ——, Babbicombe, Derbyshire, Kendal, Mona, Tirie, [108]
• ——, Assynt, Isle of Sky, Sutherland, Glen Tilt, [109]
• ——, Blairgowrie, Glenavon, Ballichulish, Blairmachyldach, [110]
• ——, mode of cutting and polishing, [111]
• ——, black, [111]
• ——, Florence, [115]
• ——, Cottam, [116]
• Marcasite. See [Pyrites].
• Marking ink, for linen, &c. how made and used, [181]
• Marl, description and uses of, [114]
• Matrix, [4]
• Meerschaum, how obtained, prepared, and used, [84]
• Mercury, the ores of, [173]
• ——, how extracted from the ore, [175]
• ——, properties and uses of, [175], [176]
• Mercury mines in India, description of, [175]
• Metals, different states in which they are found, [165]
• ——, how obtained and prepared for use, [165]
• Meteoric stones, description of, [193]
• —— ——, extraordinary instances of their falling from the air in 1492, 1672, 1704, 1795, 1814, &c., [195]
• —— ——, opinions of learned men respecting, [197]
• —— ——, properties of, [194]
• Mica, description of, how obtained, and uses of, [81]
• Mica slate, or micaceous schistus, [227]
• Millstones. See [Burr Stone].
• ——, Peak, what formed of, [233]
• ——, of granite, [225]
• Millstone grit, description and uses of, [233]
• Mineral green, of what made, [141]
• Mineral oil. See [Petroleum].
• Minerals, systematic arrangement of, [4]
• Mineral tar, description and uses of, [148], [149]
• Minium, how manufactured, and uses of, [206]
• Mochoa stone, description and use of, [63]
• —— ——, imitations of, how made, [63]
• Mona marble. See [Serpentine].
• Moonstone, description and use of, [70]
• Mountains, comparative heights of the principal, [237]
• Muriatic acid, [13]
• Muriats, [13]
• Muscovy glass. See [Mica].
• Music plates, of what made, [217]
• N.
• Naphtha, where found, uses and properties of, [146]
• Natron, description of, how obtained and uses of, [128]
• Nephrite. See [Jade].
• Nickel, description and uses of, [208]
• ——, oxide of, and for what used, [209]
• Nitrats, [14]
• Nitrat of silver, uses of, [181]
• Nitre, description of, how and whence obtained, [136]
• ——, how manufactured, and uses of, [136], [137]
• Nitric acid. See [Aqua fortis].
• Nova Mina topaz, [37]
• O.
• Ochre, red, description and uses of, [199]
• Obsidian, description and uses of, [66]
• Oil, rancidity of, how corrected, [207]
• Onyx, description and use of, [57]
• Opal, description of, where found, use and value of, [63]
• ——, imitations of, [64]
• ——, Hydrophanous, singular quality, use, and value of, [64]
• ——, Common, [65]
• ——, Mother of pearl, and wood opal, [65], [66]
• Orpiment, yellow, description and uses of, [214]
• ——, red, [214]
• Oxides, [11]
• Oxygen, [10]
• —— gas, [11]
• P.
• Paint, white, how to prevent pernicious effects of, [205]
• —— ——, made of oxide of zinc, [211]
• Paviour’s flags, of what made, [234]
• Paving stones, [225], [233]
• Pearl-ash, what it is, and how prepared, [136]
• —— white, of what made, and use of, [218]
• Pebbles, [46]
• Petrifactions. See [Tufa].
• Petrifying springs, at Knaresborough and Matlock, [113]
• Petroleum, description, properties, and uses of, [157]
• Petunzè, [69]
• Pewter, of what made, [202]
• Phosphats, [12]
• Phosphoric acid, 12-[20]
• Phosphorus, [19]
• Pinchbeck, of what made, and use of, [187]
• Pipe-clay, description and use of, [72]
• Plaster of Paris, of what made, and use of, [118]
• Plate glass, how made, [56]
• Plating of copper, &c. how performed, [180]
• Platina, description, properties, and uses of, [166], [167]
• Pompey’s pillar, of what formed, [230]
• Ponderous earth. See [Barytes].
• Porcelain-clay, description and use of, [74]
• ——, Chinese, French, and English porcelain, account of, [74]
• ——, how manufactured, glazed, and painted, [74], [75]
• ——, biscuit, how made, [47], [75]
• Porphyry, description and uses of, [229]
• Portland stone, description and use of, [114]
• Potash, description of, how obtained, and use of, [135]
• Potstone, description and use of, [90]
• Pottery, how made, [73]
• Powder blue, of what made, and use of, [222]
• Prince’s metal, what it is, and for what used, [187]
• Printer’s types, of what made, [205], [218]
• Pumice, description and use of, [67]
• Pyrites, description, properties, and uses of, [198], [199]
• Q.
• Quartz, description, properties, and uses of, [44]
• ——, rock, [231]
• Queen’s ware pottery, of what made, [73]
• Quick lime, how made, [98]
• Quicksilver. See [Mercury].
• R.
• Red chalk and Reddle, description and uses of, [199]
• Realgar, description and uses of, [214]
• Rocks, systematic arrangement of, [7], [224]
• ——, primitive, description of, [224]
• ——, secondary, [231]
• ——, transition, [232]
• ——, floetz or flat, [233]
• ——, volcanic, [235]
• Rock oil. See [Naphtha].
• Roe stone. See [Ketton stone].
• Roofing slate, description of, [76]
• —— ——, how to choose, [77]
• —— ——, Welsh and Westmoreland, [78]
• —— ——, French, [76]
• —— ——, various uses of, 77-[80]
• Rolling stones, of what made, [234]
• Rotten stone, description and use of, [76]
• Rouge, of what made, [84], [91]
• Rubellite, valuable specimen of, [41]
• Ruby, Oriental, description of, [31]
• ——, whence imported, value, properties, and uses of, [31], [32]
• ——, spinel, description, value, and uses of, [32]
• ——, Balais, [32]
• ——, false, [49]
• Ruin marble. See [Florence marble].
• S.
• Sal ammoniac, description of, how made, and uses of, [138], [139]
• Salt, common, description and uses of, [129]
• ——, mines in Poland, description of, [129]
• ——, mines in Chester, [130]
• ——, mountains of, in Spain, [130]
• —— springs, [131]
• Salt, how manufactured, [131]
• ——, bay, [132]
• ——, spirit of, how made, and uses of, [132]
• Saltpetre. See [Nitre].
• Sand, common, description and uses of, [52]
• Sandstone, [234]
• Sapphire, Oriental, description of, how cut and set, [30]
• ——, properties, value, and use of, [30], [31]
• ——, false, or water, [49]
• Sardonyx, [57]
• Scots pebbles, description and use of, [62]
• Scythe-stones, how made, [234]
• Sea froth. See [Meerschaum].
• Sea water, description and properties of, [244]
• —— ——, cause of its bitterness, and saltiness, [244]
• —— ——, uses of, [245]
• Serpentine, description and uses of, [89], [90]
• Shell silver, how prepared, [181]
• Shot, how made, [205]
• Sienite, description and uses of, [230]
• Silex, [15]
• Siliceous earth, [15]
• Silicium, [15]
• Silver, description of, [177]
• —— mines of Potosi and Norway, account of, [177], [178]
• ——, found in Scotland, [178]
• ——, extracted from lead, [178]
• ——, how extracted from its ores, [178]
• ——, value and uses of, and how alloyed, [179]
• ——, marks or stamps on silver plate explained, [179]
• ——, nitrat of, uses of, [181]
• ——, fulminating, extraordinary properties of, [182]
• ——, experiments with preparations of, [182]
• ——, how to gild, [172]
• Silver plate, how cleaned, [179]
• ——, ductility of, [179]
• Silver wire, [179]
• Silvering of looking-glasses, process of, [176]
• —— of metals, how performed, [186]
• —— of paper and wood, [181]
• Slate. See [Roofing slate], and [Writing slate].
• Slate pencils, how made, [78]
• Slickenside, extraordinary properties of, [218]
• Smalt, of what formed, and uses, [221]
• ——, strewing, [221]
• Smaragdus, [38]
• Snowdon diamonds, what they are, [47]
• Soap, how made, [127]
• Soap, boiling, illustration of, [127]
• ——, white, yellow, and soft, of what made, [128]
• —— of glass, what it is, [223]
• Soapstone. See [Steatite].
• Soda, description and uses of, [126]
• ——, carbonat of, [128]
• ——, muriat of, [129]
• ——, sulphat of, [133]
• Solder, of what made, [205]
• Soot, uses of, [156]
• Spanish chalk, [84]
• Spanish white, of what made, [100]
• Spelter. See [Zinc].
• Stalactites, description and uses of, [112]
• Stalagmite, [112]
• Steatite, description and uses of, [83]
• Steel, how made, and uses of, [192], [193]
• ——, Damascus, what, [192]
• ——, cast, how made, [192]
• ——, how to preserve from rust, [192]
• Strontian, [17]
• Stucco, of what made, [118]
• Sulphur, [19]; description of, and how manufactured, [143]
• ——, uses and properties of, [143], [144]
• ——, singular experiment with, [145]
• Sulphuric acid, how prepared, properties and uses of, [145]
• Sympathetic ink, how made and used, [222]
• T.
• Table slates, how made, [78]
• Talc, common, or Venetian, description and uses of, [91]
• ——, indurated. See [French chalk].
• Tamarind-tree, petrified. See [Woodstone].
• Tartar, emetic, how prepared, [217]
• Tea-cups, how to gild, [173]
• Tea-urns, how browned, [141]
• Thunderbolts. See [Meteoric stones].
• Tiles, how made, [72]
• Tin, description of, [200]
• ——, alloys of, [202]
• ——, block, and tin plate, what, and uses of, [200], [201]
• ——, how extracted from the ore, [200]
• Tin mines, and steam works, account of, [200]
• Tin putty, how made, and uses of, [202]
• Tin foil, how made, and uses of, [203]
• Tin-glass. See [Bismuth].
• Tincal. See [Borax].
• Tinning of iron and copper, how performed, [201]
• Tobacco pipes, how made, [73]
• —— ——, Turkish, of what made, [84]
• Topaz, description of, where found, and how obtained, [35], [36]
• ——, value, uses, and properties of, [36]
• ——, Oriental, [32]
• ——, Brazilian, Saxon, Bohemian, blue, pink, white, or Nova Mina, [37]
• Tourmaline, description and properties, and uses of, [40]
• Trap, primitive, [228]
• Tripoli, description and use of, [76]
• Tufa, description and uses of, [113], [114]
• Turkey stone, description and uses of, [81]
• Turquoise, description of, how imported, and uses of, [189]
• ——, spurious kind, how detected, [190]
• Tutenag, of what made, and uses of, [210]
• U.
• Ultramarine, how made, and uses of, [68]
• Umber, description and use of, [199]
• V.
• Verde antique marble, [102]
• Verdigris, how made, and uses of, [186]
• ——, distilled, what, and uses of, [186]
• Vermilion, what it is, and how made, [177]
• Vesuvian, description and use of, [43]
• Vienna white, of what made, [100]
• Vitriol,
• ——, blue, description of, how made and uses of, [140]
• ——, green, or iron vitriol, [199]
• ——, white, [141]
• ——, spirit of. See [Sulphuric acid].
• —— ——, pleasing experiment with, [142]
• W.
• Water, uses and analysis of, [238], [239]
• ——, rain, description and properties of, [240]
• ——, ice and snow, description, properties, and uses of, [240]
• ——, spring, river, and stagnant, 241-[245]
• ——, putrid, how to render sweet, [243]
• ——, sea, [244]
• ——, Malvern, [246]
• ——, Bristol Hot-well, [246]
• ——, Matlock and Buxton, [248]
• ——, Bath, [249]
• ——, Aix-la-Chapelle, or Aken, [250]
• ——, Borset, [252]
• ——, Vichy, [253]
• ——, Carlsbad, [254]
• ——, Sedlitz, [255]
• ——, Epsom, [256]
• ——, Seltzer, [256]
• ——, Tunbridge, [257]
• ——, Spa, [258]
• ——, Pyrmont, [259]
• ——, Cheltenham, [260]
• ——, Brighton chalybeate, [261]
• ——, Harrowgate, [262]
• ——, Moffat, [264]
• Whet-slate, description and uses of, [80]
• Whiting, of what made, [100]
• Window glass, how made, [55]
• Wine, antimonial, how prepared, and use, [217]
• ——, how to detect the adulteration of, [207]
• Woodstone, description and uses of, [51]
• Writing slates, how made, [78]
• Y.
• Yttria, [16]
• Z.
• Zaffre, what, how made, and uses of, [221]
• Zinc, whence obtained, and how extracted from the ore, [209]
• ——, uses and properties of, [210]
• ——, oxide of, used as paint, [211]
• ——, white, how prepared, [141]
• Zircon, [29]