ANIMAL PRODUCTIONS.
INTRODUCTION.
1. Animals are natural bodies which possess organization, life, sensation, and voluntary motion; and ZOOLOGY is that branch of natural science which treats of their systematic arrangement; their structure and functions; their habits of life, instincts, and uses to mankind.
2. The objects comprehended within the animal kingdom are divided into six classes: of Mammalia or Mammiferous Animals, Birds, Amphibia or Amphibious Animals, Fishes, Insects, and Worms: which are thus distinguished:
CLASSES.
| With vertebræ |  | Hot blood |  | Viviparous | I. | Mammalia. | ||
| Body |  | Oviparous | II. | Birds. | ||||
| Cold red blood | | With lungs | III. | Amphibia. | ||||
| With gills | IV. | Fishes. | ||||||
| Without vertebræ. Cold white blood | | Have antennæ. | V. | Insects. | ||||
| Have tentacula. | VI. | Worms. | ||||||
3. The first class, or MAMMALIA, consists of such animals as produce living offspring, and nourish their young ones with milk supplied from their own bodies; and it comprises both the quadrupeds and whales.
4. This class has been distributed into seven ORDERS; of primates, bruta, feræ, glires, pecora, belluæ, and cete, or whales. The characteristics of these are founded, for the most part, on the number and arrangement of the teeth; and on the form and construction of the feet, or of those parts in the seals, manati, and whales, which supply the place of feet.
| ORDERS OF MAMMALIA. | ||
| I. | Primates | Have the upper front teeth generally four in number, wedge-shaped, and parallel; and two teats situated on the breast, as the apes and monkeys. |
| II. | Bruta | Have no front teeth in either jaw; and the feet armed with strong hoof-like nails, as the elephant. |
| III. | Feræ | Have in general six front teeth in each jaw; a single canine tooth on each side in both jaws; and the grinders with conic projections, as the dogs and cats. |
| IV. | Glires | Have in each jaw two long projecting front teeth, which stand close together; and no canine teeth in either jaw, as the rats and mice. |
| V. | Pecora | Have no front teeth in the upper jaw; six or eight in the lower jaw, situated at a considerable distance from the grinders; and the feet with hoofs, as the cattle and sheep. |
| VI. | Belluæ | Have blunt wedge-shaped front teeth in both jaws; and the feet with hoofs, as the horses. |
| VII. | Cete | Have spiracles, or breaking holes on the head; fins instead of fore-feet; and a tail flattened horizontally, instead of hind feet. This order consists of the narwals, whales, cachalots, and dolphins. |