The width of the web is controlled by the distance between the deckle straps. These are adjustable, but an allowance of ten inches or so must be made for the shrinkage of the web in drying.
The preliminaries to a run of paper may be likened to the make-ready on a printing-press, though they do not, as a rule, last nearly so long. Yet this is the reason why small odd sizes and odd shades of paper are not popular with the manufacturer, unless he can get a sufficient extra price to compensate for the “make-ready” costs.
Water-marks.[C]—The water-mark in paper is effected by raised lines on the dandy roll. The design, being impressed in the moist web, displaces the fibers and leaves thin areas in the paper, which consequently show when the sheet is held against the light, as they are more translucent than the adjoining areas.
[C] The study of ancient water-marks is quite fascinating in connection with early Printers’ marks. See “A New Light on the Renaissance,” by Harold Bailey.
FOURDRINIER MACHINE, S. D. WARREN & CO.
View showing the “Fourdrinier” part of a modern book paper-machine.