Classification of castes by traditional occupation.

Class. Caste or Tribe. Strength.
Military and dominant Bhuînhâr 221,031
Jât 698,826
Râjput 3,633,843
Taga 128,563
Total 4,682,263
Cultivators Barai 153,421
Bhar 417,745
Bhurtiya 423
Dângi 2,363
Gâra 51,088
Golapûrab 9,723
Jhojha 26,847
Kâchhi 703,368
Kamboh 8,578
Khâgi 43,435
Kirâr 18,363
Kisân 364,455
Koeri 540,245
Kurmi 2,005,802
Kunjra 85,529
Lodha 1,029,225
Mâli 245,943[[cxlviii]]
Meo 10,642
Mewâti 60,332
Murâo 664,916
Râin 15,243
Râwa 25,451
Ror 4,459
Sâini 99,245
Total 6,586,841
Cattle-breeders and Graziers Ahar 244,167
Ahîr 3,917,100
Dogar 340
Gaddi 51,970
Ghosi 27,760
Gûjar 344,631
Total 4,585,968
Sheep-breeders Gadariya 929,463
Forest and Hill Tribes Baiswâr 1,898
Bhîl 190
Bhoksa 1,208
Bhuiya 849
Chero 4,883
Goli 21
Gond 8,861
Kharwâr 176[[cxlix]]
Kol 68,556
Korwa 33
Mahra 699
Majhwâr 16,268
Mânjhi 6,122
Musahar 40,662
Soiri 17,822
Sonthâl 1
Thâru 25,492
Total 193,741
Priests Brâhman 4,725,061
Mahâbrâhman 19,829
Total 4,744,890
Devotees Faqîr 623,506
Genealogists Bhât 161,144
Writers Kâyasths 514,327
Astrologers Joshi 35,069
Musicians and Ballad Singers Dafâli 42,075
Dhârhi 1,322
Dom Mirâsi 28,363
Panwariya 512
Total 72,272 [[cl]]
Dancers and Singers Barwa 1,631
Beriya 15,313
Bhagat 485
Gandharb 664
Hurkiya 801
Kathak 2,034
Paturiya 4,714
Râdha 4,354
Tawâif 22,969
Total 52,965
Actors and Mimes Bhând 4,014
Traders Banya 1,369,052
Bhâtiya 265
Bohra 1,131
Dhûsar Bhârgava 12,279
Khatri 46,250
Total 1,428,997
Pedlars Bisâti 959
Ramaiya 4,095
Total 5,054 [[cli]]
Carriers Ahiwâsi 9,502
Baidguâr 420
Banjâra 67,097
Belwâr 6,194
Nâik 2,563
Rahbâri 898
Total 86,674
Goldsmiths Sunâr 255,629
Barbers Nâi 862,273
Blacksmiths Lohâr 592,220
Na’lband 429
Total 592,649
Carpenters and Turners Barhai 559,617
Kharâdi 1,204
Total 560,821
Painters Rangsâz 1,486
Masons Râj 6,633
Brass and Copper Smiths Jastgar 13
Qala’igar 89
Kasera 7,273[[clii]]
Rangdhar 185
Thathera 21,361
Total 28,921
Tailor Darzi 228,926
Grain Parchers and Confectioners Bharbhûnja 310,216
Halwâi 96,246
Total 406,462
Perfumers, Druggists, Sellers of Betel Leaf. Gandhi 858
Tamboli 73,943
Total 74,801
Weavers Julâba 880,231
Kori 919,750
Panka 6,502
Total 1,806,483
Cloth Printers and Dyers Chhîpi 35,177
Rangrez 35,143
Total 70,320 [[cliii]]
Washermen Dhobi 658,745
Cotton Cleaners Dhuna 401,987
Kadhera 51,756
Total 453,743
Oil Pressers Teli 934,080
Potters Kumhâr 713,000
Glass and Lac Workers Chûrihâr 28,953
Lakhera 3,763
Manihâr 65,630
Potgar 12
Total 98,358
Bead Stringers Patwa 30,977
Firework Makers Âtishbâz 534
Salt and Earth Workers Biyâr 18,821
Beldâr 37,299
Dhângar 519
Ghasiyâra 198
Luniya 412,822
Total 469,659
Collectors of Goldsmiths’ Refuse. Niâriya 258 4,651 [[cliv]]
Iron Smelters Agariya 938
Saun 257
Total 1,195
Fishermen, Boatmen, Palanquin Bearers, Cooks, etc. Bargâh 918
Bargi 1,076
Bâri 69,708
Bhatiyâra 30,658
Bihishti 80,147
Châin 28,610
Gond 115,651
Gorchha 963
Kahâr 1,191,560
Kewat 315,882
Lorha 2,622
Mallâh 369,008
Mukeri 6,245
Nânbâi 2,177
Sejwâri 286
Total 2,215,511
Rice Huskers Barwâr 2,379
Kûta 4,029
Total 6,408 [[clv]]
Distillers Kalwâr 348,790
Toddy Drawers Bind 76,986
Tarmâli 27
Total 77,013
Butchers Chik 9,430
Khatîk 189,925
Qassâb 148,516
Total 347,871
Lime Burners Sunkar 1,396
Leather Workers Chamâr 5,816,487
Dabgar 1,482
Dhâlgar 8,019
Mochi 11,693
Total 5,837,681
Village Watchmen 80,574
Balâhar 2,359
Boriya 26,909
Dhânuk 146,190
Dhârhi 12,972
Khangâr 32,929
Kotwâr 97[[clvi]]
Pahriya 495
Pâsi 1,219,311
Total 1,521,836
Scavengers Bhangi 414,946
Domar 16,037
Total 430,983
Grindstone Makers and Stone Quarriers. Khumra 5,198 3,730
Knife Grinders Saiqalgar 4,206
Mat Makers and Cane Splitters. Bânsphor 17,333
Basor 25,447
Dharkâr 29,639
Dom 270,560
Dorha 68
Dusâdh 82,913
Kharot 5,641
Pankhiya 913
Tarkihâr 2,747
Total 435,261
Hunters, Fowlers, etc. Aherîya 19,768
Baheliya 33,755
Bandi 110[[clvii]]
Bangâli 1,353
Gandhîla 134
Gidiya 17
Kanjar 17,873
Total 73,010
Miscellaneous, and Disreputable Livers. Baddhik 126
Barwâr 2,703
Bâwariya 2,729
Bhântu 372
Dalera 2,223
Hâbûra 2,596
Harjala 275
Hijra 1,125
Sânsiya 4,290
Siyârmâr 1
Total 16,440
Tumblers and Acrobats Nat 63,584
Castes foreign to the Province Satgop 177
Sûd 147
Total 324 [[clviii]]
Indian Nationalities not returned by castes. Bhotiya 7,467
Mandrâji 31
Marhatta 732
Pindâri 27
Total 8,527
Sectarian Castes Nau-muslim 88,444
Sâdh 1,870
Total 90,314
Non-Indian Asiatic Races Biloch 13,672
Irâqi 11,677
Mughal 76,673
Pathân 700,393
Shaikh 1,333,566
Sayyid 242,811
Turk 4,994
Total 2,383,786
Non-Asiatic Races Armenians 54
Europeans 27,941
Habshi 194
Total 28,189 [[clix]]
Eurasians Eurasians 7,040
Christian Converts Native Christians 23,406
Castes, unspecified 22,489
Provincial Total Hindu 40,380,168
Musalmân 6,346,667
Jaina 84,601
Christian 58,441
Arya 22,053
Sikh 11,343
Buddhist 1,387
Pârsi 342
Jew 60
Brahmo 14
Deist 3
Unspecified 22
Grand Total 46,905,101

[[clxi]]

[[Contents]]

CHAPTER IV.

Tribal Nomenclature.

Territorial titles. The question of the origin of tribal nomenclature is a very interesting one, but too wide for detailed analysis at present. The broad features of it are plain enough. We have, to begin with, the territorial title. Such abound in various forms all through the tribal lists, and the preference shown for special places, raises many curious considerations. To attempt a rough classification of this kind of title, we have first those of the most general kind, such as Desi, “of the land,” and Pardesi, “from beyond the land.” Then come Pûrabi, “Eastern,” Dakkhinâha, “Southern,” Pachhiwâha, “Western,” and Uttarâha “Northern,” which are arranged in the order of their popularity. We have next names indicating geographical areas, such as Madhesiya, “residents of Madhyadesa,” “the middleland,” roughly speaking, bounded by the Himâlayas on the north, the Vindhyas on the south and along the Ganges Plain from the Panjâb frontiers to Allahâbâd. Similar to this is Antarvedi, or “those resident in the Lower Ganges-Jumna-Duâb,” from about Etâwah to the junction at Allahâbâd; and Banaudhiya, or those of South Oudh, with parts of Azamgarh, Jaunpur and Benares.

Names derived from rivers. 2. Next we have names taken from the position of tribes and clans in relation to the great rivers—Gangapâri, “those [[clxii]]beyond the Ganges,” Jumnapâri, “those beyond the Jumna,” and, most popular of all, Sarwariya, or Sarjupâri, “those beyond the Sarju.”

Names derived from famous cities. 3. Then we have a set of names derived from famous cities which have long sunk into decay, such as Kanaujiya, “those of Kanauj;” Srivastâvya, corrupted into Sibâstav or Bâtham, from Srâvasti, in North Oudh, now represented by Sahet-Mahet. Another of these ruined cities is Sankisa, in the Farrukhâbâd District, which gives its name to the Saksena Kâyasths, and to many other tribal sections. If Dhusiya is a corruption of Jhusiya it embodies the name of the old town of Jhûsi, on the Ganges, the capital of King Harbong, who is famous in folklore as the hero of many tales of the “Wise men of Gotham” type. Why Jais, now a petty town in the Râê Bareli District, gave its name to the numerous Jaiswâr sections, no one can tell, except on the supposition that it was a much more important place than it is now. The ruins and ancient mounds at Ahâr and Baran prove their former greatness. The name of the ancient kingdom of Magadha survives in that of the Magahiya Doms and many other tribal sections.

Names derived from religious sites. 4. The famous religious sites throughout the Province have naturally left their trace on the caste nomenclature—such are Ajudhya, the land of Braj, Mathura and Brindâban, Gokul and Hardwâr, Chunâr and Rajghât, which are all represented; but it is curious how little trace there is of Prayâga or Allahâbâd, and Kâshi or Benares, while [[clxiii]]places like Bindhâchal, Badarinâth, Bithûr and Batesar are not found at all.