On leaving, the men generally draw all their savings, and it is not uncommon for a grateful Kafir to press £2 or £3 on Captain Dallas in recognition of his trouble. They are astonished when their offerings are declined; still more so when it is explained that if they would put their savings in a bank they would have a few extra pounds given to them for the privilege of taking care of it.
A shrewd young Pondo, who had been coming year after year, applied for some of his savings, and gave as a reason that he wanted to buy a wife. “But you said the same thing last year,” replied Captain Dallas; “I hope nothing has happened.” “No,” said the man; “one wife, she quarrel with me; two wives, they quarrel with each other; me peace!”
Underground Workings
In the face of constant developments I can only describe the system in use at the time of my own visits in 1896 and 1905. Shafts are sunk in the solid rock at a sufficient distance from the pipe to be safe against reef movements in the open mine. In 1903 the rock shafts in the De Beers and Kimberley Mines reached depths of 2076 and 2599 feet respectively. Tunnels are driven from these shafts at different levels, about 120 feet apart, to cross the mine from west to east. These tunnels are connected by two other tunnels running north and south, one near the west side of the mine and one midway between it and the east margin of the mine. From the east and west tunnels offsets are driven to the surrounding rock. When near the rock the offsets widen into galleries, these in turn being stoped on the sides until they meet, and upwards until they break through the blue ground. The fallen reef with which the upper part of the mine is filled sinks and partially fills the open space. The workmen then stand on the fallen reef and drill the blue ground overhead, and as the roof is blasted back the debris follows. When stoping between two tunnels the blue is stoped up to the debris about midway between the two tunnels. The upper levels are worked back in advance of the lower levels, and the works assume the shape of irregular terraces. The main levels are from 90 to 120 feet apart, with intermediate levels every 30 feet. Hoisting is done from only one level at a time through the same shaft. By this ingenious method every portion of blue ground is excavated and raised to the surface, the rubbish on the top gradually sinking and taking its place.
The scene below ground in the labyrinth of galleries is bewildering in its complexity, and very unlike the popular notion of a diamond mine ([Fig. 7]). All below is dirt, mud, grime; half-naked men, dark as mahogany, lithe as athletes, dripping with perspiration, are seen in every direction, hammering, picking, shovelling, wheeling the trucks to and fro, keeping up a weird chant which rises in force and rhythm when a greater task calls for excessive muscular strain. The whole scene is more suggestive of a coal mine than a diamond mine, and all this mighty organisation, this strenuous expenditure of energy, this costly machinery, this ceaseless toil of skilled and black labour, goes on day and night, just to win a few stones wherewith to deck my lady’s finger! All to gratify the vanity of woman! “And,” interposed a lady who heard this remark, “the depravity of man!”
The Depositing Floors
Owing to the refractory character of blue ground fresh from the mines, it has to be exposed to atmospheric influences before it will pulverise under the action of water and mechanical treatment.
From the surface-boxes, into which the blue ground is tipped when it reaches the top of the main shaft, it is transferred to side-tipping trucks and sent to the depositing floors by means of endless wire-rope haulage. The speed of the haulage varies from 2½ to 4 miles per hour. The trucks are counted automatically as they are sent to the floor by a reciprocating engine-counter placed on a frame near the tramline.