The Columbia River: Its History, Its Myths, Its Scenery, Its Commerce

by William Denison Lyman

Band of Kootenai Indians, B. C.
Photo. by Allan Lean, Nelson.

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INDEX

A
Abernethy, Clark & Co., builders of steamers on Columbia, [236]
Abernethy, George, first Provisional Governor, [194]
Adams, Mount, origin of, in Indian myth, [22-24];
elevation of, [358];
caves of, [359];
sport in vicinity, [360];
structure of, [361-362];
storm on, [364];
ascent of, [365-366];
views from, [366-368]
Aguilar, Martin, Spanish explorer, [44-45]
Ainsworth, J. C., first captain of steamer Lot Whitcomb, [235];
joins new company, [237];
skill in running rapids, [243]
Albatross, ship connected with Winship enterprise, [109-11]
American Board of Foreign Missions undertakes work for Oregon Indians, [145]
Applegate, Jesse, disasters of family on Columbia River, [174];
extract from pioneer address, [178]
Armstrong, Capt. F. P., trip on Kootenai River, [280-281]
Arrow Lakes, steamboat journey on, [292];
scenery of, [293] et seq.
Arteaga, voyage on the Alaskan coast, [55]
Astor, John Jacob, founder of Pacific Fur Co., [89];
establishes company at Astoria, [113];
his plans and mistakes, [115-116]
Astoria, founding of, [120];
restored to United States, [125], [182];
amplitude of harbour, [389];
scenery of surroundings, [390];
industries of, [390-391];
fishing fleets, [392];
resorts adjoining, [393]
Astoria and Columbia River Railroad, [362]
B
Baker, Dr. D. S., railroad builder, [363-364]
Baker, D. S., the steamer, running the Dalles, [243]
Bailey Gatzert, steamer on Columbia River, [248]
Balch, Frederick, his story, The Bridge of the Gods, [22]
Bancroft, H. H., discussion of loss of Tonquin, [203]
Banff, attraction as a resort, [274]
Bannock Indian War, [233]
Barlow, S. K., building road across Cascade Mountains, [176]
Barrell, Joseph, originator of fur company at Boston, [102]
Bassett, W. F., first gold discovery in Idaho, [253]
Bateaux, description of, [134]
Baughman, Capt., pilot on Columbia and Snake Rivers, [241]
Beaver, vessel of the Pacific Fur Company, [123-124]
Beaver, first steamship on Columbia River, [235]
Beers, Alanson, members of Executive Committee of Provisional Government, [194]
“Beeswax Ship,” story of, [41-42]
Behring, Vitus, explorations on Pacific Coast, [50-51]
Belcher, Sir Edward, expedition to Columbia River, [164]
Belle, steamer on Columbia River, [236]
Benton, Thomas H., expressions in regard to Oregon, [187];
special advocate for Oregon, [197]
Bishop, B. B., steamboat builder on Columbia River, [235]

Blakeney, Capt., in charge of steamer Isabel on Upper Columbia, [278]
Blalock, Dr. N. G., connection with large enterprises, [328]
Blanchet, Rev. F. N., book on Catholic Missions, [154];
journey to Oregon, [155];
locates in Willamette Valley, [155]
Blanchet, Rev. Magloire, Catholic Mission at Walla Walla, [157]
Boas, Dr. Franz, investigator of Indian legends, [35]
Bodega, first voyage, [51];
later voyage, [55]
Bonneville, Capt. E. L. E., organises trading company, [161];
makes explorations on Columbia River, [162];
meets Washington Irving, [162]
Bradford, Daniel, steamboat building on Columbia River, [235]
Bradford & Co., steamboat line on Columbia River, [236]
Broughton, Lieut. W. R., in command of the Chatham, [62];
entrance of Columbia River and exploration, [66-67];
erroneous statements, [67-68]
Buchanan, James, course in regard to boundary of Oregon, [199]
Bullfinch, account of American fur-trade, [101]
Burnett, Peter, speech to immigrants, [169];
governor of California, [170];
opinion in regard to Provisional Government, [195]
C
Cabinet Rapids, [321]
Cabrillo, navigator on coast of California, [43]
Calhoun, John C., attitude on Oregon question, [186];
peculiar situation of, [198-199]
Cameahwait, chief of Shoshone Indians, meeting with Lewis and Clark party, [77];
finding Sacajawea, [78]
Canadian boatmen, their skill and gayety, [132-133]
Canadian Pacific Railroad, route of, over Rocky Mts., [274];
over Selkirks, [285-286];
excellence of management, [288];
steamboats on lakes, [292]
Canadian Rockies, character of, and steepness of descent, [275]
Canoes, [133]
Cape Horn, [349]
Carolina, steamer crossing Columbia Bar, [235]
Cascades, a dividing line, [340];
historic and physical interest of, [340];
locks, [341];
first notice of tide, [341];
fish-wheels and spearmen, [342]
Cascade Mountains, general description, [12-13];
the great peaks, [13-14];
valleys on east side, [14];
valleys on west side, [15-16];
cleft by Columbia River, [333]
Cass, Senator, speech in regard to Oregon, [199]
Castle Rock, unique appearance, [343];
ascents of, [344];
cave and arrowheads, [346]
Catlin, George, account of Indians who sought “Book of Life,” [138]
Cayuse War, beginning, [210];
ending, [212]
Celiast, Indian woman, [34]
Champoeg, meetings for Provisional Government, [192-193]
Chelan Lake, type of Columbian lakes, [298];
first appearance, [299];
glacial origin, [300];
depth of cañon, [300];
comparison with other scenes, [300-301];
storms on, [301-302];
sunset on, [303]
Chemeketa, the Indian council ground, [142]
Chinook wind, legend of, [24-27]
Chittenden, Major H. M., book on American fur-trade, [203]
Choteau, Pierre and Auguste, founding of St. Louis, [108]
Christian Advocate, account of Indians looking for “Book of Life,” [137]
Clark, William, lieutenant of exploring party, [73];
Indians think him “medicine man,” [82];
Indians looking for “Book of Life,” [136-137]
Clarke, Gen. N. S., in command of Columbia, [224]
Clatsop Plains, favourite resort of Indians, [34]
Clay, Henry, attitude on Oregon question, [186]

Coe, Capt. Lawrence, building steamer Colonel Wright, [235];
account of first trip on upper Columbia and Snake Rivers, [243-244]
Cœur d’Alene, Lake, as a resort, [297];
its mines, [298]
Colleges founded as result of missions, [157]
Colonel Wright, the steamer, on upper Columbia, [235];
makes first trip on upper rivers, [243-244]
Columbia Basin, forces that wrought it, [6-7];
general description, [10-15];
climate, [17-18]
Columbia River, many names, [3];
early attracts attention, [4];
connection with Kootenai River, [11];
tomanowas bridge, [21];
damming at Cascades, [21-22];
discovery by Heceta, [55];
discovered and named by Robert Gray, [64];
results of discovery, [65];
first navigation by Lewis and Clark party, [82];
falls passed by party, [83];
submerged forests, [84];
descent by Lewis and Clark, [84-85];
first sight by Hunt’s party, [95];
Tonquin on bar, [117];
forts on, [129-131];
crossing of Bar by the ship, L’Indefatigable, [156];
descent by immigrants of 1843, [172-174];
description of Bar by Provost, [184];
massacres upon, by Indians, [221];
steamboat business, [239] et seq.;
first steamboats on lower part, [235];
on upper part, [243];
railroads along, [261-262];
navigability of, [266];
prospective traffic of, [267-269];
character above Golden, [278] et seq.;
character below Golden, [285];
lakes of, [291] et seq.;
from Robson to Kettle Falls, [296];
from Kettle Falls to Wenatchee, [298];
rapids and shores from Wenatchee to Pasco, [321];
irrigating enterprises, [323-324];
between Pasco and The Dalles, [328-329];
canal, [330];
section beginning at The Dalles, [234-236];
peculiar character at Cascades, [239];
tomanowas bridge, [340];
compared with other scenes, [350];
appearance below Rooster Rock, [374];
between Portland and the ocean, [387-389];
farewell to, [396]
Columbia River Navigation Co., [237]
Columbia, the steamer, on River, [235]
Condon, Professor Thomas, geological theories, [5]
Cook, Capt. James, journey on Oregon coast, [55];
death, [56]
Cortereal, Gaspar, Straits of Anian, [43]
Coxe, account of fur-trade, [100]
Coyote god, fight with Kamiah monster, [19-21]
Coyote Head, [337]
Crooks, Ramsay, partner of Pacific Fur Co., [89];
hard experience with Indians, [96]
Culliby Lake, [42]
Cultee, Charley, Indian story teller, [35]
Curry, Governor, calling for volunteers, [221]
D
Dalles, The, historical interest of, [330];
varied resources of, [330-331];
scenery, [331]
Day, John, treatment by Indians and death, [96-97]
Dayton, Congressman, expressions about Oregon, [187]
Dawson, Professor, explanation of sources of Columbia, [278]
De Haro at Nootka, [55]
De May in battle of Pine Creek, [227]
Demers, Rev. Modest, missionary to Indians, [155]
De Smet, Rev. Pierre J., books on Catholic missions, [154];
in Northern Idaho, [155];
in Europe for reinforcements, [156];
crossing Bar, [156]
Disoway, G. P., account of Indians who sought “Book of Life,” [137]
Dixson, figures on profits of fur-trade, [102]
Donation Land Law attracts immigration, [177]
Dorion, Madame, desperate situation in Blue Mountains, [126]
Drake, Francis, explorations, [44]

E
Eagle, steamer above Cascades, [235];
rescuing victims of Indian war, [236]
Edwards, Rev. P. L., associate missionary, [141]
Eells, Rev. Cushing, missionary to Oregon Indians, [151];
locating at Tshimakain, [152]
Elliott, S. G., first railroad surveys, [259]
England, difficulty with Spain over Nootka Sound, [62]
F
Farnham, T. J., in command of Peoria party, [164];
history of Oregon and California, [164]
Ferrelo, explorations on the coast, [43]
Field, mountain resort, [276]
Fiske, Wilbur, leading missionary movements, [140]
Florida Treaty with Spain, [184]
Fonte, extravagant stories, [46]
Fort Clatsop built by Lewis and Clark, [85]
France, assistance to American colonies, [50]
Franchère, Gabriel, history of Pacific Fur Co., [118];
founding of Astoria, [120];
account of destruction of Tonquin, [203]
Fuca, Juan de, [44]
Fur-trade, beginnings, [56-57];
on Oregon coast, [60-61];
connection with discoveries, [89];
historical importance, [99];
financial profits of, [103]
G
Gale, Joseph, building of Star of Oregon, [166];
sails to California, [167];
on Executive Committee of Provisional Government, [194]
Gale, William, on ship Albatross, [109];
extract from journal, [113]
Galiano, voyage around Vancouver Island, [55]
Garnett, Major, in Yakima War, [225]
Gaston, Lieutenant, in battle of Pine Creek, [226]
Gervais, Joseph, location in Oregon, [142]
Ghent, Treaty of, [182]
Gilliam, Cornelius, in Cayuse War, [201]
Glacier, Canadian resort, [286-287]
Glacier Lake, [310]
Glacier Peak, [311]
Golden on Columbia River, [277]
Grande Ronde Valley, first view by Hunt Party, [94]
Grant, Captain, attempting to keep back American immigration, [171]
Gray, Capt. Robert, in command of Lady Washington, [60];
as a fur-trader, [61];
discovers Columbia River, [64]
Gray, W. H., history of Oregon, [147];
characteristics, [149];
four sons, [149];
estimate of population, [188];
in Provisional Government, [190-191];
steamboat enterprises, [241];
adventure on Snake River [241]
Gray, Capt. Wm. P., story of ascent of Snake River, [241];
trip down Snake River, [247]
Great Britain, claims to Oregon, [180-181]
H
Halhaltlossot, or Lawyer, [151]
Hallakallakeen (Joseph), summer camp, [297]
Hard winter of 1861, [257]
Hassalo, the steamer, [235-237]
Hassalo, No. 2, [248]
Hathaway, Felix, building schooner, Star of Oregon, [166]
Heceta, first voyage, [51];
discovery of Columbia River, [52-54]
Henry, Andrew, trading post on Snake River, [108-109]
Hickey, Capt. F., at restoration of Astoria, [125]
Hill, David, on Executive Committee of Provisional Government, [194]
Hill, J. J., railroad builder, [262]
Holladay, Ben, president of Oregon Central Railroad, [259]
Holmes, Oliver W., quotation, [275]
Hood, Mount, origin of, in Indian myth, [22-24];
first appearance of, [333];
elevation, [354];
approach to, [354];
Cloud Cap Inn, [355];
view from, [356];
historic character of view, [357];
appearance from La Camas, [376]
Hood River and Valley, appearance and productions of, [238]
Howard, General O. O., in Nez Percé War of 1877, [230];
description of Joseph, [231]
Hudson’s Bay Company, organisation of, [104];
joined with North-western Fur Co., [107];
forts, [128] et seq.;
boats and boatmen, [131-134];
policy toward Americans, [150-153];
attitude toward Provisional Government, [192], [195];
treatment of Dr. McLoughlin, [196]
Hunt, Wilson P., forms land division of Pacific Fur Co., [89];
leader in journey, [92] et seq.
I
Idaho, name of, [32];
reached by Lewis and Clark, [79-81];
first steamboat, [235];
gold discoveries, [252] et seq.;
university, [315];
irrigation systems, [317]
Illecillewaet River, [287]
Immigration of 1843, beginnings, [168];
at Fort Hall, [171];
constructing flatboats on Columbia, [173];
disasters on River, [174-175];
succoured by Dr. McLoughlin, [176];
settlement in Willamette Valley, [176]
Indians, sad history, [18];
myths, [19] et seq.;
names, [31-32];
traders in furs, [103]
Indians’, the three Nez Percé, quest for the “Book of Life,” [139]
Indian War of 1855, beginning, [219];
battle at Walla Walla, [221];
unsatisfactory end, [224]
Indian War of 1858, [225] et seq.
Inland Empire, origin, [6];
general description, [14]
Intelligencer, National, expressions in regard to Oregon, [187]
Irving, Washington, author of Astoria, [113]
J
Jason P. Flint, steamer on Columbia, [235]
Jefferson, Thomas, connection with Pacific Coast, [69-70];
organisation of Lewis and Clark expedition, [72-73];
instructions to party, [74]
Jenny Clark, steamer on Willamette, [236]
Jetty, at mouth of River, construction, [395];
prospective results, [396]
Joint Occupation Treaty, [134]
Joseph, Indian chief, in Walla Walla council, [217-218]
Joseph (Hallakallakeen), in great war of 1877, [229];
captured, [231];
later life and character, [232]
Joseph War of 1877, [229] et seq.
K
Kamiah monster, myth of, [19-21]
Kamiakin, Yakima chief, [213];
at Walla Walla Council, [214];
conspiracy to kill Governor Stevens, [216];
description of by Stevens, [216];
breaking up of treaties, [218];
new force of warriors, [220];
apparent success, [224]
Kamm, Jacob, engineer on steamer Lot Whitcomb, [235]
Keith, J., at restoration of Astoria, [125]
Kelley, Hall J., home and character, [159];
expedition to California and Oregon, [160];
return to New England, [161]
Kelley, Col. J. K., in battle of the Walla Walla, [221]
Kendrick, Capt. John, in command of the Columbia Rediviva, [60];
in fur-trade, [61]
Kettle Falls, historic interest, [296]
Kennewick, [227]
Kicking Horse River (Wapta), origin of name, [277]
Kilbourne, Ralph, builder of Star of Oregon, [166]
Kimooenim River, or Snake River, first view by Lewis and Clark party, [81]
Kip, Lieutenant, account of Walla Walla Council, [214-215]
Klickitat Indians, legends, [28-30];
atrocities of, at Cascades, [221]

Kobaiway, Indian chief, [35]
Konapee, story of, [37-39]
Kooskooskie River, discovered by the Lewis and Clark party, [79];
navigation on, by Lewis and Clark party, [81]
Kootenai River, character of navigation, [280-281];
Bonnington Falls of, [294]
Kootenai Lake, description of, [295-296];
sporting on, [296]
L
La Camas, paper mill, [375]
Ladd, Carrie, steamer on Willamette, [236]
Lamazee, or Lamazu, brings news of destruction of Tonquin, [123]
Lark, wreck of, [124]
Lausanne, Methodist mission ship, [142]
Lawyer, Indian chief favourable to whites, [214-216]
Le Breton, G. W., part in founding Provisional Government, [192]
Ledyard, John, connection with Jefferson, [70];
comprehension of fur-trade, [101]
Lee, Rev. Daniel, missionary to Indians, [141];
mission at The Dalles, [142]
Lee, Rev. Jason, missionary to Indians, [140];
locating mission at Chemawa, [142];
in the East for reinforcements, [142];
death, [143];
connection with Ewing Young, [144];
memorial to Congress, [144];
influence, [145];
lecture at Peoria, [163];
chairman of meeting of settlers, [189]
Lewis and Clark expedition, its inception by Jefferson, [71];
summary by Captain Lewis, [87];
mention of, by Jefferson, [88]
Lewis, Jo, part in Whitman massacre, [206]
Lewis, Meriwether, selection by Jefferson for leader of party, [72];
description of crossing Divide, [75]
Lewiston, founding of, [245]
Linn Senator, presenting memorials to Congress, [189];
his death, [197]
Lisa, Manuel, organises the Missouri Fur Company, [108]
Looking Glass, famous speech, [215]
Lot Whitcomb, the steamer, on Columbia River, [235]
Louise, Lake, beauties of, [274]
Louisiana Purchase, significance, [71]
M
Macbeth, Miss Kate, opinion about Indians who looked for “Book of Life,” [136-137]
Mackenzie, Alexander, expedition to Pacific Coast, [71];
journey to the Arctic Ocean, [106];
reaches Pacific Ocean, [106]
McBean, Wm., account of Walla Walla Council, [217]
McCellan, Robert, partner of Pacific Fur Company, [89]
McClellan, Geo. B., assists Stevens in reconnaissance for Pacific Railroad, [260]
McDougall, Duncan, smallpox bottle, [122];
marries daughter of Comcomly, [122];
sells out Company, [124]
McKay, Dr. W. C., physician at Pendleton, [319]
McKenzie, Donald, partner of Pacific Fur Company, [89];
leads division of party, [92];
sells out Company, [124]
McKinley, Allen, building of steamer on Columbia, [235]
McLoughlin, Dr. John, as factor of Hudson’s Bay Company, [130];
reception of Methodist missionaries, [141];
meets the Whitman party of missionaries, [150];
connection with building Star of Oregon, [166];
sees approaching success of Americans, [167];
stories connecting him with Americans, [168];
account of Provisional Government, [195];
becomes an American citizen, [196];
land troubles, [196];
sadness of old age, [196];
summary of character, [197]
Maldonado, extravagant stories, [46];
map, [48]
Maquinna, Indian chief, [202]
Martinez, voyage on coast of Oregon, [55]
Mary, steamer on Upper Columbia, [235];
rescues victims of Indian war, [236];
on her regular route, [237]

Mazama Club, influence of, [353]
Meares, Capt. John, English explorer, [44];
voyages to Oregon Coast, [58];
at mouth of Columbia, [59-60]
Meek, Jo, part in founding Provisional Government, [192]
Memaloose Island, [337]
Miller, Joseph, partner of Pacific Fur Company, [89]
Minto, John, account of founding of Provisional Government, [190]
Montcachabe, Indian who first crossed the continent, [70]
Moody, Mary, steamer, first steamer on Pend Oreille Lake, [245]
Moody, Z. F., builds steamer, [245]
Moorehouse, Major Lee, Indian photographer, [320]
Morigeau, Baptiste, pioneer on Lake Windermere, [283]
Moscow, site of University of Idaho, [315]
Moses, Indian chief, [297]
Mountain Buck, steamer on Columbia, [236]
Mountaineers’ Club, purpose and location, [353]
Mowry, Wm., report of speech by Nez Percé Indian, [139]
Multnomah, steamer on Columbia, [236]
Multnomah Falls, [348]
N
Nekahni, Mt., location of, [33];
beauty of, [39];
the “treasure ship,” [40-41]
Nelson, metropolis of the Kootenai, [294];
fruit industries of, [294];
mines of, [295];
transportation of, [295]
Nesmith, J. W., extract on immigration of 1843, [169];
account of Indian guide, Sticcus, [172];
in Indian War of 1855, [221]
Nez Percé Indians, origin of, [21];
first meeting with Lewis and Clark party, [80];
looking for “Book of Life,” [137]
Nootka Sound, discovery of, [51];
important centre, [55];
as a cause of dispute between England and Spain, [62]
North Bank Railroad, [262];
cost of, [377];
bridge, [377]
North-west Fur Company, organisation, [105];
unites with Hudson’s Bay Company, [107], [128];
in possession of Columbia Basin, [125]
O
Oak Point founded by Winship brothers, [110]
Ogden, Peter Skeen, ransoms survivors of Whitman massacre, [207]
Okanogan, the steamer, first to run Tumwater Falls, [242]
Okanogan Indians, story of, [284-285]
Oneonta Gorge, [347]
Oregon, name of, [31]
Oregon Question, its complicated and momentous character, [200]
Oregon Railroad and Navigation Co. organised, [246]
Oregon Short Line Railroad, [262]
Oregon Steam Navigation Co. organised, [237];
development of business, [238];
its portages, [238];
sells out, [246]
Oregon Transportation Co. organised, [237]
Oregonian, newspaper, influence of, [386]
Osborne, Mr., escape from Whitman massacre, [207]
P
Pacific Fur Co., organisation of, [89];
its dissolution, [125]
Paha Cliffs, [336]
Pakenham, British envoy, and his course in regard to Oregon, [199-200]
Pambrun, Pierre, instructed Indians in Catholic faith, [137]
Parker, Rev. Samuel, in Oregon to investigate condition of Indians, [145];
his traits, [146];
book, [146]
Pasco, lands around, [326];
prospects of, [327]
Patriot, Illinois, report of the Indians looking for “Book of Life,” [137]
Peacock, ship of Wilkes Expedition lost on Columbia Bar, [165]

Pearce, E. D., connection with discovery of gold in Idaho, [252]
Pearson, express rider, rides to notify Stevens of Great Yakima War, [219-220]
Pendleton, its industries and some of its citizens, [319-320]
Peoria party of immigrants, [163]
Perez, voyage of, [51]
Perkins, Rev. H. K. W., mission at The Dalles, [142]
Peupeumoxmox, Indian chief in war of 1855, [213];
leads force to Walla Walla, [214];
killed, [221]
Polk, President, management of Oregon Question, [199-200]
Poppleton, Irene Lincoln, article in Oregon Historical Quarterly, [237]
Portland developed by discovery of gold in California, [251];
location, [381];
transportation facilities, [382];
commerce, [382-383];
buildings, [384];
artistic character of, [385];
Historical Society, [385-386]
Potter, T. J., steamer on Columbia, [248]
Priest Rapids, character of, [322];
origin of name, [322];
power for pumping, [324]
Provisional Government, origin of, [190-192];
organisation of, [193];
officers of, [194];
state house for, [194]
Provost, J. B., at restoration of Astoria, [125];
agent of United States for receiving Astoria from Great Britain, [182];
describes Columbia Bar, [182-183]
Pullman, site of State College, [315]
R
Raccoon, British man-of-war at Astoria, [124]
Railroad Creek, scenery about, [309-310]
Rainier, Mt., origin of name, [32]
Rector, Wm., road across Cascade Mountains, [176]
Revelstoke, character as a junction, [292]
Rock Island Rapids, [321]
Roosevelt, Theodore, view of Calhoun’s policy in regard to Oregon, [198];
reference to Columbia River, [246]
Rooster Rock, appearance of, [349-350];
River below, [375]
Rosalia, monument of Steptoe, [315]
Ross, Alexander, adventure in Yakima country, [126-127];
narration of profits in fur-trade, [131];
on blowing up of Tonquin, [203]
Ruckle and Olmstead put steamer on Columbia, [236]
Russia, entrance upon American exploration, [50-51]
S
Sacajawea, with Lewis and Clark party, [75];
sees the whale, [85];
finds her brother, Cameahwait, [78]
St. Helens, Mt., origin of, in Indian myth, [22-24]
St. Joe River, its beauties, [297]
St. Peter’s Dome, [346]
Salmon River, Lewis and Clark party at the head of, [79]
Saltese, Cœur d’Alene chief, [226]
San José, ship connected with Indian story, [42]
Scott, Harvey, character and influence as an editor, [386]
Sea-otter, importance in the fur-trade, [100]
Señorita, steamer on Columbia, [236]
Shakspere, his location of Caliban and Ariel in the Far West, [47]
Shaw, Col. B. F., battle of Grande Ronde, [222]
Shepard, Rev. Cyrus, missionary to Indians, [141]
Sheridan, battle at Cascades, [22]
Shoshone Indians, meeting with Lewis and Clark party, [76-78]
Shuswap Indians, story of, [284-285]
Sierra Nevada, the steamship, its cargo of treasure, [239]
Simpson, S. L., extract from poem of, [380]
Smith, Rev. A. B., minister to Oregon Indians, [151];
at Kamiah, [152]

Smith, J. C., connection with gold mines in Idaho, [253]
Smith, Jedediah, American trapper thought to have taught religion to Indians, [137]
Smith, William, mate on Albatross, [109]
Snake River, orchards of, [316];
heat, [317];
irrigation systems of, [317];
Shoshone Falls of, [317]
Snow-peaks, general group of, [353];
zones of, [370-372]
Snickster, adventure in Steptoe expedition, [228]
Sowles, Capt. Cornelius, character of, [116]
Spain, connection with Oregon exploration, [48];
downfall, [48-49];
settlement of California, [49];
favouring conditions for exploration, [50];
conflict with England over Nootka, [62];
character of claims to Oregon, [180]
Spalding, Rev. H. H., in Oregon as missionary, [147];
his traits of character, [148];
among Nez Percés, [151];
first printing press west of Rocky Mountains, [152]
Spalding, Mrs. H. H., characteristics, [148]
Speelyei, Indian god, struggle with Wishpoosh, [8-9];
creates Indian tribes, [9]
Spencer Chas. D., steamer on Columbia, [248]
Spokane, remarkable character as a city, [315];
water power of Falls, [315];
grandeur as spectacle, [315];
railway system, [316]
Spokane House, location of, [315]
Spotted Eagle, remarkable speech, [223]
Star of Oregon, schooner built on Willamette River, [166];
trip to San Francisco, [167]
Stark, Benjamin, in steamboat business, [236]
Statesman, Washington, extracts in regard to Idaho mines, [255-256]
Stehekin River, cañon of, [303];
Rainbow Falls of, [305];
Horseshoe Basin of, [306]
Steptoe, Col. E. J., dissension with Stevens, [223];
fort at Walla Walla, [224];
disastrous expedition to Spokane, [225] et seq.
Stevens, Hazard, account of Walla Walla Council, [215]
Stevens, I. I., appointed Governor of Washington, [213];
makes treatise, [213];
Council at Walla Walla, [214];
goes to northern country to make treaties, [215];
describes Kamiakin, [216];
makes treaty with Flatheads, [218];
returns to Olympia, [221];
organises volunteers, [222];
second Council at Walla Walla, [222];
trouble with Steptoe, [223];
trouble with Wool, [224];
battle at Walla Walla, [224];
reconnaissance for railroad in 1853, [260]
Sticcus, Indian guide of immigrants, [172];
tries to save the Whitman Mission, [206]
Stuart, David, founding of Fort Okanogan, [121]
Stump, Capt. T. J., on first steamer down Tumwater Falls, [242]
Sturgis, profits of fur-trade, [103]
Sutter, Captain, connection with discovery of gold, [250]
Swan, data on income of furs, [103]
Swift, Jonathan, placing of Gulliver near the coast of Oregon, [47]
T
“Takhoma, Mt.,” origin of name, [32]
Tallapus, Indian deity, [33]
Tamahas, part in Whitman massacre, [206], [212]
Tamsaky, in Whitman massacre, [206];
killed, [212]
Taylor, Captain, part in battle of Pine Creek, [226]
Telaukait, part in Whitman massacre, [206]
Tenino, the steamer, value of its business, [239]
Tetons, Three, first seen by Hunt party, [81]
Thompson, David, crossing the continent, [106];
at Astoria, [121];
remains of his fort on Lake Windermere, [282]
Thompson, R. R., builds steamer Colonel Wright, [235]

Thorn, Jonathan, disposition as captain of Tonquin, [116];
tyrannical course in entering Columbia River, [117-118]
Thornton, J. Quinn, description of Oregon State House, [194]
Timothy, Nez Percé Indian guide to Steptoe’s command, save command, [226-227]
Tonquin, fitting out for Astoria, [117];
entrance of Columbia River, [118-119];
destroyed by Indians, [124];
account of capture, [203]
Touchet Valley, adaptability to orchards, [325]
Trappers, two general classes of, [90]
Treaty with England in regard to Oregon, [200]
Trevett, Vic, tomb of, [337]
Troup, Capt. James, skill in running rapids, [242];
on D. S. Baker over The Dalles, [243]
U
Umatilla Plains first seen by the Hunt expedition, [94]
Umatilla Rapids, singular character of, [328]
Union Transportation Co. organised, [237]
United States, character of claims to Oregon, [181];
notifies Great Britain to regain Astoria, [182]
V
Valdez, circumnavigation of Vancouver Island, [55]
Vancouver, Capt. George, as English commissioner, [62];
equipment for exploration, [62];
at mouth of Columbia River, [63];
meets Gray, [63];
at Columbia Bar, [66]
Vancouver Island, location of important explorations, [56-57]
Vancouver, Fort, its condition as a Hudson’s Bay post, [128-129]
Vancouver, city of historic interest, [376];
scenery, [377]
Venture, the steamer, carried over Cascades, [236]
Verendrye, first European to enter Rocky Mountains, [70]
Villard, Henry, first arrival in Oregon, [260];
railroad on Columbia River, [261];
financial disasters, [261]
Vizcaino, commander of Spanish fleet of exploration, [44]
Von Holst, opinion in regard to Calhoun’s management of the Oregon matter, [198]
W
Walker, Rev. Elkanah, missionary to Oregon Indians, [151];
at Tshimakain, [151]
Walker’s Prairie, location of first church, [315]
Walker, Wm., account of Indians who sought the “Book of Life,” [137]
Walla Walla, Fort, arrival at, by immigrants of 1843, [173]
Walla Walla City, historic nature of, [318];
appearance and surroundings, [318];
Whitman Mission, [318]
Walla Walla Council of Stevens with Indians, [213] et seq.
Wallowa Lake, beauty and historic interest of, [320]
Wallula, [328]
Wapatoo Island, first seen by Lewis and Clark party, [86];
description of, [378]
Wapta River, [277]
Wasco, steamer built on Columbia, [235];
rescues victims of Indian War, [236];
under new management, [237]
Washington, State, evidences of development, [314] et seq.;
views of, from Mt. Adams, [366] et seq.
Washington Territory, created by Congress, [212];
volunteers for Indian War, [222]
Washougal, historic interest of, [375]
Webster, Daniel, attitude on Oregon question, [186-187];
inclined to yield to England, [197]
Wehatpolitan, story of, [345]
Wenatchee, interest as an irrigated region, [314]
Whitcomb, Lot, builds steamer of same name, [235]
White, Dr. Elijah, in Oregon in 1837 as Indian agent, [142]

White, Capt. Lew, commands steamer Colonel Wright on trip up Columbia, [243-244];
launches steamer Forty-nine on Columbia, [245]
Whitman, Dr. Marcus, entrance upon work for Oregon Indians, [145];
popularity with trappers, [146];
return to New York, [146];
marriage and return to Oregon, [147];

his appearance and character, [147];
getting waggon across continent, [150];
among Cayuses, [151];
conception of value of Oregon, [153];
journey in midwinter to St. Louis, [154];
helps organise immigration of 1843, [168];
guides immigrants, [171];
doctors Indians for measles, [205];
assassinated, [206];
connection with Dr. McLoughlin, [196]
Whitman, Mrs. Narcissa, appearance and qualities, [147];
her death, [207]
Whitman massacre, [206-208]
Whitman College, [319]
Whitman County, agricultural resources of, [316]
White Salmon River and Valley, [338]
Wilkes, Lieut. Chas., commands expedition to Columbia River, [165];
establishes idea of unity of Pacific Coast, [165];
assists in equipping schooner Star of Oregon, [160];
advice to settlers about a government, [190]
Willamette River, scenery around mouth, [378];
tributaries and Valley, [380];
apostrophe to, by S. L. Simpson, [380]
Willamette Valley, general view, [15]
Willamette University grows out of mission to Indians, [143]
Williams in the Steptoe retreat, [228]
Windermere Lake, [280]
Winship brothers, project for trading company on Columbia River, [109-113]
Wishpoosh, the Beaver, Indian legend, [8]
Wool, Gen. J. E., discord with Stevens, [222], [224]
Wright, Colonel, campaign against Spokane Indians, [225], [229]
Wyeth, Nathaniel, takes Methodist missionary party across continent in 1834, [141];
commendation by Lowell, [162];
plans great enterprise on Columbia, [162];
builds fort at mouth of Willamette, [163];
attracts attention to Oregon, [163]
Y
Yakima Valley, productive capacity of, [325]
Yaktana, Indian chief in adventure with Ross, [127]
Young, Ewing, in California, [160];
drives cattle to Oregon, [161];
death of, [189]
Z
Zaltieri, map of America, [47]