CROWNED horned-work, in fortification, is a horn-work, with a crown-work before it.
CROWNS, in ancient military history, were of various uses and denominations, viz.
Oval Crown, corona ovalis, given to a general who, without effusion of blood, had conquered the enemy.
Naval Crown, corona navalis distributed to those who first should board an enemy’s ship.
Camp Crown, corona castrensis, the reward of those who first passed the palisades of, and forced an enemy’s camp.
Mural Crown, corona muralis, the recompense and mark of honor due to those who first mounted the breach at an assault of a besieged town.
Civic Crown, corona civica, more esteemed than the preceding: it was the distinguishing mark of those who had saved the life of a Roman citizen in battle. It was given to Cicero for dissipating the conspiracy of Catiline, and denied to Cæsar, because he embrued his hands in the blood of his fellow citizens.
Triumphal Crown, corona triumphalis, the symbol of victory, and presented to a general who gained any signal advantage to the republic.
Grass Crown, corona graminea was delivered by the whole Roman people to any general who had relieved an army invested or besieged by the enemy. The other crowns were distributed by the emperors and generals; this was given to Fabius by the Roman people, for obliging Hannibal to decamp from Rome.
Olive Crown, corona oliva, the symbol of peace, and presented to the negotiators of it.