4th. The best defence in works that are flanked, or where one side is defended by the fire of another, is that formed by right angles.
5th. A saliant angle should never be less than 60, and a re-entering angle than 90 degrees; nor greater than 120 degrees.
6th. The entrance to the work should always be made in the part least exposed to attack, and if possible in a re-entering angle.
7th. Endeavor to present, if possible, a larger front to the enemy than he can occupy in making the attack.
8th. Avoid all ground commanded by an eminence, either in front, flank, or rear.
9th. Never leave the rear of a work so exposed that the enemy may turn it.
10th. Always make the angles of a work in the directions least exposed to attacks, and consequently always present a front to the most exposed.
11th. The garrison should never be drawn up more than two deep; and an ordinary pace of two feet is usually allowed for each file, and from 6 to 8 paces from each piece of ordnance.
12th. If a work is so large as to be defended by a battalion or two, a reserve should be allowed of about one sixth of the number.
13th. The space within a work should always be sufficient for the men to move and lie down. Every soldier will require at least 18 square feet, and every field gun at least 216 square feet.