Variation.—The variation in size and proportions is given in [Table 2]. With the exception of one specimen having a short, broken, seventh tooth-row, all specimens have 4⁄6 tooth-rows that are like those described above. In some specimens the brown blotches on the dorsum of the caudal musculature are fused and marked with cream-colored flecks.

Comparisons.—Ptychohyla leonhardschultzei differs from all other members of the Ptychohyla euthysanota group in having a square snout, and further differs from P. spinipollex in more numerous and smaller nuptial spines and in transverse, instead of posteromedially slanting, vomerine processes between the inner nares. Ptychohyla leonhardschultzei differs from P. euthysanota in having a rostral keel and in having white flanks boldly spotted with black.

All small hylids that are sympatric with Ptychohyla leonhardschultzei are either yellow (Hyla dendroscarta and H. melanomma) or green (Hyla erythromma, which has a red eye, Hyla hazelae, which has a black line on the canthus, and Ptychohyla ignicolor, which has red flash colors on the thighs).

Life History.—This frog has been found along streams in cloud forests and in pine-oak forest. Males call from vegetation along the stream or from rocks in and at the edge of the stream. The call is a single, long, soft "wraack," repeated at intervals of anywhere from several seconds to three or four minutes. Each note has a duration of 0.62 to 0.95 of a second and a rate of 76 to 78 pulses per second; the dominant frequency falls between 2700 and 2800 cycles per second ([Pl. 11C]).

Tadpoles were found in several streams in northern Oaxaca. A tadpole having a total length of 21.1 mm. has three upper and four lower tooth-rows well developed; the fourth upper and fifth lower rows are weakly present, and the sixth lower row has not started to develop. Two metamorphosed young have snout-vent lengths of 15.2 and 15.5 mm.

Remarks.—Four specific names have been applied to this species. Ahl (1934:185) based his description of Hyla leonhardschultzei on a small, poorly preserved female. Taylor (1944:41) proposed the generic name Ptychohyla for a species (named therein as P. adipoventris) of hylid having ventrolateral glands and horn-covered nuptial spines. Obviously, Taylor was unaware that Hyla leonhardschultzei was the same species. Earlier Taylor (1937:46) described Hyla pinorum. The types of all of these species came from the Pacific slopes of the Sierra del Sur in Guerrero. Examination of the types and other available specimens shows that they are representatives of a single species. The type of Hyla pinorum is an immature male having a snout-vent length of 26.7 mm. All of these specimens have the square snout and black and white flanks characteristic of [Ptychohyla leonhardschultzei]. Although Shannon (1951:473) based his description of Hyla milleri on a male having well-developed ventrolateral glands, he overlooked the presence of these glands in his description and discussion of relationships. The acquisition of more specimens from northern Oaxaca has shown that Hyla milleri is the same as Ptychohyla leonhardschultzei.

Distribution.—This species is known from pine-oak forest and cloud forest on the Pacific slopes of the Sierra Madre del Sur in Guerrero and Oaxaca and from the Atlantic slopes of the Sierra Madre Oriental in northern Oaxaca. Specimens have been collected at elevations between 700 and 1650 meters. Probably the species occurs in humid forests at similar elevations around the eastern end of the Mexican Highlands in Oaxaca.

Specimens examined.—Mexico: Guerrero: Agua del Obispo, CNHM 123489-90, 126651, 106300, MCZ 29639, UIMNH 25047, 25049, USNM 114551; Malinaltepec, ZMB 34351, 34353. Oaxaca: 2.5 km. N of La Soledad, KU 58061; San Lucas Camotlán, UIMNH 3201, USNM 123700-1; Vista Hermosa, KU 64116-7, 64119, 68560 (tadpoles), 71344, 71717-8 (tadpoles), UMMZ 119604; 5 km. S of Yetla, KU 60045 (tadpoles); 7.5 km. S of Yetla, KU 64118, 68556-7 (tadpoles), 68559 (tadpoles), 68561 (2 young), 68630 (skeleton), UMMZ 115514-5, 118863 (tadpoles); 9 km. S of Yetla, KU 68558 (tadpoles).

Plate 15

Click to View Larger. 		Ptychohyla spinipollex (Schmidt) Hyla euthysanota, Dunn and Emlen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 84:25, March 22, 1932. Hyla spinipollex Schmidt, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 49:45-46, May 1, 1936 [Holotype.—MCZ 21300 from the mountains behind Ceiba, Depto. Atlantidad, Honduras; Raymond E. Stadelman collector]. Stuart, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, 69:32-34, figs. 5-6, June 12, 1948; Contr. Lab. Vert. Biol. Univ. Michigan, 45:22, 52, 54, 57, May, 1950; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 67:169, August 5, 1954. Ptychohyla spinipollex, Stuart, Contr. Lab. Vert. Biol. Univ. Michigan, 68:48, November, 1954. Duellman, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 13:351, April 27, 1961.