DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE.
[1]. Extract from Agas’s Civitas Londinum, showing the neighbourhood of St. Giles-in-the-Fields circ. 1560–70.
[2]. Purse Field circ. 1609, from a deed dated 1650 in the Public Record Office.
[3]. Extract from Map by Hollar of the area now forming the West Central District of London, showing the neighbourhood of St. Giles-in-the-Fields circ. 1658.
[4]. Extract from Map by Fairthorne and Newcourt showing the neighbourhood of St. Giles-in-the-Fields in 1658.
[5]. Map of the Parish of St. Giles-in-the-Fields circ. 1720 from Strype’s edition of Stow.
[6]. Plan of the Parishes of St. Giles-in-the-Fields and St. George Bloomsbury by Hewett, 1815.
[7]. No. 3, Gate Street, Joinery Details on First Floor Measured Drawing.
[8]. No. 211, High Holborn, Shop Front Photograph.
[9]. No. 181, High Holborn, Shop Front Photograph.
[10]. No. 172, High Holborn, Shop Front Photograph.
[11]. No. 1, Sardinia Street Photograph.
No. 18, Parker Street Photograph.
[12]. No. 2, Great Queen Street, Mahogany Staircase Measured Drawing.
[13]. No. 2, Great Queen Street, Details of Staircase Measured Drawing.
[14]. Nos. 27 and 28, Great Queen Street, Entrance Doorcases Measured Drawing.
[15]. Lead Rainwater Heads and Cisterns Measured Drawing.
No. 16, Little Wild Street, Carved Deal Mantel Shelf Measured Drawing.
[16]. Nos. 55 and 56, Great Queen Street in 1846, from a watercolour by J. W. Archer, “House called Queen Anne’s Wardrobe,” preserved in the British Museum Photograph.
“House of the Sardinia Ambassador, Lincoln’s Inn Fields,” from a watercolour (1858) by J. W. Archer, preserved in the British Museum Photograph.
[17]. Nos. 55 and 56, Great Queen Street, Ground, First and Second Floor Plans Measured Drawing.
[18]. Nos. 55 and 56, Great Queen Street, Elevation. Reproduced by kind permission of B. T. Batsford, Ltd., from Later Renaissance Architecture in England by John Belcher and Mervyn E. Macartney. Measured Drawing by James C. Cook.
[19]. Nos. 55 and 56, Great Queen Street (May 1906) Photograph.
[20]. No. 55, Great Queen Street, Staircase Photograph.
[21]. Nos. 55 and 56, Great Queen Street, Details of Staircases Measured Drawing.
[22]. Freemasons’ Hall, Elevation in 1779 Photograph.
Freemasons’ Hall, Plan of Premises before 1779 Photograph.
  (Both are reproduced by kind permission of the Grand Lodge from engravings in their possession.)
[23]. Freemasons’ Hall in 1811 (Façade designed by W. Tyler in 1785), from an Engraving by S. Rawle after I. Nixon Photograph.
[24]. Freemasons’ Hall, Façade (designed by F. P. Cockerell, 1866) Photograph.
[25]. Freemasons’ Hall, Elevation of North end of Temple in 1775 (designed by Thos. Sandby), from an original drawing preserved in the British Museum Photograph.
[26]. Freemasons’ Hall, the Temple looking South Photograph.
[27]. Freemasons’ Hall, “View of the new Masonic Hall, looking South,” from an original pen sketch design by Sir J. Soane, 1828, preserved in the Soane Museum Photograph.
[28]. Freemasons’ Hall, Grand Staircase Photograph.
Freemasons’ Hall, Vestibule to Temple Photograph.
[29]. Markmasons’ Hall, Chimneypiece in Boardroom Photograph.
[30]. Markmasons’ Hall, Ceiling in Boardroom Photograph.
[31]. Markmasons’ Hall, Ceiling in Grand Secretary’s Room Photograph.
[32]. Great Queen Street Chapel, Exterior Photograph.
[33]. Great Queen Street Chapel, Interior from the Gallery Photograph.
[34]. Little Wild Street, View looking North-east (1906) Photograph.
[35]. No. 24, Betterton Street, Entrance Doorcase Measured Drawing.
[36]. No. 32, Betterton Street, Entrance Doorcase Photograph.
[37]. “Queen Anne’s Bath,” No. 25, Endell Street, from a watercolour drawing by J. W. Archer (1844), preserved in the British Museum Photograph.
[38]. “The Bowl Brewery,” from a watercolour drawing by J. W. Archer (1846), preserved in the British Museum Photograph.
[39]. Plan of proposed setting out of Seven Dials, from a drawing on parchment preserved in the Holborn Public Library Drawing.
[40]. Seven Dials Column at Weybridge Photograph.
[41]. Little Earl Street looking East Photograph.
[42]. Nos. 14 to 16, New Compton Street, Shop Fronts Photographs.
[43]. Church of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, Ground Plan Measured Drawing.
[44]. Church of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, Plan of Ceiling Measured Drawing.
[45]. Church of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, West Front, reproduced by kind permission of H. Cecil Newman Measured Drawing by H. Cecil Newman.
[46]. Church of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, Cross Section, reproduced by kind permission of H. Cecil Newman Measured Drawing by H. Cecil Newman.
[47]. Church of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, Exterior from the North-west Photograph.
[48]. Church of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, Exterior from the North-east Photograph.
[49]. Church of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, Interior, looking East, 1753. From an engraving by A. Walker after J. Donowell Photograph.
[50]. Church of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, Interior, looking West Photograph.
[51]. Church of St. Giles-in-the-Fields: (a) Columns and Ceiling, (b) Altarpiece Photographs.
[52]. Church of St. Giles-in-the-Fields: (a) Carved Oak Frame with Picture of Moses, (b) Painted Glass Panel, probably from former Church Photographs.
[53]. Church of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, Lich Gate to Churchyard Measured Drawing.
[54]. Church of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, Oak Panel (“Resurrection”) in lich gate Photograph.
[55]. Church of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, Vestry Photograph.
[56]. No. 5, Denmark Street, Details of Staircase Measured Drawing.
[57]. No. 7, Denmark Street, Doorcase Measured Drawing.
[58]. No. 7, Denmark Street, Details of Staircase Measured Drawing.
[59]. Nos. 10 and 11, Denmark Street Photograph.
[60]. Denmark Passage, Blacksmith’s Forge Photograph.
[61]. Bedford Square, South Side Photograph.
[62]. No. 1, Bedford Square, Ground and First Floor Plans Measured Drawing.
[63]. No. 1, Bedford Square, Front View Photograph.
[64]. No. 1, Bedford Square, Entrance Doorway Measured Drawing.
[65]. No. 1, Bedford Square: Entrance Hall (a) looking South, (b) showing Staircase Photographs.
[66]. No. 1, Bedford Square, Ceiling in Entrance Hall Photograph.
[67]. No. 1, Bedford Square, Chimney Breast, Rear Room, Ground Floor Photograph.
[68]. No. 1, Bedford Square, Plaster Ceiling, with Painted Panels, Rear Room, First Floor Photograph.
[69]. No. 6, Bedford Square, Ground and First Floor Plans Measured Drawing.
[70]. No. 6, Bedford Square, Lantern over Staircase Photograph.
[71]. No. 6, Bedford Square, Chimneypiece, Front Room, First Floor Photograph.
[72]. No. 9, Bedford Square, Plaster Plaques: (a) On Chimney Breast, Front Room, Ground Floor; (b) On Chimney Breast, Rear Room, Ground Floor; (c) Over Door, Front Room, Ground Floor Photographs.
[73]. No. 9, Bedford Square, Plaster Ceiling, Front Room, First Floor Photograph.
[74]. No. 10, Bedford Square, Plaster Ceiling with Painted Panels, Front Room, First Floor Photograph.
[75]. No. 11, Bedford Square, Ground and First Floor Plans Measured Drawing.
[76]. No. 11, Bedford Square, Exterior Photograph.
[77]. No. 11, Bedford Square, Chimneypiece, Front Room, Ground Floor Photograph.
[78]. No. 13, Bedford Square, Plaster Ceiling with Painted Panels, Front Room, First Floor Photograph.
[79]. No. 14, Bedford Square, Ceiling, Front Room, First Floor Photograph.
[80]. No. 15, Bedford Square, Entrance Doorway Photograph.
[81]. No. 18, Bedford Square, Chimneypiece, Front Room, Ground Floor Photograph.
[82]. No. 23, Bedford Square, Doors and Doorcase, Front Room, Ground Floor Photograph.
[83]. No. 25, Bedford Square: (a) Chimney Breast, (b) Alcove, Front Room, Ground Floor Photographs.
[84]. No. 25, Bedford Square, Chimneypieces: (a) Front Room, First Floor; (b) Rear Room, First Floor Photographs.
[85]. No. 25, Bedford Square, Plaster Ceiling with Painted Panels, Rear Room, First Floor Photograph.
[86]. No. 28, Bedford Square: (a) Chimneypiece; (b) Detail of Central Panel; Front Room, Ground Floor Photographs.
[87]. No. 30, Bedford Square, Ceiling, Front Room, First Floor Photograph.
[88]. No. 31, Bedford Square, Ceiling, Rear Room, First Floor Photograph.
[89]. No. 32, Bedford Square, Front Elevation Measured Drawing.
[90]. No. 32, Bedford Square, Screen in Hall Photograph.
[91]. No. 32, Bedford Square: (a) Panel of Chimneypiece, Rear Room, First Floor; (b) Detail of Chimneypiece, Rear Room, Ground Floor Photographs.
[92]. No. 32, Bedford Square, Ceilings: (a) Rear Room, Ground Floor; (b) Rear Room, First Floor Photographs.
[93]. No. 40, Bedford Square, Plaster Plaque, Front Room, Ground Floor Photograph.
[94]. No. 40, Bedford Square, Plaster Ceiling with Painted Panels, Front Room, First Floor Photograph.
[95]. No. 41, Bedford Square, Chimneypieces: (a) Rear Room, First Floor; (b) Front Room, First Floor Photographs.
[96]. No. 44, Bedford Square, Ceiling, Front Room, First Floor Photograph.
[97]. Nos. 46–47, Bedford Square, Exterior Photograph.
[98]. No. 46, Bedford Square, Chimneypieces: (a) Front Room, Ground Floor; (b) Front Room, First Floor Photographs.
[99]. No. 47, Bedford Square, Entrance Doorcase Measured and Drawn by P. K. Kipps.
[100]. No. 47, Bedford Square: (a) Ceiling over Staircase; (b) Chimneypiece, Front Room, First Floor Photographs.
[101]. No. 47, Bedford Square, Ceiling, Front Room, First Floor Photograph.
[102]. No. 48, Bedford Square, Chimneypiece, Front Room, First Floor Photograph.
[103]. No. 48, Bedford Square, Ceiling, Front Room, First Floor Photograph.
[104]. No. 50, Bedford Square, Fanlight in Entrance Hall Photograph.
[105]. No. 51, Bedford Square, Ceiling, Front Room, First Floor Photograph.
[106]. (a) No. 68, Gower Street; (b) No. 84, Gower Street, Doorcases Photographs.
[107]. House in rear of No. 196, Tottenham Court Road: (a) Exterior; (b) Chimneypiece, Front Room, First Floor Photographs.

ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT.

PAGE
1.Stone Boundary Tablet (1691) from No. 2, Sheffield Street[2]
2.Rough Plan of High Holborn between the Turnstiles, circ. 1590[4]
3.Stone Tablet (1671), formerly on No. 27, Goldsmith Street[21]
4.Stone Tablet (1765), formerly on flank wall of No. 166, Drury Lane[31]
5.Deal Stair Bracket to Outer String to No. 27, Great Queen Street[41]
6.Signature of Wm. Newton[43]
7.Nos. 55–58, Great Queen Street. Sketch by J. Nash (1840), reproduced from The Growth of the English House, by J. Alfred Gotch, by kind permission of B. T. Batsford, Ltd.[48]
8.The Disastrous Fire at Freemasons’ Hall, Great Queen Street—the scene of the conflagration (1883), from a woodcut in the Illustrated London News[62]
9.Freemasons’ Hall, Plan of Principal Floor before the alterations of 1899[64]
10.Cast-iron Hob Grates from Nos. 6 and 7, Wild Court[99]
11.Wooden Key at No. 56, Castle Street[114]
12.All Saints’ Church, West Street, Exterior. From a watercolour drawing by T. G. Fraser, reproduced by kind permission of the Rev. C. W. M. Steffens[115]
13.The Top Part of Wesley’s Pulpit[116]
14.The Old Church of St. Giles-in-the-Fields as it appeared in the year 1718, from a lithograph of G. Scharf after John Hall[128]
15.Recumbent Effigy of Lady Frances Kniveton[135]
16.Tombstone of George Chapman, from a watercolour drawing by J. W. Archer (1844), preserved in the British Museum[136]
17.Cast-iron Enlargement of Seal of the Hospital of St. Giles[139]
18.Thanet House, Great Russell Street, from a lithograph by G. Scharf[148]
19.No. 1, Bedford Square, Ornamental Plaster Frieze, Rear Room, First Floor[153]
20.No. 6, Bedford Square, Iron Stair Balusters[154]
21.No. 6, Bedford Square, Detail of Plaster Decoration to Staircase[155]
22.No. 10, Bedford Square, Ground and First Floor Plans[158]
23.No. 10, Bedford Square, Painted Panel in Ceiling, Rear Room, First Floor[159]
24.No. 11, Bedford Square, Frieze and Cornice in Drawing Room[161]
25.No. 25, Bedford Square, Ground and First Floor Plans[168]
26.No. 32, Bedford Square, Wrought-iron Stair Balusters[174]
27.No. 48, Bedford Square, Ground and First Floor Plans[181]
28.No. 51, Bedford Square, Sculptured Panel on Chimneypiece in Entrance Hall[184]

HERALDIC ILLUSTRATIONS.

1.DE BURGHOr, a cross Gules, in the dexter canton a lion rampant Sable.
2.DIGBYAzure, a fleur-de-lis Argent, with a molet for difference.
3.FAIRFAXArgent, three bars gemelles Gules, surmounted by a lion rampant Sable.
4.CAVENDISHSable, three bucks’ heads caboched Argent.
5.SPENCERQuarterly Argent and Gules, in the 2nd and 3rd quarters a fret Or, over all, on a bend Sable, three escallops of the 1st.
6.GREYBarry of six Argent and Azure.
7.BROWNESable, three lions passant in bend between two double cotisses Argent.
8.ELIZABETH, COUNTESS RIVERS.Argent, six lions rampant, three, two and one, Sable.
9.O’BRIENGules, three lions passant guardant in pale per pale Or and Argent.
10.FREDERICK NASSAU DE ZUYLESTEIN, EARL OF ROCHFORD.Quarterly, 1st, Azure semée of billets Or, a lion rampant of the 2nd for Nassau; 2nd, Or a lion rampant guardant Gules, ducally crowned Azure for Dietz; 3rd, Gules, a fesse Argent for Vianden; 4th, Gules, two lions passant guardant in pale Or for Catznellogen; over all, in an escutcheon Gules three zules Argent, two and one, for Zuylestein.
11.SHEFFIELDArgent, a chevron between three garbs Gules.
12.BURNETArgent, three holly leaves in chief Vert, and a hunting horn in base Sable, garnished and stringed Gules, with a molet Azure in the fess point for difference.
13.CONWAYSable, on a bend cotised Argent, a rose between two amulets Gules.
14.FINCHArgent, a chevron between three griffins passant Sable.
15.NORTHAzure, a lion passant Or, between three fleurs-de-lis Argent.
16.ESMÉ STUART, SEIGNEUR D’AUBIGNY, DUKE OF LENNOX.Quarterly, 1st and 4th Azure, three fleurs-de-lis Or within a bordure Gules charged with seven buckles of the second, for Aubigny; 2nd and 3rd, Or, a fess chequy Azure and Argent within a bordure Gules engrailed for Stuart of Darnley; over all on an escutcheon Argent a saltire Gules between four roses of the same, for Lennox.
17.BROWNLOWOr, an escutcheon, with an orle of eight martlets Sable.
18.DUDLEYOr, a lion rampant Azure, double queued Vert.
19.BLOUNTBarry nebulée of six Or and Sable.
20.RUSSELLArgent, a lion rampant Gules, on a chief Sable three escallops of the first.

PREFACE.

The present volume—the fifth in the Survey of London—completes the record of the Parish of St. Giles-in-the-Fields. As in the case of the other volumes issued, the important part of the book, from the survey point of view, is to be found in the photographs and drawings, to which the letterpress is strictly subservient, but which form only a portion of the actual collection in the hands of the Council. Nevertheless, considerable attention has been devoted to history, the more particularly because existing books on the parish, notably, Parton’s Hospital and Parish of St. Giles-in-the-Fields and Blott’s Blemundsbury, are incomplete, and in many cases actually misleading. An attempt has been made to retrace the history of each plot of land to the time before the erection of buildings, that is, practically to the reign of Elizabeth. No doubt, had time permitted, it would have been possible to do this adequately in many instances where the investigation has had to remain incomplete, though it is doubtful whether in all cases the necessary records are in existence.

The materials for the history have been gathered from diverse sources, and the lists of occupiers of the various houses dealt with have been obtained principally from the parish and sewer ratebooks, supplemented by the Hearth Tax Rolls and information given in deeds. The four Hearth Tax Rolls used were described in the previous volume[[1]] dealing with St. Giles. The sewer ratebooks have not proved of so great assistance in supplementing the parish books (which begin only in 1730) as was the case in the previous volume, since, with the important exception of those containing Lincoln’s Inn Fields and Great Queen Street, there are very few relating to this parish which date from the 17th century.

It is desired to take this opportunity of thanking those owners and occupiers of houses who have kindly granted permission to the Council to make surveys of the interior of their premises, and take photographs for reproduction in this volume. The thanks of the Council are especially due to His Grace the Duke of Bedford, K.G., for information most willingly imparted with reference to those premises which are in the Manor of Bloomsbury, and to the Holborn Metropolitan Borough Council for the facilities given to the Council’s officers for the examination of the parish ratebooks and other records.