Travels in Africa, Egypt, and Syria, from the year 1792 to 1798 - William George Browne

The dotted lines which are seen in the general map, and seem to mark with too much precision the extent of the empires Bergoo, Baghermi, and Kordofân, are chiefly designed to shew the relative situation of those districts, and how they border on each other, or on Fûr. The authority recurred to was only that of the inhabitants of each country, who affirmed that their native empire extended so many days from E. to W. and so many from N. to S. For the general form of Dar-Fûr the authority is somewhat stronger; the precise termination of that empire being accurately known to the several reporters in each principal direction.

The writer, during his stay in Dar-Fûr, could never find the variation of the needle greater than sixteen degrees W. In what relates to that country, therefore, he has been guided by that quantity of variation.

No. II.

ITINERARIES.

				Bearing.		Days.
From Cobbé to Sennaar.
From Cobbé toShawer						1½
From Shawer to Rîl				S.S.E.		2
At Rîl is a large pool of water, nevercompletely dry, and a little to the E. of it a spacious house builtby Sultan Teraub, eldest brother of the present Monarch.
From Rîl to Fadow			⎱ ⎰	E.	⎰ ⎱	3
From Fadow to Cawb			⎱ ⎰	E.	⎰ ⎱	3
Near Cawb commences a ridge of hills,running N. and S. or nearly so.
From Cawb to Dar Hummâr	⎫ ⎬ ⎭	Mean bearing		E.	⎧ ⎨ ⎩	2
From Dar Hummâr to Emdî						3
From Emdî to Kreiga						0¼
In each of these towns are Fukkara, whoadminister justice.
From Kreiga to Ibeit [64]				E.		1
Between Kreiga and Ibeit is Abu-Harrâs, aplace distant from the former three hours. Its neighbourhood islaid out in gardens belonging to the people of Dongola establishedthere, in which they cultivate onions, &c. The situation ofAbu-Harrâs is in length N. and S. and the wells which supply itwith water are to the S. of the town.
From Ibeit to Miteina						0½
From Miteina to Autosh						2
From Autosh to Yassîn						0½
Yassîn is a town of Fukkara.
From Yassîn to Breissa, deepsand						0½
From Breissa to Cone						1
Cone is at the foot of a mountain ofthe same name, which lies S. of the road. Near Cone, a little S. ofthe road, is a pool of water, and this is a place where travellerscommonly repose themselves.
From Cone to Kinnana						1
From Kinnana to Deggîn						1
From Deggîn to Hellet Allais [65],on the Bahr-el-abiad, the place which the ferry-boatsfrequent.						1
Hellet Allais is situated on the W. ofthe river. The river (Bahr-el-abiad) is here of such breadth, thatthe features of a person standing on the other side cannot bedistinguished, but the human voice is heard.—A number of trees isseen here to the W.of the river, not to the E. Hellet Allais is altogether built ofclay.—A large palm tree grows in the middle of the town.
On the eastern side of the river isShillûk—not far removed from it, being reported to bewithin sight of Allais.
Shillûk is a town of idolaters, builtwith clay. The inhabitants have no other clothing than bands oflong grass, which they pass round the waist and between the thighs.They are all black; both sexes are accustomed to shave their heads.The people of Shillûk have the dominion of the river, and take tollof all passengers, in such articles of traffic as pass among them.The name Shillûk is not Arabic, and its meaning isunknown.—When asked concerning their name or country, the peoplereply Shillûk. When employed in transporting Mohammedansacross the ferry, they occasionally exhibit the importance whichtheir situation gives them. After the Mûslim has placed himself inthe boat, they will ask him, “Who is the master of that river?” Theother replies, as is usual, “Ullah or Rubbani”—God is the master ofit. “No,” answers the Shillûk, “you must say that such a one(naming his chief) is the master of it, or you shall not pass.”They are represented as shewing hospitality to such as come amongthem in a peaceable manner, and as never betraying those to whomthey have once accorded protection. The particulars of theirworship, as in most other instances where I have had my informationfrom Mohammedans, have not been described.
From Shillûk to Dar Ruga				E. ¼N.		1
From Dar Ruga to Waalia				E.		1
From Waalia to Shadli				E.		1
From Shadli to Sennaar						0¼
Sennaar, Medinet el Fūn̄ orFungi, is situated on the river which flows from Habbesh,which river is much smaller than the Bahr-el-abiad, andbefore the annual increase is fordable between Sennaar andBasboch.
The slaves who have usurped thegovernment reside in Terfeia, on the opposite side of theriver. Between them and the people of the city have been perpetualskirmishes for the last six years. (1794).
The Bahr-el-abiad suffers the sameperiodical increase and diminution as the Nile in Egypt.
From Sennaar to Gondâr.
From Terfeia to Rhad				E.N.E.		1
From Rhad to Dender				E.		1
From Dender to Béla				S.E.		1
From Béla to Teawa						1
Rhad is on the banks of a river of thesame name. After passing Béla, the traveller leaves the river, andproceeds by a mountainous road to Teawa. The soil in theneighbourhood of Teawa is clay, and the town is built of thatmaterial. The people of the place use for bread theMahriek, (whitemaize,) which grows there luxuriantly.
From Teawa to Râs el fîl				S.E.		1¼
From Râs el fîl to Gondâr				E.S.E.		7
The officer who governs Râs el fîl isappointed by the king of Habbesh.—Inhabitants of Râs el fîl calledGiberti.
Road from Sennaar to Swakem.
From Sennaar to Teawa						4
From Teawa to Atbara, a town on thatriver				E.		1
From Atbara to Hallanga				N.		2
The people of Hallanga are Mohammedans,but use not the Arabic language generally. They are of an olivecomplexion. The Mahriek in their neighbourhood is said togrow so large, that the stem at bottom is seen of the size of aman’s wrist.
From Hallanga to Swakem				N.E.		12
During great part of the way the roadis mountainous and rocky. The space between the two last places isuncultivated, and inhabited only by wandering Arabs. These are oftwo races, Bijjé and Okoot. Both of them breed camels in greatnumber, sheep, &c. Swakem is situated on an island, in whichthe governor and principal persons reside: but the greater numberlive on the main land.
Road from Sennaar to Mahas.
From Sennaar to Herbajé				N. ¼W.		3
From Herbajé to Halfeia				N.		5
At Halfeia is the confluence of theBahr-el-abiad and Bahr el asrek.
From Halfeia to Chendi			⎫ ⎬ ⎭	N.	⎧ ⎨ ⎩	3
From Chendi to Birbîr						3
From Birbîr to Shaikié						3
From Shaikié to Dongola				N.W.		2
From Dongola to Mahas				N.		1
From Sennaar to Fazoglo.
From Sennaar to Dachala				E.		3
From Dachala to Emsirié				S.E.		1
From Emsirié to Louni				S.		3
From Louni to Gerbîn				S.		3
The people of Dachala are Mohammedansresiding on the western bank of the Bahr el asrek.—Gerbîn is amountainous place, which serves for confining malefactors under thegovernment of Sennaar.
Mountainous—From Gerbîn toFazoglo				S.		4
The mines of Fazoglo afford much gold:they belong to Sennaar.
From Gerbîn to Gondar.
From Fazoglo there is no direct road.Having returned to Gerbîn,
From Gerbîn to Hassîb				E.		2
From Hassîb to Beida				E. ¼S.		2
Beida is the first town under theAbyssinian government, and is described as chiefly inhabited byfugitive slaves, who belong to persons within that empire.
From Beida to Kourmi						3
From Kourmi to Hasseb-ullah						3
This road is mountainous, circuitous,and abounds with springs of water. The civet cat is so common inthis district, that in every house, it is said, there are fifteenor twenty tame ones.
From Hasseb-ullah to Gondâr				E.		10
Mountainous and difficultroad.
Sundry routes of the merchants ofSennaar.
From Sennaar to Gebel-el-Moié				S.W.		1
From Gebel-el-Moié toBahr-el-abiad				W.S.W.		1½
From Sennaar to Bahhadîn				S.S.W.		0½
From Bahhadîn to Menâjel				S.W.		2
From Menâjel to the Bahr-el-abiad.				W.		2
Road to Gondar.
From Sennaar to Terfeia						0½
From Terfeia to Subî-deleib						0½
From Subî-deleib to Wallad Midani						0½
From Midani to the Bahr-el-asrek						0½
From the river to Mendala						2
From Mendala to Kaila						1
Kaila is mountainous.
From Kaila to Embutteik						1
Mountainous and deep sand.
From Embutteik to Goze, or thesands						2
From Goze to the Atbara						3
This country is inhabited by theBisharîn Arabs, who are Mohammedans.
From Atbara to Gebel Cussa						3
From Gebel Cussa to Gebel en Narr						3
From Gebel en Narr to Gondar						12
A Route which seems to beuncertain, and of which the bearings are not accurately given.
From the Goze or sands of the Atbara,abovementioned, to El-Edd belonging to the Bijjé						3
From El-Edd to Swakem				N.E.		12
This road is filled with Arabs.
From Swakem to Gebel-el-Hellé				W.		3
From Gebel-el-Hellé to Gebel-el-Sillah			⎫ ⎬ ⎭	S.W.	⎧ ⎨ ⎩	2
From Gebel-el-Sillah toGebel-el-beit						2
From Gebel-el-Beit to Birbîr						6
All this road from Swakem to Birbîr isrepresented as rocky.—Birbir is situated in a clayey soil.
From Birbîr to Wullad-el-Megedûb			⎫ ⎬ ⎭	S.	⎧ ⎨ ⎩	2
From Wullad-el-Megedûb to Bisharié						2
From Bisharié to Shûkûrié						3
Bisharié are a foreign race, butShûkûrié speak Arabic as their native language.
Arabs—From Shûkûrié toHellalié						4
From Hellalié to Bahr-el-asrek						1
From Bahr-el-asrek to Em-ushar						1
From Em-ushar to Wullad-el-fûrûk						1
From Wullad-el-fûrûk to Hummûr						2
Clayey soil.
Mohammedans—From Hûmmûr toSenût-abûd						2
From Ibeit to Emdurmân and Halfeia,and return to Ibeit by another road.
From Ibeit to Bahra				E.		1½
From Bahra to Emganatû				N.E.		2
From Emganatû to Shegeik				N.E.		1
From Shegeik to Gimmoyé				N.		2
From Gimmoyé to Emdurmân				N.		2
All this country is inhabited byMohammedans, who speak Arabic alone.—Gimmoyé and Emdurmân are bothon the W. bank of the Bahr-el-abiad, and the latter is at the place of unionbetween that river and the Abawi.—Returning W.
From Emdurmân to Harraza, a mountain ofdifficult passage				S.W.		3
Road desert and destitute ofwater.
The inhabitants of Harraza areidolaters, of mixed complexion, but most of them of a reddishhue.—They breed some horses, which they mount.
From Harraza to Abu-hadîd			⎫ ⎬ ⎭	S.W.	⎧ ⎨ ⎩	1
From Abu-hadîd to Zerawy						0½
From Zerawy to Esherchar						1
Esherchar is famous for its salt, whichis gathered by the Arabs, transported to other places and sold. Thepeople of this last place are Arabs, but those of Zerawy, Harraza,and Abu-hadîd, neither Arabs nor Mohammedans.
From Esherchar to Bisherié				S.		1
Road desert.
Bisherié is full of palm-trees.
From Bisherié to Bahra			⎱ ⎰	S.S.W.	⎰ ⎱	1
From Bahra to Ibeit			⎱ ⎰	S.S.W.	⎰ ⎱	1½
Route from Ibeit to Sheibôn, whereare gold mines, and other places, returning to Ibeit.
From Ibeit to Bahra				E.		1½
From Bahra to Khûkjé				S.E.		4¼
From Khûkjé to Abu-jenûch				S.		1
From Abu-jenûch to Seijé				E.		0½
From Seije to Tummara				S.E.		2
Between the two last places is a rockyroad, with intervals of deep sand and clay.
From Tummara to Demîk				S. ¼E.		1
The people from Abu-jenûch hither areidolaters, and destitute of clothing. The soil at and near Demîk isclay.
From Demîk to Khéga				S. ¼E.		1
From Khéga to Dibû				S.S.E.		0½
Mountainous and rocky.
From Dibû to Sheibôn				S.S.E.		1¼
Clayey soil.
Near this place, in a deep glen orvalley, much gold is found, both dust and in small pieces. Thenatives collect the dust in quills of the ostrich and vulture, andin that condition sell it to the merchants. They have a ceremony ondiscovering a large piece of gold, of killing a sheep on it beforethey remove it. The people are all black, as are those abovementioned from Abu-jenûch hither. They have some form of marriage,i.e. of an agreement between man and woman to co-habit. Women offull age wear a piece of platted grass on their parts. The youngerand unmarried are quite naked. The slaves, which are brought ingreat numbers from this quarter, are some prisoners of war amongthemselves, (for their wars are frequent,) and some seduced bytreachery and sold. But it is said to be a common practice for thefather in time of scarcity to sell his children.
At Sheibôn are some Mohammedans, who liveamong the idolaters and wear clothing: it is not said whether Arabsor not.
The people above described areindependent tribes of negroes, who have no other ruler than theirrespective chiefs, the authority of whom is very small, except intime of war. The Mecque of Sennaar used to claim some tribute fromthe people of Sheibôn, but received nothing regularly.
From Sheibôn to Shurrû			⎱ ⎰	W.S.W.	⎰ ⎱	0½
From Shurrû to Luca			⎱ ⎰	W.S.W.	⎰ ⎱	1
Luca is another place where resides anindependent chief: it is also famous for its gold, which, as atSheibôn, is the only medium of exchange among the inhabitants.
From Luca to Koheila				W.		1½
In Koheila are Arabs, not subject toany monarch of the country. Some idolaters also live amongthem.
From Koheila to Tlinga, a town			⎫ ⎬ ⎭	W. ¼W.	⎧ ⎨ ⎩	1
People of Tlinga Mohammedans.—Thiscountry is called by the Arabs Dar Kinnana.
From Tlinga to Gebel Sahd						0½
Gebel Sahd is within the dominion ofSennaar.
From Gebel Sahd to Baha-ed-dîn				N.		1
Still Dar Kinnana.
From Baha-ed-dîn to Gebel-el-abîd				N.N.E.		1
From Gebel-el-abîd to Tumbûl				N.		1
Tumbûl is under the government of theking of the Tuclawi.
From Tumbûl to Seisabân			⎫ ⎪ ⎪ ⎬ ⎪ ⎪ ⎭	N.	⎧ ⎪ ⎪ ⎨ ⎪ ⎪ ⎩	1
Seisabân is inhabited by Arabsalone.
From Seisabân to Abdome						0½
From Abdome to Tuggala, capital of theking of Tuclawi						0½
This district is called Sagurnié,country of the mountaineers.
From Tuggala to Deir						1
From Deir to Gebel-el-deir						1
From Gebel-el-deir toGebel-el-Bucclé				N.N.W.		1
From Gebel-el-Bucclé to Ibeit				N.		0½
From Rîl to Wara, capital ofBergoo.
From Rîl to Gebel Marra, deepsand				W.		2
Gebel Marra to Bishara Taib				W.		2
Bishara Taib to the confines ofFûr				W.		5
All this road is mountainous and rocky,and the inhabitants from Rîl W. to the confines of Fûr areMohammedans. The water on Gebel Marra, which is a lofty mountain,rises with some remarkable circumstances, and it is said to besulphureous. The people there feed partly on wheat, which growsnear the place, partly on Mahreîk.
The people who inhabit the confines ofFûr W. are called Tûmûrkée.
From the confines to Dar Ruma				W. ¼N.		8
Desert, sand and clay, somewater.
From Dar Ruma to Kibbéid			⎫ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎬ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎭	N.E.	⎧ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎨ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎩	2
Kibbeid is situated on a hill orrock.
From Kibbéid to Kajachsha						1
From Kajachsha to Bendala						1¼
Bendala is inhabited by the slaves ofthe Sultan of Bergoo.—The people of Ruma, and thence toBendala are idolaters.
From Bendala to Wullad-el-Bucca						1
Bucca is a mountainousdistrict.
From Bucca to Dar Misselâd						1
From Dar Misselâd to Wara, theresidence of the Sultan of Bergoo						2¼
From Wara to Bahr-el-Gazalle.
From Wara to Nimr, where the merchantsreside, as at Cobbé in Dar-Fûr				W.		0¼
From Nimr to Battah						2
Battah is situated on a small river,which flows from the S. and then deviating to the W. falls into theBahr el Fittré. Battah belongs to the Misselâd.
From Battah to Dirota				W.		1
From Dirota to Dar Hummâr						0½
Road, clayey soil.
From Dar Hummâr to Coseiât						1
Dar Hummâr rocky.
From Coseiât to Shungeiât						1
Two towns of idolaters.
From Shungeiât to DarDajeou—Caffres						1
Cooka, Mohammedans—From DarDajeou to Dar Cooka						3
From Cooka to Muddago						2
In Muddago are Mohammedans, who aregoverned by a petty prince under the king of Bergoo.
From Muddago to Bahr-el-Fittré			⎫ ⎪ ⎬ ⎪ ⎭	N.W.	⎧ ⎪ ⎨ ⎪ ⎩	1½
The people on the banks ofBahr-el-Fittré are called Abu-semmîn, and are Mohammedans. They uselittle boats for the purpose of passing from one place to anotheron the river.
From Bahr-el-Fittré toBahr-el-Gazalle						2
Road deep sand, no trees.
The neighbourhood of theBahr-el-Gazalle is inhabited by Arabs, who feed camels and sheep,and some oxen.
Route from Khukjé to theBahr-el-ada, and thence towards the Bahr-el-abiad.
From Khukjé to Baraka				S.S.W.		3
Baraka is inhabited by independentArabs.
The greater part of this road is deepsand; the remainder, from Baraka by the Bahr-el-ada, isclay. The part of that river, which is here meant, is occupied bytribes of Arabs feeding cows and sheep; they are called Missicié.This part of the river is also frequented by wild and ferociousanimals. TheMissicié Arabs comb their hair back, twist it, and fasten it in theform of a scorpion’s tail behind. They collect honey of the wildkind in great quantity, and hunt the elephant.
From Baraka to Tûrrût				S.E.		4
From Tûrrût to Jungeiôn				S.E.		1
The people of Jungeiôn are tall andblack; they have cows, sheep, and goats, and feed on theMahriek or white maize. They collect the dung of theanimals mentioned, dry it, roast it on the fire, and afterwards useit for a bed. These people are very numerous. The country in theirneighbourhood is all a plain, and the soil clay. They have apractice, apparently superstitious, of milking their cows into avessel with a narrow mouth, that the milk may not be seen, andnever pour it into a dish or bowl; and any stranger who visits themis obliged to drink of the dugs of the cow, as do the calves.
From Jungeiôn to Shăd				S.E.		1
From Shăd to Inigulgulé				N.		¼
Route from Khukjé to theBahr-el-ada, thence toward the Bahr-el-abiad, and returning toRîl.
The inhabitants of Inigulgulé areidolaters. They clothe themselves with a kind of cotton cloth.
From Inigulgulé to the residence of the kingof Ibbé				E. ¼N.		1½
From said residence to the confines ofDar-Fûr				N.W.		4
From the confines to Tubeldié						2
From Tubeldié to Rîl						8
All this road is sandy, but filledwith many and large trees.
Road from Bahr-el-gazalle toBornou.
From Bahr-el-gazalle to the capital ofDar Baghermé				N.E.		3
From the said residence toKottocom				N. ¼W.	⎫ ⎬ ⎭	18
The inhabitants of this district areMohammedans. In the road two rivers are crossed by the traveller,one of which is called Kitchena. It runs from S.E. toN.W.
From Kottocom to Bornou, the Imperialcity				N. ¼W.
The road lies in part through sand, inpart through deep clay. There are many trees. The neighbourhood ofthe Bahr-el-gazalle seems by the description to be a forest.
The city Bornou is surrounded by awall, in which there are four gates, opening E., W., N., and S. Asmall river runs near it, which falls into theBahr-el-gazalle.
Bergoo is said to be fifteen days in extentfrom E. to W. and from N. to S. twenty days.—Bagarmé, in the formerdirection, twelve, in the latter, fifteen days.—Bagarmé has manytroops, but Bergoo is estimated the strongest. The people of Bergooare remarkable for their zealous attachment to the faith, and readthe Korân daily.
Some description of Bergoo.
Within about a day’s journey of Waraare said to be eight large mountains, the inhabitants of each ofwhich use a distinct language. They are Mohammedans, and said to bebrave, furnishing the armies of the Sultan of Bergoo with recruitsas often as required. One of the mountains, called Kergna, issituated S.E.; another W. which is inhabited by a people calledWullad Mazé; Gebel Mimi N. Gebel Absenûn E. Gebel AbdurrûgE.
Other mountains of Bergoo are, GebelTama, N. Gebel Kashimirié, W., each of them two days from Wara.Gebel Abu-hadîd, E. the same distance.
Three days W. of Wara is the rivercalled Bahr Misselâd.
Route from Wara to Cubcabéa in Dar-Fûr,and another route from the last place back to Wara.
From Wara to Abu-shareb				S.E.		5
From Abu-shareb to the confines ofFûr				E. ¼S.		1½
From the confines to Emdokne				E.		1
From Emdokne to Dar Misseladîn			⎱ ⎰	E. ¼S.	⎰ ⎱	1
From Misseladîn to Cubcabéa			⎱ ⎰	E. ¼S.	⎰ ⎱	3
From Cubcabéa to Gellé				N.W. ¼W.		1
From Gellé to Gimmer				N.E. ¼N.		4
The Sultan of Gimmer is subject toFûr.—The people are Mohammedans. In the road is found water, andthe soil is sand and rock.
From Gimmer to Zeghawa				E. ¼N.		2
Mountainous.
The Sultan of Zeghawa is also dependenton Fûr.
From Zeghawa to Tama			⎱ ⎰	N.N.W.	⎰ ⎱	2½
From Tama to the confines			⎱ ⎰	N.N.W.	⎰ ⎱	1
From the confines to Abu-senûn						2
From Abu-senûn to Wara				W.		8
A route sometimes taken by themerchants of Bergoo.
From Wara to Emjûfûr						2
From Emjûfûr to Timé Degeou						1½
Another route.
From Wara to Jumbo			⎫ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎬ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎭	N. with little variation E.	⎧ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎨ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎩	1
From Jumbo to Doreng						1
From Doreng to Dageou						2
Sandy road—Mohammedans.
From Dageou to Kergna						2
From Kergna to Ghannîm						2
From Ghannîm to Duida						2
This road is mountainous, soilsandy, many trees.
The people Mohammedans, under thegovernment of Bergoo.
From Duida to Bencia						1½
From Bencia to Dongata						3½
From Dongata to Bendala				W.		3½
Mountain.
From Bendala to Bujid				S.S.W.		2½
From Bujid to Kibbeid						3½
Mountainous.
From Kibbeid to Kajachsa			⎫ ⎪ ⎬ ⎪ ⎭	S.	⎧ ⎪ ⎨ ⎪ ⎩	2
From Kajachsa to Baniân						2½
From Baniân to Ain						3½
From Ain to Kuddano						1½
From Kuddano to Gizân				S.E.		2
From Gizân to Wara				S.		4
Another route from Wara, and returningthither.
From Wara to Middeisîs			⎫ ⎪ ⎪ ⎬ ⎪ ⎪ ⎭	N.E.	⎧ ⎪ ⎪ ⎨ ⎪ ⎪ ⎩	2½
From Middeisîs to Beit-el-Habbûba						2
From Beit-el-Habbûba to Truanié						2½
From Truanié to Gidîd						1½
From Gidîd to Kuddano						2
From Kuddano to Wara						3
Another route.
From Wara to Birket-el-Rumli				W.S.W.		4
From Birket-el-Rumli to Goze, orthe sands				N.		2
From Goze to Dirota				E.		2½
From Dirota to Butta				E.		2
From Butta to Wara				E.		2½
Near Butta is a small river, of whichmy informer remembered not the name.—This road is full of a speciesof tree, whose leaves are described as white, and which bears afruit, which, however, is not eaten, except by the camels which arefond of it; it is called Culcul.
Route from Cobbé to the copper mines ofFertît.
From Cobbé to Cussé			⎫ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎬ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎭	S. ¼W.	⎧ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎨ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎩	1
From Cussé to Currio						1¾
From Currio to Treiga						1¼
Sandy road.
From Treiga to Beit Melek Eide						1
From Beit Melek Eide to DarMisselâd						3
Rocky.
From Dar Misselâd to Dar Marra						1
Caffres—From Dar Marra to DarFungaro						3
One day and a half mountain, theremainder forest and clayey soil.
From Dar Fungaro toDar-el-abid-es-Sultan- Fûr						2½
From the latter to Dar-el-Nahâs						8½
Rocky road, earth where visible isred.
The people wear a slight covering overthe parts of generation, in other respects are quite naked.
From Dahr-el-Nahas to Bahr Taisha			⎱ ⎰	E.	⎰ ⎱	3
From Bahr Taisha to Bahr-el-abiad			⎱ ⎰	E.	⎰ ⎱	4½
The former falls into the latter at aplace called Tenderni, which is peopled by idolaters,called Cusni. This spot is full of palm trees, and anotherkind of tree, which by description would seem to be the cocoa.
Here it is seen that the distancebetween Cobbé and the copper mine is 23½ days, direction nearly S.and that the Bahr-el-abiad is 7½ days distant from that place,direction generally E.
Route from Dar Bergoo to the sources ofthe Bahr-el-abiad.
From Abu Telfân South, ten daysjourney, is said to be the source of the Bahr-el-abiad: but theparticulars of the route my informer was unable to give me, he nothaving travelled it. The place is called Donga, and is theresidence of a chief or king of an idolatrous nation. The countrythere is very mountainous, and in the spot where the river risesare said to be forty distinct hills: these are called Kumri. Fromthem a great number of springs issues, which uniting into one greatchannel form the Bahr-el-abiad. The people of Bergoo go thithersometimes to seize captives, but there is no trade between them andthe natives. The people are quite naked, black, and idolaters. Theplace is said to be twenty days removed from the confines ofBornou. All the road thither is mountainous. From Donga to Shillûk30 days.

No. III.

METEOROLOGICAL TABLE
FOR THE YEAR 1794.