7. It is necessary to hold these fibers together in a thread. Hold the roving in the left hand and with the right hand draw the fibers out several inches. As you draw, twist the roving between the fingers and thumb. The twisting is called spinning.
8. When you have twisted sufficient yarn to attach to the end of a foot-rule, do so. Give a whirl to the ruler, which is taking the place of the old-time spindle, and let it drop. Continue to whirl the ruler and notice that as it revolves the yarn is twisting. When well twisted, wind the yarn on the ruler. There was a hook on the old-time spindle. Instead of the hook, hold the wound yarn in place by an elastic band. Draw out several inches again and repeat.
9. With the spindle a distaff was used. It held the roving which you now hold in your left hand. (See [picture] of distaff and spindle.)
10. Define spinning; see Textiles, page [4], footnote. The early use of the spindle was the same as its use of to-day. In what two ways is the spindle of use?
11. The improvement on the distaff and spindle was the spinning wheel. Now the spinning frame in the mill has replaced both.
Questions
1. After shearing, through what two processes does wool pass?
2. Why is it necessary to oil wool?
3. What is the work of the card?