The formation which incloses the vein has a general trend northeast and southwest, the dip at the main workings being not over 20°. Here an inclined shaft has been sunk to a depth of 225 feet on the vein. At the bottom the shaft has attained a vertical depth of about 100 feet. Two veins of ore, consisting principally of silicious and earthy iron oxide and black oxide of manganese with carbonate of lime, sometimes crystallized, extend from the surface to the bottom of the incline. These veins are very irregular in size, varying from a mere seam to upwards of 2 feet in places.
The value lies in the lead carbonate and silver which accompany the gangue minerals. The two veins are curiously formed at contact with massive blue limestone and mica schist. The schist is from 1 to 4 feet in width, the ore lying both above and below it, the whole being inclosed between hanging and foot walls of crystalline limestone. At various points in the workings is a light-colored, much decomposed rock, resembling felsite, which has the appearance of having been injected between the strata in a thin sheet. It is a notable fact that where this buff-colored, granular appearing rock occurs in contact with the vein an enrichment of the ore is noticeable, and its absence is marked by the low value of the ore or no ore at all. In this incline, at a depth of 40 feet, a short drift has been run in on ore of good grade. At 180 feet from the collar of the shaft the discovery was made that caused this mine, and, in fact, the entire camp, to become at once the scene of excitement.
At this place a small wedge of crystalline, granular quartz and calcite appeared, and with it flakes of free gold. Just below the point of this discovery the wedge widened to several inches, and the rock was a mass of glittering sheets and shot-like pieces of gold. Assays of the material gave fabulous returns. The ore was broken down on canvas, and every ounce of it sacked on the spot. This was followed down some distance, but gradually thinned out below the 200-foot level, where drifts were run, one 50 feet northeast, the other 40 feet southwest. From these drifts considerable rich quartz was obtained.
In the southwest drift the formation is badly displaced and broken and the vein is lost, a fault having thrown it, but whether up or down could not be determined, as the adjacent rock was so badly fractured. Ore was found at the face and along the sides of some of the cuttings, and some free gold was found on the 200-foot level in the southwest drift. All work on this part of the mine had been suspended some time prior to my visit, the mine having been enjoined.
ORIGIN OF THE VEINS.
This question is one which finds its answer, it would seem, in the fact that the sheet of mica schist included between the heavy masses of limestone represents what at one time was possibly a bed of sandy clay or mud, which with the metamorphosis of the region has become a crystalline schist. The planes separating this schist and the limestone above and that below it were evidently planes of weakness, and when the forces which uplifted and fractured the strata exerted themselves these rocks slipped and ground upon each other, causing considerable crushing along these planes; possibly open crevices resulted in some portions. Ore was subsequently deposited in these interstitial spaces, partly by substitution of ore for limestone, no doubt, and partly by precipitation in the crushed mass of lime and schist. The injection of a sheet of felsite into the same plane of weakness can easily be conceived, as such intrusive bodies always follow the lines of least resistance. The extreme richness of the rock, together with its somewhat unusual association of quartz and calcite, attracted no little attention to the property at the time of its discovery.
A FISSURE VEIN.
Southwestward from the deposit just described is a vertical shaft 125 feet deep. This shaft has followed down what seems to be a fissure in the limestone, in which lead carbonate, some galena, limonite quartz, calcite, and manganese oxide occur. This ore was worth at Socorro, New Mexico, $50 per ton for the gold, silver, and lead it contained, and it was shipped there in quite large quantities.
A large stope commences on the northeast side of the shaft at a depth of 30 feet from the top and extends down to the 114-foot level. Considerable ore was standing in sight in the mine at the time of my visit, but nothing was being done. The company have had to stop work, as the owners of the lime quarry claim to have this property included in their patent.