Approximate Related Standard Hues
| HUES | PIGMENTS | VALUES | SYMBOLS |
| Red | Pure crimson madder | High dark | R-HD |
| Orange | Crimson madder and vermilion | Middle | OR-M |
| Orange | Vermilion and light chrome yellow | Low light | O-LL |
| Orange yellow | Vermilion and light chrome yellow | Light | OY-L |
| Yellow | Pure light chrome yellow | High light | Y-HL |
| Yellow green | Light chrome yellow and emerald green | Light | YG-L |
| Green | Pure emerald green | Low light | G-LL |
| Green blue | Emerald green and cobalt blue | Middle | GB-M |
| Blue | Pure cobalt blue | High dark | B-HD |
| Blue violet | Ultramarine and crimson madder | Dark | BV-D |
| Violet | Ultramarine and crimson madder | Low dark | V-LD |
| Red violet | Ultramarine and crimson madder | Dark | RV-D |
Locating Standard Hues
It now becomes imperative to locate each standard hue at its definite place in each rectangle. This invariably occurs at a predetermined point in the left vertical boundary of the rectangle of that hue. From inspection of [Figure 455], it is quickly seen that violet seems to be the darkest hue; yellow the lightest, with the others between these hues. This variation of what is termed their value gives us a guide to their proper placing in the hue rectangle.
Values and Horizontal Value Lines
Value is that quality by which we may distinguish a dark hue from a light one. For design purposes we will imagine the hue rectangle to grade from white at the top to black at the bottom. We will draw horizontal lines or steps across the rectangle, marking nine even value steps from white to black; the top one to be termed White (W), followed by High Light (HL); Light (L); Low Light (LL); Middle (M); High Dark (HD); Dark (D); Low Dark (LD); and Black (B). These value steps may be thought of as a scale of gray or neutral values descending the right boundary of the hue rectangle. They have been roughly indicated in the hue rectangle at the left of [Figure 454].
Relation of the Standard Hue to the Hue Rectangle
Each standard hue may now be located in the left boundary of its hue rectangle and opposite its neutral gray equivalent in the right boundary. If the standard hue is accurately determined by the designer, it will be of exactly the same value as its gray equivalent given in the "value" column of the pigment table. The small arrows leading from [Figure 455] to [454] show where four standard hues are located; the remaining hues are located in the left circle of each successive row in the remaining rectangles, and upon their respective value lines. Standard hues are expressed by the symbols in the right column of the pigment table.
Tints
Each standard pigment or hue may be thinned with opaque white to lighten it, forming what is known as a tint of that hue. Red, in [Figure 454], reaching its full chromatic intensity at the value High Dark, may be lightened four times before it ultimately arrives at white. Each step is to be considered as occurring in the left hand boundary of the rectangle above the standard hue, and is to be recorded by the symbols, R-M: R-LL: R-L: R-HL. Orange yellow has only one possible tint. Strawberry, light lavender, rose, etc., are merely nicknames for various tints.