SUMMARY OF DESIGN STEPS
The outline of the surface enrichment is considered as complete.
(a) Metal or Wood. Analyze the background into its hue, value, and chroma. Clay. Select a background that will harmonize with the controlling hue or hues of the proposed color scheme. Rule 12o. If this is a one hued color scheme without gradation or surface enrichment the design steps may terminate at this point.
(b) Metal, Wood, and Clay. Select the extreme value range of the color scheme, considering, if possible, the background as a balancing or pivotal value point upon which the values may balance above and below. As the side walls formed a balancing point for the ceiling and furniture or wood work, so may the background of metal, wood, or colored clay become a similar balancing factor for small surfaces. Rule 12m.
(c) Metal, Wood, and Clay. Select a hue or hues which will harmonize with the background through dominant, contrasting, or analogous relations. Rule 12l. In selecting the hues consider the final placing of the object.
(d) Metal, Wood, and Clay. Select a chroma range. Allow the point or area of concentration to have a slightly higher chromatic relation than the other hues. The point of concentration may be one of the hues already selected or it may bear a complementary relation to them. The hues may be averaged and a complementary to the average selected. Rule 12n.
(e) Metal, Wood, and Clay. Apply the rule of proportionate distribution, Rule 12k.
(f) Metal and Wood. Using the pigments suggested in [Chapter XV], design the problem. Test the result by applying Rule 12p.
(g) Clay. If the design has been developed in slip or underglaze painting, select a glaze for an overglaze coating that will harmonize with the prevailing hues by dominance or analogy. Other arrangements may destroy the hues of the original color scheme.
(h) Develop the problem in its material.
SUGGESTED PROBLEMS
Design a bowl for nasturtiums; make the color arrangement harmonize through analogy with the hues of the flowers.
Design a vase for chrysanthemums; make the surface enrichment and the color arrangement harmonize through dominance with the hues of the flowers.
Design a hat pin for a blue hat; materials, copper, and transparent enamels.
Design a brooch to be worn with a gray dress.
Design a pottery and copper lamp with amber art glass in the shade. Through oxidation and glazing, bring the lamp into color unity.
SUMMARY OF RULES
Rule 12k. Proportionate distribution of hue, value, and chroma in surface enrichment calls for a small area high in chroma and contrasting in value to the rest of the surface, but harmonizing with it. This is usually located in the area of concentration. The larger areas are to be sufficiently reduced in chroma and value to form a slight contrast with the background.
Hues for Small Objects
Rule 12l. One hue, or a group of analogous hues should dominate all color schemes. The point of concentration may be emphasized by one hue related to the other hues by (1) contrasted, (2) dominant, (3) analogous, or (4) complementary relations. This hue should make slightly stronger value and chroma contrast than the remaining hues.
Values for Small Objects
Rule 12m. An extreme range of five values is generally sufficient to supply contrast to a design but still retain its value unity. Restraint in the use of values is essential.
Chroma for Small Objects
Rule 12n. The amount of chroma may be increased in proportion to the decrease in the decorated area. Exceptions may be made to this under Rule 12o.
Rule 12o. Small one or two-hued projects in clay, designed to be used as a part of the decorative color scheme for a room should bear a contrasted, dominant, analogous, or complementary relation to the side walls of the room. The project may be much higher in chroma than the side walls.
Rule 12p. Correct color for surface enrichment should neither apparently rise above nor drop below the surface to which it is applied, but should stay upon the plane of that surface. Correct value and chroma range will accomplish this.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. State the value of mono-hued pottery in the decorative scheme of a room.
2. What are generally used as stains for clear glazes; matt glazes?
3. What is highest in chroma—matt, or clear glaze?
4. Make a table of metallic oxides and the hues produced by them.
5. Why will iron and copper oxides produce a yellow green stain? What stains will be produced by cobalt and copper oxides; cobalt and manganese oxides; cobalt and nickel oxides?
6. Describe the type of room which you regard as best fitted for clear glazed pottery forms; matt glazed pottery forms.
7. Define harmony of color.
8. What is meant by proportionate distribution? Describe proportionate distribution.
9. Give the value, hue, and chroma range for small areas. See Rules 12l, 12m, and 12n.
10. How does the size of the area to be enriched by color affect the color medium, i.e., stains, glazes, enamels, etc.?
11. Describe enamels, their types, characteristics, and range of hues. Consult catalogs for fuller possibilities.
12. What is the effect of oxidation; what is its value?
13. Describe fully complementary arrangements and give illustrations for enamel on silver or copper.
14. State the color scheme for a fob to be worn with a blue-green dress; with a gray suit for a man.
15. Select a stone for a silver brooch that would harmonize with a light blue dress; for a dress of orange dark hue and value. See catalogs of dealers in semi-precious stones for color of stones.
16. What problems of hue, value, and chroma would arise in Question 15?
SUMMARY OF THE GENERAL AND SPECIAL RULES IN THE PRECEEDING CHAPTERS
Horizontal and Vertical Primary Masses
Rule 1a. A primary mass must be either vertical or horizontal according to the intended service, unless prohibited by technical requirements.
Proportions of the Primary Mass
Rule 1b. The primary mass should have the ratio of one to three, three to four, three to five, five to eight, seven to ten, or some similar proportion difficult for the eye to detect readily and analyze.
Horizontal Space Divisions
Rule 2a. If the primary mass is divided into two horizontal divisions, the dominance should be either in the upper or the lower section.