INSTRUCTION SHEET
[Plate 31] shows the design steps necessary to the evolution of a lamp in two materials. A full size working drawing should follow Figure D.
SUMMARY OF DESIGN STEPS
(a) Draw the unenriched primary mass.
(b) For dependent contours, locate the elements of service within the primary mass. This may be interpreted to mean rivets, screw holes, semi-precious stones, etc.
(c) Determine upon the portion of the contours to be enriched, gauged by its need for grace, lightness, and variety. This enrichment is preferably concentrated at the following points: edges, corners, appendages, intermediate points, terminals, links, and details. These points may be combined provided the result does not violate the simplicity of the structural lines.
(d) Draw the enrichment in the predetermined area, causing it to be in harmony with such interior functional parts as screw holes, rivets, semi-precious stones, etc. Utilize suggested curves.
(e) Review all of the contour curves added to the design. Are they feeble compass curves or do they have the character of long sweeping curves with short "snappy" turns for variety?
(f) Test the entire design for unity. Does the eye move smoothly through all parts of the contour? Does the design "hold together"? Are all links and appendages joined to the primary mass in a graceful tangential manner?
(g) Dimension, add additional views, and details, if necessary, and otherwise prepare the drawing for shop use.
SUGGESTED PROBLEMS
Design an electric table lamp with square copper rod as a support, feet, and copper shade.
Design a hinge for a cedar chest.
SUMMARY OF RULES
Rule 5f. Dependent outline enrichment should be related to essential parts of a design and influenced by their forms and functions; it must be consistent with the idea of the subject.
Rule 5g. A curve should join a straight line with either a tangential or right angle junction.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. Contrast contour enrichment of wood, clay, and metal.
2. Define free and dependent outline in contour enrichment of base metal.
3. Describe and explain the use of the Ionic volute in contour enrichment of metal.
4. Define and present illustrations of contour enrichment designed for edges, corners, appendages, intermediate points, terminals, links, and other details in base metal.
5. Define and illustrate free and dependent contour enrichment of precious metal.
Figure 190a.—Union of Outline Enrichment on Clay and Metal
Chapter IX
SURFACE ENRICHMENT OF SMALL PRIMARY MASSES IN WOOD
With this chapter we enter upon a consideration of the third and last major division of Industrial Arts Design, that of Surface Enrichment.
Nature and Need of Surface Enrichment
We have considered in previous chapters the subject of contour or outline enrichment. Now consider for a moment the fact that articles such as a square box, or tile, are not suited to outline enrichment, yet they have large, flat, and rather monotonous surfaces capable of decoration. It is readily seen that such surfaces will admit of further elaboration which we will distinguish from contour enrichment by using the term Surface Enrichment. As in contour enrichment, so in surface enrichment, the added element of design not only increases the beauty of the object but it likewise, if properly applied, gives apparent added strength to the structure.
Rule 6a. Surfaces to be enriched must admit of enrichment.