Plate 40
[Figure 245] again reverts to artificial motives, illustrated in free balance. The jet of steam is the unifying factor which brings the cup into harmony with the enclosing space. [Figure 246] shows illustrations of free balance and border enrichment from the industrial market.
INSTRUCTION SHEET
[Plate 40] indicates the necessary design steps for a panel surface enrichment correlating with still life drawing. Note the connection between the ink bottle, pen, and book as used to decorate a book stall.
SUMMARY OF DESIGN STEPS
For Square Panel Surface Enrichment
(a) Draw the primary rectangle of the principal surface, appendages, etc.
(b) Subdivide into major vertical and horizontal divisions.
(c) Design simple contour enrichment. Determine location of zone of enrichment (the panel), the amount and method of enriching the surface.
(d) Draw outline of the panel which should be sympathetically related to the contours.
(e) Draw diameters, diagonals, or center lines of the panel. Regard these as possible inceptive axes.
(f) Locate points of concentration on either diameters, diagonals, or center lines.
(g) Draw leading lines in sympathy with the contours of the panel, the inceptive axis, and the point of concentration.
(h) Clothe the leading lines with enrichment that shall be appropriate to the structure, the material, and the intended service. Note the result. Is the panel agreeably filled without appearing overcrowded or meager? Several preliminary sketches should be made.
(i) Add additional views, dimension, and otherwise prepare the drawing for shop use.
SUGGESTED PROBLEM
Design a glove box and enrich the cover with a simple carved panel with marginal panel enrichment.
SUMMARY OF RULES
Enclosed Surface Enrichment for Partly Enriched Panels
Rule 7a. Marginal panel enrichment should parallel or be related to the outlines of the primary mass, and to the panel it is to enrich.
Rule 7b. Marginal points of concentration in panels should be placed (1) preferably at the corners or (2) in the center of each margin.
Rule 7c. To insure unity of design in panels, the elements composing the points of concentration and the links connecting them must be related to the panel contour and to each other.
Enclosed Surface Enrichment for Fully Enriched Panels
Rule 7d. The contours of fully enriched panels should parallel the outlines of the primary mass and repeat its proportions.
Rule 7e. The points of concentration for a fully enriched square panel may be in its center or in its outer margin.
Rule 7f. The points of concentration for a fully enriched vertical panel should be in the upper portion of the panel.
Rule 7g. The fully enriched panel and its contents should be designed in unified relation to the structural outlines, with the center line of the panel coinciding with the inceptive axis of the structure.
Free Surface Enrichment
Rule 8a. Free ornament for partly or fully enriched surfaces should be based and centered upon an inceptive axis of the structure.
Rule 8b. Free ornament should be related and subordinated to the structural surfaces.
Rule 8c. Points of concentration in free enrichment of vertically placed masses are usually located in and around the inceptive axis and above or below the geometric center of the design.
Postulate: Surface enrichment should be inseparably linked to the surface and to the outlines or contours.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. What is a panel?
2. State three sections or areas at which a panel may be enriched. Give reasons for selecting a given area.
3. Explain relation of point of concentration to each section.
4. In marginal enrichment, is it preferable to locate the point of concentration in the center or corner of the margin? Why?
5. What is the value of an inceptive axis with relation to the unity of a design? What is its relation to the structure?
6. Give the characteristics and use of free enrichment.
7. State the use of full panel enrichment.
8. Where may the point of concentration be located in full square panel enrichment?
9. Name six steps essential to the designing of a square panel.
10. For what specific purpose is a vertical rectangular panel adapted?
11. Where should the point of concentration be located in a vertical rectangular panel?
12. Draw a flower form and adapt it to a carved enrichment in wood.
13. To what uses are panels of varied shapes adapted?
14. How may artificial objects be adapted to surface enrichment?
15. Explain the term "free balance."
Chapter XI
SURFACE ENRICHMENT WITH MINOR SUBDIVISIONS OF LARGE PRIMARY MASSES IN WOOD
Minor Subdivisions
This article is, in part, a brief summary and review of Rules 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 3c (vertical and horizontal major divisions) with application to minor subdivisions. By minor spacings or subdivisions in wood work we refer to the areas occupied by drawers, doors, shelves, and other small parts subordinated in size to the large or major divisions such as large front or side panels, etc. These smaller or minor subdivisions in wood work are bounded by runners, rails, guides, and stiles depending upon the form of construction and character of the minor subdivision. Major divisions are often bounded by legs, table tops, and principal rails.