[A]
Anastomosis, [63], [127], [172]
how far observed by Harvey, [128]
Harvey states his views on, [179], [180]
Aneurism
pulsation of an, [15]
axillary, its bearing on the pulse, [30]
its effect on the pulse, [135]
Animals
importance of dissecting the lower, [42]
Aorta
why its walls thicker than those of the pulmonary artery, [107]
case in which portion of, ossified, [137]
Argent, Dr.
dedication of treatise on Heart and Blood to, [5]
Aristotle
referred to, [vii], [27]
on the pulse, [30]
on the chick, [34]
quoted in support of pulsation of heart of embryo, [46]
circular motion of rain suggested by, compared to that of the blood, [56]
on the heart, [93], [97], [105], [166]
his error regarding the mitral valve, [101]
on the study of the lower animals, [137]
on trusting to the senses, [160]
Arteriotomy
experiments of, [14], [28], [29], [129], [163]
outflow of blood in, [29]
Arteries
ancient views regarding the, [ix]
contain blood only, [12]
contain same blood as the veins, [12]
Galen’s experiment on, [12]
filled like bladders, not like bellows, [13]
dilation of, due to impulse of blood, [14]
diastole of, corresponds to systole of heart, [29]
called veins, by Galen, [30], and the ancients, [57]
why empty after death, [62], [140]
coronary, supply the heart itself, [88]
reason for greater thickness of coats of, [106]
nearer to heart, more they differ from veins, [106]
contained only aërial spirits, according to Erasistratus, [140]
Artery
ligature of an, of a snake, [66]
experiment of dividing an, [129], [146]
experiment on an exposed uncut, [136]
case of ossification of portion of an, [137]
Arundel, Earl of
Harvey accompanied the, on an embassy to the Emperor, [xxii]
Aselli
discovered the lacteals, [117], [186]
lacteal vessels of, referred to by Harvey, [197]
[B]
Baer, Von
Harvey, a precursor of, [xxi]
Bandages
on the arm to show flow of blood in the veins, [81] et seq.
Bauhin, Caspar
his observations on the heart, [31]
Bibliography
of Harvey’s works, [xxiv]
Bird
observations on the beat of the heart of a, [33]
observations on the heart of the chick, [34], [36]
Blood
its course from veins to arteries, [42]
in the lower animals, [43]
in the fœtus, [44]
its passage through the lungs, [48]
quantity of, passing through the heart, [55]
circular motion of the, [56]
demonstrated from impossibility of whole amount of, being derived from the ingesta, [58]
amount ejected from ventricle at each beat, [59]
enters a limb by arteries, leaves it by veins, [67]
circulation of, proved by experiments with ligatures, [67], [68]
quantity of, passing through bloodvessels supports circulation, [76]
circulation of, supported by valves in the veins, [78]
manner of escape of, in surgical operations, [107]
the whole of the, circulates, [114]
is cooled in passing through the lungs, [122]
force with which it flows from an artery, [136]
is of same nature in arteries and veins, [138], [143]
reasons why a different view has been held, [139], [140]
velocity of, varies in different parts, and at different times, [156]
gives heat to the heart, [167]
passage of, from arteries to veins, [xvi], [168]
[C]
Cæsalpinus, Andreas
claimed in Italy as the discoverer of the Circulation, [xi]
this claim criticised, [xii]
Calidum innatum, [145]
not distinct from the blood, [146]
Canalis arteriosus
of fœtus, shrinks gradually after birth, [45]
Capillaries
too minute for Harvey to see, [xvi]
first observed by Malpighi, [xvi]
Carotid artery
experiment on the, [129]
force with which blood flows from the, [136]
Charles I.
his interest in Harvey’s discovery, [xviii]
Harvey appointed physician to, [xxii]
remained such by request of the Parliament, [xviii]
dedication to, of treatise on Motion of Heart and Blood, [3]
present at a demonstration by Harvey, [153]
Chick
first sign of the heart in the, [34]
Aristotle on, [34]
observations of, on the fourth and fifth days of incubation, [36]
Chordæ tendineæ, [99], [100]
Chyle
absorbed by the blood, [92]
vessels containing, [186]
Circulation of the Blood
circulation as distinct from motion, [xii]
first suggested to Harvey’s mind, [56]
compared to circular movement of rain as suggested by Aristotle, [56]
confirmed by three propositions, [58]
varies in rapidity, [61]
explains the results of ligatures, [67] et seq.
explains phlebotomy, [73]
summary account of, [85], [168]
confirmed by probable reasons, [86]
proved by certain consequences, [90]
confirmed from structure of the heart in many different kinds of animals, [96]
doctrine of the, the opposite to that vulgarly entertained, [108]
first reply to Riolan on the, [111]
applies to the whole of the blood, [114]
in the mesentery, [119]
coronary, or a third and very short, [125]
through every part of the body, [126]
second reply to Riolan on the, [133]
reply to those who cry cui bono?, [149]
reasons given by opponents for not accepting the, [149], [150]
velocity of, varies with age, sex, temperament, etc., [156]
influenced by the emotions, [158]
recapitulation of work on Motion of Heart and Blood, [161]
interference with, followed by dangerous results, [171]
further illustrations of, [176] et seq.
Columbus, Realdus
claimed as discoverer of the Circulation, [xi]
referred to in relation to the Pulmonary Circulation, [12], [16], [50]
Columnæ carneæ
of the heart, [99]
Contagion
of disease spread, explained by circulation, [90]
nature of, referred to by Harvey, [193]
Contraction
the source of all animal motion, [102]
of the fibres of the heart, [105]
of muscles as aid to movement of blood in the veins, [116]
Conviction
means of acquiring, of physical truths discussed, [158]
Coronary
vessels supply the heart with blood, [88]
circulation, a third, very short, [125]
vein usually has a valve at its orifice, [125]
[D]
Darcy, Sir Robert
case of, illustrating obstruction of the circulation through the heart, [155]
Descartes
supports Harvey’s discovery, [xvii]
Harvey makes his acknowledgments to, [169]
his observations of the heart of a fish, [169]
his explanation of the pulse not accepted by Harvey, [170]
Diastole and Systole
of arteries as of the heart, [138]
constituting the pulse, [163]
Dissection
uses of, [112]
failed to reveal any of the “spirits” of the schoolmen, [141]
Diuretic
drinks, their quick action in illustration of the large quantity of blood circulating, [49]
Ductus arteriosus
shrinks gradually after birth, [45]
its function in the fœtus, [98]
[E]
Eel
observations on the heart of the, [33]
Embryology
Harvey a pioneer in the science of, [xx]
Ent, Dr. George
persuaded Harvey to publish his treatise on Generation, [xx]
directed in Harvey’s will to present his books and collections to the College of Physicians, [216]
Harvey left him his presses and shelves, [216]
Epigenesis
Harvey’s doctrine of, [xxi]
Erasistratus
thought the arteries contained only spirits or air, [40], [140]
Euripus
the tides of, the motion of the heart as perplexing as, [22]
Galen refers to, in speaking of the use of the semilunar valves, [53]
Riolan applies, to the movement of the blood in the mesenteric vessels, [115]
Experience
importance of, for scientific observation, [160]
Experiment
the direct appeal to, [viii]
Galen’s, to show arteries contain only blood, [12]
Galen’s, to show arteries filled like bellows, controverted by Harvey, [14]
of arteriotomy, [14], [28], [29]
Galen’s, of dividing the trachea, [18]
to observe the beating heart, [24]
of dividing the gill vessels of fishes, [28]
on the hearts of an eel, a fish, and a pigeon, [33]
to show the capacity of the left ventricle, [59]
on the heart of a snake, [65]
of tying the veins below the heart in serpents and fishes, [65]
on a man’s arm with a bandage, [68]
on the veins of the arm by ligatures, [82], [84]
of tying the vena cava near the heart and dividing carotid artery, [129]
Galen’s, on an artery, [134]
performed and disproved by Harvey, [135]
on an exposed undivided artery, [136]
to show the blood of arteries and veins the same, [138]
to show the different character of outflow of blood from artery and vein, [147]
to show blood cannot pass from heart by the veins, [147]
with the dried intestine of a dog filled with water to illustrate the pulse, [152]
on the jugular vein of a fallow deer, [153]
by appeal to, endeavour to demonstrate circulation, [163]
of dividing exposed artery to observe effect on pulse, [163]
of tying the pulmonary veins, [165]
of bandaging arm and plunging it into cold water, [168]
of tying the vena portae, [171]
of tying the vena cava near the crural veins, [172]
on the body of a man recently hanged, to show course of blood through lungs, [177]
[F]
Fabricius, Hieronymus, of Aquapendente
Harvey’s teacher of anatomy at Padua, [xiv]
his views on the heart and lungs, [9]
pulmonary veins, [18]
his anatomical work, [23]
discovered the valves of the veins, [78]
Finch, Heneage
Harvey’s cousin, advised him as to his will, [214]
witness to codicil of Harvey’s will, [217]
Fish
experiment on gill vessels of, [28]
observations on the heart of, [33]
the heart of, has only one ventricle, [42]
auricles of the heart of, [103]
Florence
Harvey refers to his visits to, [185], [194]
and three of his nephews, [199]
Flourens
on Harvey’s work, [viii]
Foramen ovale
of heart of fœtus, [20], [44]
its significance in fœtal life, [47], [98]
Frankfort-on-Main
Harvey’s treatise on the Heart and Blood first published there, [xv]
Fuliginous vapours
views of the ancients on, [ix], [10], [11], [17]
[G]
Galen
high regard in which he was held by mediævalists, [vii]
on the object of the pulse, [9]
his experiment to show arteries contain only blood, [12]
his experiment to prove arteries expand like bellows, and controverted by Harvey, [14]
his experiment of dividing the trachea of a dog, [18]
on the beat of the auricles, [32]
quotations from, on movement of the blood, [40], [41]
aware of the use of the semilunar valves, [51], [52]
believed blood passed from right ventricle into the lungs, [53]
on the structure of the heart, [105]
his experiment on an artery, [134]
performed and disproved by Harvey, [135]
Galileo
at Padua with Harvey, [vii], [xiv]
as a pioneer in scientific discovery, [viii]
Generation of Animals
Harvey’s treatise on, its publication, [xx]
interesting points in, [xxi]
Harvey refers to his work on the, [177]
Quotation from, on the Acquisition of Knowledge, [xix]
[H]
Haller
on Harvey’s discovery, [xiii]
Harvey
as a pioneer in scientific discovery, [viii]
greatness of his discovery, [viii], [ix]
his life, [xiii] et seq.
his views on controversy, [xviii], [133]
on the manner of acquiring knowledge, [xix]
his treatise on Generation, [xxi], [177]
his statue, [xxii]
oration in his memory, [xxii]
his brother Eliab, [xxiii], [212], [219]
his various works, [xxiv]
on the pursuit of truth, [7]
describes how his discovery was received, [23]
his letters, [175] et seq.
on the use of terms, [182]
his will, [212]
Heart
ideas about the, before the time of Harvey, [ix]
object of its beat connected with Respiration by old anatomists, [9]
movements of the, [24]
contracts and becomes paler at its beat, [24], [25]
does not suck in the blood, [27]
the auricles and ventricles of the, their movements, [31]
the auricles of the, the primum vivens, ultimum moriens, [34]
observations on the heart of the chick, [34], [36]
always has auricles or something analogous, [35]
of a shrimp, its movements studied, [36]
movements of, summarised, [37]
intimate connection of lungs and, a grand cause of error to the old observers, [39]
of fish, has only one ventricle, [42]
great vessels of the, in the embryo, [44]
foramen ovale of the, in the fœtus, [44], [98], [165]
of embryo, pulsation, etc., known to Aristotle, [45]
compared figuratively to the sun, [57]
amount of blood ejected at each beat of the, [59]
of a live snake, observations on, [65]
influenced by emotions, [87]
curious case of distended heart under emotion, [156]
coronary vessels of, [88]
only organ containing blood for general use, [88]
structure of the, in different classes of animals confirms the circulation, [97]
papillary muscles and chordæ tendineæ of, [99]
arrangement and use of the valves of the, [100]
the heart a muscle and acts as such, so called by Hippocrates, [104]
development of the, in the fœtus, [104]
arrangement of the fibres of, [105]
the first part which exists, [105]
high importance of the, in the bodily economy, [105]
distension of, after hanging, [154]
Sir Robert Darcy’s case of ruptured, [155]
receives heat from the blood, [167]
innate heat of, suggested as cause of the pulse, [168]
of the fish, observations of motions of the, [169]
Hippocrates
entitled the heart a muscle, [104]
his doctrine as to the constitution of the body, [142]
Hobbes
on the reception of Harvey’s discovery, [xvii]
Hofmann, Caspar
letter of Harvey to, [175]
Horst, J. D.
letters of Harvey to, [195], [197]
Huxley, Prof. T. H.
on Harvey’s treatise on Generation, [xxi]
[J]
Jugular vein
Experiment of dividing the, in the fallow deer, to show course of the contained blood, [153]
[K]
King, The. See [Charles I.]
[L]
Lacteals
discovered by Aselli, [117], [186]
Harvey refers to the researches of Aselli and Pecquet on the, [186]
Harvey discusses the, in a letter to R. Morison, [187], [188]
Lamentius, Andreas
quoted by Harvey, [20], [22]
Lennox, Duke of
Harvey accompanied him abroad, [xxii]
Letters
of Harvey, [173] et seq.
Ligature
of veins near the heart, [65]
assuming circulation, action and use of ligatures readily understood, [67], [68]
of vena cava, [129], [172]
of pulmonary veins, [165]
of vena portæ, [171]
Liver
absorbed food passes through the, [49]
absorbed chyle passes through the, [92]
in the fœtus, [92]
nature of blood brought to, [94]
chyle transferred to, by mesenteric vessels, [118]
Lungs
speculation on changes in the blood passing through the, [48]
blood cooled on passing through the, [122], [145]
course of blood through the, shown by an experiment on the body of a man recently hanged, [177]
[M]
Malpighi
the first to observe the capillaries, [xvi]
Medical Observations
Harvey refers to his, [157], [158], [171]
Medicines
externally applied confirm the circulation, [91]
Mesentery
bloodvessels of, [94], [115]
Harvey combats Riolan’s denial of circulation in vessels of the, [115]
Harvey suggests an experiment to convince him, [171]
valves in the mesenteric veins, [116]
veins of, transfer chyle to the liver, [118]
Metamorphosis
doctrine of, contrasted with that of Epigenesis, [xxi]
Mitral Valve
references to, [17], [101]
Aristotle’s error regarding the, [101]
Morison, R.
letter of Harvey to, [185]
Movement
of the heart, [24], [36]
of the auricles and ventricles, [31]
of the heart summarised, [37]
of the blood from veins to arteries, [42]
of the blood in the fœtus, [44]
lower animals, [43]
is circular, [58]
of the blood in the veins aided by the circumjacent muscles, [116]
Muscle
the heart a, and so called by Hippocrates, [104]
[N]
Nardi, John, of Florence
letters of Harvey to, [184], [193], [199]
Nutrition of the Tissues
connection of the, with the circulation, [119]
[O]
Oration, Harveian
founded by Harvey, delivered annually at the College of Physicians, [xxii]
[P]
Padua
Harvey and Galileo there together, [vii], [xiv]
famous for its university, [xiv]
Harvey studies medicine at, [xiv]
Parr, Thomas
anatomical examination of the body of, [207]
Pathology
how best advanced, [112]
Pecquet
Harvey refers to his discovery of the Receptaculum Chyli, [186]
Harvey praises his industry, [196]
See also [Lacteals]
Phlebotomy
explained by the circulation, [73]
shows nature of flow of blood in the veins, [154]
influenced by temperature and mental state, [157]
Physicians, College of
Harvey elected a Fellow of the, [xv]
Harvey built a Convocation Hall for, and gave books to, [xvii]
his treatise dedicated to President and Fellows of, [5]
Physiology
importance of its study, [112]
Poisons
action of, confirmatory of the circulation, [90]
Pulmonary Artery
formerly supposed to carry nourishment to lungs, [17]
why coats of, thinner than those of aorta, [107]
transmits far more blood than required for nutrition, [108]
Pulmonary Circulation
speculation as to its use, [48]
follows from continual passage of blood from right ventricle to lungs, and from lungs to left ventricle, [54]
course of, shown in body of a man recently hanged, [177]
Pulmonary Veins
ancient views regarding their function, [17]
Pulse
caused by contraction of the ventricle, [29]
due to the impulse or shock of the blood, [30]
Aristotle on the, [30]
found in all parts of the body, [121]
not inherent in walls of arteries, [135]
in an artery beyond an aneurism, [135]
in an artery beyond an ossified portion, [137]
illustrated by experiment with dried intestine of a dog, [152]
cause of, in arteries near the heart, [163]
[R]
Rabies
how confirmatory of the circulation, [90]
Riolan, John, Jun.
controversy with Harvey, [xix]
quoted on the movements of the heart, [31]
Harvey’s First Disquisition addressed to, [109]
presented a copy of his work to Harvey, [111]
his views on the circulation, [113]
denies the mesenteric circulation, [115]
favoured view that septum of heart is permeable, [123]
Harvey’s Second Disquisition to, [131]
[S]
Scarborough, Dr.
a friend to whom Harvey left his surgical instruments, [216]
and his velvet gown, [218]
directed by Harvey’s will to present to College of Physicians his books and collections, [216]
Science
dependent on pre-existing knowledge of more obvious things, [160]
Semilunar Valves
references to, [16], [45]
Galen aware of their use, [51]
function to prevent regurgitation, [116], [153]
Senses
facts cognisable by, wait on no opinion, [150]
importance of appealing to the, [158], [159]
Aristotle on trusting to the, [160]
Septum of the Heart
Cæsalpinus thought it permeable, [xii]
Harvey on the view that it is porous, [19], [20]
Riolan believed it porous, [123]
Servetus, Michael
gave a description of the pulmonary circulation, [x]
curious history of his work containing it, [xi]
Shrimp
movements of the heart of a, [36]
Sigmoid Valves
See [Semilunar]
Silvius, Jacobus
discovered the valves of the veins according to Riolan, [78]
Simon, Sir John
on Harvey’s discovery, [ix]
Slegel, P. M.
letter of Harvey to, [176]
Snake
observations of heart and bloodvessels of a live, [65]
Spirits
views of the ancients regarding, [ix]
arteries supposed to contain, by Erasistratus, [140]
the common subterfuge of ignorance, [141]
three kinds of, admitted by the medical schools, [141]
not distinct from the blood, [143], [146]
Spleen
bloodvessels connected with the, [94]
vein of, has a valve, [116]
Systole and Diastole
of arteries as of heart, [138]
constitute the pulse, [163]
observations on, [170]
[T]
Transmission of Disease
discussed, [193]
Tricuspid Valve
referred to, [16], [101], [153]
[U]
Umbilical Vein
function of, [118]
[V]
Valves
semilunar, [16], [45], [116], [153]
tricuspid, [16], [101], [153]
mitral, [17]
Galen on valve of pulmonary artery, [51]
of the veins discovered by Fabricius or Silvius, [78]
of veins, their structure, arrangement, and use of, [78], [80]
Fabricius did not understand use of valves of veins, [79]
of veins compared with sigmoid valves, [82]
experiments on the arm to show action of the, and how the blood moves in the veins, [82], [84]
not found in all veins, [116]
of the mesenteric veins, [116]
coronary vein has a valve at its orifice, [125]
Veins
pulmonary, ancient views regarding their position, [17]
near the heart, experiment of ligaturing the, [65]
of the arm, experiment on with bandages, [82], [84]
coronary, [88]
of the mesentery, the function of the, [118]
umbilical, function of, [118]
coronary vein has a valve at its orifice, [125]
experiment on, by cooling the arm, [168]
valves of the. See [Valves]
Vena cava
of snake, experiment upon the, [65]
experiment of tying, near the heart, [129]
Vena portæ
blood passes from the, through the liver, [118]
its branches, [128]
Harvey suggests the experiment of ligaturing it, [171]
Ventricle
no right ventricle if no lung, [15], [54]
the left, the principal part of the heart, [98]
the left, three times thicker than the right, [100]
case of rupture of the, [155]
Ventricles
structure of both, almost identical, [15]
both contract simultaneously, [19]
movements and use of the, [37]
in the fœtal heart, [98]
valves of the, [100]
Vesalius
the “Father of Anatomy”, [x]
Professor of Anatomy at Padua, [xiv]
did not properly understand the heart’s motion, [26]
refers to Galen’s experiment on an artery, [135]
wrong in his interpretation of Galen’s experiment, [138]
Vlackveld, John
letter of Harvey to, [200]
[W]
Warmth
felt in the hand on loosening bandage on the arm, [69]
restored to parts chilled by the influx of blood, [121], [146]
Will
of Harvey drawn up by Heneage Finch, [212], [214]
proved by Eliab Harvey, [219]
legacies by, to Drs. Scarborough and Ent, [216]
Wolff, Caspar
Harvey as forerunner of, [xxi]
FOOTNOTES:
[1] Flourens, Histoire de la Découvert de la Circulation du Sang, 1854.
[2] Harvey Tercentenary Memorial Meeting, Folkestone, September 6, 1871.
[3] De humani Corporis fabrica,1543.
[4] Vasari: “Lives of the Painters,” vols. iii. 519, v. 402 (Bohn’s ed.).
[5] Restitutio Christianismi, 1553.
[6] Institutiones Anatomici, Epistola Nuncupatoria, 1539.
[7] De Re Anatomica, 1559.
[8] Quæstiones Peripateticæ, 1569. De Plantis, 1583.