| PAGE | |
| Tattooed Kayan Married Woman | [Frontispiece.] |
| Aban Avit’s House on the Tinjar | [1] |
| Posts Erected in Front of a House after a Head-hunt | [2] |
| Veranda of Abun’s House at Long-Lama on the Baram | [4] |
| Jungle in the Low-country, near the Baram Fort | [6] |
| Kaluri, Musical Instruments | [8] |
| Family-room, or Lamin, in Abun’s House on the Baram | [10] |
| Veranda of a newly built Iban House on the Bakong River | [12] |
| Tama Bulan | [16] |
| Handle of a Parang | [20] |
| Chinese Bazaar at Claudetown—Baram Fort | [22] |
| Scene on the Baram | [24] |
| Group of Kenyah Youths | [26] |
| Bulan, Daughter of Tama Bulan | [28] |
| Group of Boys | [30] |
| Kenyah Women in Ordinary Costume | [34] |
| Making Fire with a ‘Fire-drill’ | [38] |
| Mujan, One of the Belles of Tama Bulan’s Household | [46] |
| Sara, Another Belle of Tama Bulan’s Household | [48] |
| Aban Avit, a Berawan Chief of the Tinjar | [54] |
| A Kayan Youth, with the Raised Scar, called by the Natives ‘Gum Toh,’ a Ghost’s Clutch | [56] |
| Veranda of Aban Avit’s House | [58] |
| Skull of a Chief of the Kelabit Tribe | [60] |
| One of the Belles of Aban Avit’s House | [62] |
| The Drudge of a Kayan Household | [64] |
| Veranda of Aban Deng’s House on the Apoh | [66] |
| Bornean War-costume | [68] |
| Council of War, during a March to the House of an Enemy | [70] |
| Chief and Two Slaves in War-costume | [72] |
| Instruments used in preparing Poisoned Darts | [74] |
| Kayan War-coat of Goat’s Skin | [74] |
| War-canoe, or Racing-canoe | [76] |
| Figure-head of a Long War-canoe | [78] |
| Kelavit Bok, a Hairy Shield | [80] |
| Poling Canoes over Shallow Rapids | [82] |
| The War-party halted on a ‘Karangan’ to cook breakfast | [84] |
| Armed Warriors on a Narrow Trail in the Jungle | [86] |
| A Stealthy Approach to the House of an Enemy | [88] |
| The Return from a Head-hunt | [90] |
| War-caps of Rattan and Split Bamboo | [92] |
| Grave of Oyong Luhat | [94] |
| War-coat and Cap made of the Skin of a Manis | [96] |
| A Charm against Fever | [98] |
| Decorated Store-house for Rice | [100] |
| River Bank in Front of a Long-house | [104] |
| Canoes of the Peace-party in a Quiet Reach between Rapids | [106] |
| River Scene in the Heart of Borneo | [108] |
| Laki Jok Orong, a Rejang River Chief | [110] |
| Door-frame From the House of Tama Aping Pang | [114] |
| Aban Liah | [116] |
| A Contingent of the Peace-party | [118] |
| Lian Avit, a Leppu Annan, with Tipang, his Wife | [122] |
| Ibans Bargaining for Valuable Chinese Jars | [126] |
| Tama Aping Buling’s House on the Tinjar | [128] |
| Women of the Household of Tama Balan Deng | [136] |
| Grave of the Wife of Orang Kaya Temangang Lawi | [142] |
| Moss-covered Jungle on the Summit of Mount Dulit | [144] |
| Batu, Youngest Son of the Kayan Chief Oyong Luhat | [146] |
| Tattoo Designs on the Forearms of Kayan and Kenyah Women | [148] |
| Tattoo Designs of Ibans of the Rejang and Kenyahs of the Baram | [148] |
| Tattooing on the Forearms and Feet of a Kenyah Woman | [150] |
| Tattooing a Kayan Girl | [152] |
| Kenyah Woman With Elongated Ear-lobes | [154] |
| Batu, a Kayan Youth of the Baram District | [156] |
| Iban Ornamentation of the Teeth | [156] |
| Malanau Head-compression | [158] |
| Ibans Felling a Buttress Tree | [160] |
| Field of Hill Rice | [162] |
| Iban Camphor Collectors Splitting a Camphor Tree | [164] |
| Punan Camphor Collectors | [166] |
| Kayan Camphor Collectors Selling the Crystals to Chinese Traders | [168] |
| Tama Balan Deng, a Sibop | [170] |
| Pipes and other Requisites to Tobacco-smoking | [170] |
| Punan Huts | [172] |
| Punan Girl Straining grated Tapioca | [172] |
| Hunting Small Game with the Sumpit | [174] |
| Women and Children of the Punan Encampment near the Head-waters of the Dapoi | [174] |
| Girls in the House of Tama Balan Deng, grating Tapioca | [176] |
| Punan Women Straining grated Tapioca | [176] |
| Punan Woman Carrying her Baby in a Sling made of Rattan | [178] |
| Orang-Kaya Perkassa | [180] |
| Household Gods of Orang-Kaya Perkassa | [180] |
| Birds’-nest Caves at Niah | [182] |
| Punan Huts within the Birds’-nest Caves | [182] |
| Punans Camped for the Night | [184] |
| Scene on a level stretch of River in the Central Highlands | [186] |
| Flat Palm-leaf Hat worn by Women | [188] |
| A Kenyah Grave | [190] |
THE TATTOOING OF A KAYAN MARRIED WOMAN
ABAN AVIT’S HOUSE, ON THE TINJAR
THE CLUSTER OF STAKES AND POLES IN THE FOREGROUND IS A CHARM TO DRIVE AWAY THE EVIL SPIRITS OF ILLNESS. IN THE LEFT CORNER OF THE PICTURE, THE TALLER POLE, DECORATED WITH STRIPS OF PALM LEAVES, IS THE RECORD OF A SUCCESSFUL HEAD-HUNT. THE PHOTOGRAPH SHOWS ABOUT TWO-THIRDS OF THE LENGTH OF THE HOUSE.
THE
HOME-LIFE OF BORNEO HEAD-HUNTERS
ITS FESTIVALS AND FOLK-LORE
HOME-LIFE
The houses in which the Borneo people live are the outcome of a life of constant apprehension of attacks from head-hunters. In union alone is strength. Surrounded by a dense jungle which affords, night and day, up to the very steps to their homes, a protecting cover for enemies, the Borneans live, as it were, in fighting trim, with their backs to a hollow square. A village of scattered houses would mean the utmost danger to those on the outskirts; consequently, houses which would ordinarily form a village have been crowded together until one roof covers them all. The rivers and streams are the only thoroughfares in the island, and village houses are always built close to the river-banks, so that boats can be quickly reached; this entails another necessity in the construction of the houses. The torrents during the rainy season, which, on the western half of the island, lasts from October till February, swell the rivers with such suddenness and to such an extent that in a single night the water will overflow banks thirty feet high, and convert the jungle round about into a soggy swamp; unless the houses were built of stone they would be inevitably swept away by the rush of water; wherefore the natives build on high piles and live above the moisture and decay of the steaming ground.