The home-life of Borneo head-hunters

by William Henry Furness

• Aban,—the prefix to a name, [18], [55]
• Aban Avit, [55]
• Aban Avit’s veranda, [57], [66]
• Aban Jau’s house, [111]
• Aban Liah, [116]
• Aban Liah’s final illness, [132]
• Abun, the Chief at Long Lama, [69]
• Admiration denoted by clucks, [101]
• Adorn, [26]
• Affection among the Borneans, [141]
• Amau,—Omen birds and mammals, [160]
• Ambuscade, a Bornean, [83]
• Amok at Tama Aping Buling’s, [134]
• Apoi, [27]
• Appreciation of photographs, [125]
• Appreciation of foreign songs, [27]
• Arrack, drinking of, at naming ceremony, [42]
• Attainment of paradise, [63]
• Attempt to deceive the Omen birds, [28]
• Bállo,—the prefix to a name, [18]
• Bamboo, burning a strip of, to determine the giving of a name, [41]
• Bamboo, ceremonial use of ashes of, [41], [42]
• Bamboo drinking-cups, [107], [108]
• Bananas, salt, and ginger root given at a Naming, [35], [42]
• Batu, [76]
• Beads, Lukut sekála, [118]
• Beads, imitation of valuable, [118]
• Belief in future life, [62]
• Benefits from skulls hung in veranda, [59]
• Berawans,—Disposal of the dead, [139]
• ‘Bintang sikópa’, [62]
• Bird’s-nest caves, [178], [181]
• Blackening the teeth, [157]
• Blari, [27]
• Blood, indifference to sight of, [62]
• Blood of a fowl, inspection of, [50]
• Blow-pipes, the making of, [113]
• Blow-pipes among the Punans, [177]
• Borrowing a head, [88]
• Breaking a taboo, [115]
• Bulan, daughter of Tama Bulan, [29]
• Bulun matai, Fields of the Dead, [61]
• Burial in jars, [139]
• Burial of a Chief, [140]
• Burial custom in the Naga Hills of Assam, [144]
• Burial of Punans, [183]
• Calling the name to revive a dying person, [50]
• Camphor collecting, [167]
• Camphor collecting, pre-empting a river, [115]
• Camphor language, [168]
• Camphor, reluctance to mention, [17]
• Cases for war-coats, [8]
• Casting off the taboos of mourning, [92]
• Caves, bird’s nest, [178-181]
• Ceremonial fire, [37]
• Ceremonies at the naming of a Chief’s son, [16]
• Ceremonies on the return from a war expedition, [90]
• Changing name after sickness, [16]
• Chanting of returning warriors, [91]
• Charm to divert evil Spirits at the Lelak house, [99]
• Charms for abundant crops, [164]
• Charms worked with portraits of a person, [179]
• Children initiated as warriors, [92]
• Cigarette-making, [30]
• Clucking to denote admiration, [101]
• Communication between Omen birds and man, [162]
• Conjunctivitis, [26]
• Conveying thanks to Omen birds, [78]
• Cord of life,—Tebuku urip,—Naming Ceremony, [34]
• Corpse, presents to a, [166]
• Costume of Berawan women while mourning, [139]
• Costume of Kayans and Kenyahs, [21]
• Council Negri, [20]
• Council of war, [73]
• Crops, charms for abundant, [164]
• Cupping to relieve headache, [49]
• Curled shavings on sticks, [168]
• Cursing a house, [136]
• Daily routine of household, [12]
• Dancing performed by women of the Lelak household, [101]
• Dayong, the, in case of illness, [12]
• Dayong’s attempt to recall a departing soul, [50]
• Dead bodies not carried through usual doorways, [52]
• Dead father’s name not mentioned, [17]
• Death posts, [67]
• Decorated house posts, [56]
• Decorating grave of dead Chief, [94]
• Deer may not be cooked in the house, [71]
• Deng, [27]
• Depilation of eyebrows and eyelashes, [158]
• Designs tattooed on the legs and arms of Kayan and Kenyah women, [148]
• Determining a name by burning a loop of bamboo, [41]
• Disposal of the dead,—Berawans, [139]
• Dogs, [8]
• Dreams, auspicious and prohibitory, to perforating the ears, [156]
• Drinking arrack at a Naming, [42]
• Drinking-cups, bamboo, [107], [108]
• Drinking a toast, [106]
• Dulit, Mount, [144]
• Ear-lobes, elongated, [153]
• Ear ornaments, [155]
• Ears, perforation of, [156]
• Early training of a Head-hunter, [54]
• Eating of the flesh of deer, [166]
• ‘Eat slowly’, [80]
• Edible bird’s-nests, [178], [182]
• Education in indifference to sight of blood, [62]
• Eternal life in the jungle, [64]
• Etiquette in regard to weapons, [56]
• Etiquette in entering a house, [130]
• Evening chat with Aban Avit, [57]
• Evil omens in pig’s liver at Aban Liah’s feast, [121]
• Evil omen in pig’s liver at Tama Aping Buling’s, [132]
• Evil Spirits exorcised by fire, [28]
• Evil Spirits exorcised at the Naming ceremony, [33], [39]
• Evil Spirits exorcised by spitting, [28]
• Evil Spirits exorcised when a dog touches a rice-mortar, [165]
• Evil Spirits warded off by gong-beating, [34]
• Eyelashes and eyebrows depilated, [158]
• Exhortation to the sacrificial pig at Aban Liah’s, [120]
• Exorcism of Evil Spirits, [28], [33], [39]
• Facsimile of valuable beads, [118]
• Family rooms (Lamin), [9]
• Fat pork feast at Naming ceremony, [44]
• Fear of making life-like images or pictures, [56]
• Feast at Tama Aping Buling’s, [133]
• Feast after return of war party, [95]
• Feast, injunction at beginning of, [47]
• Feasting of a war party, [80]
• Female tattooers, [151]
• Fields of the dead, [61]
• Fine for violating a permantong, [12]
• Fire, a means of communicating with Omen birds, [4], [78]
• Fire, ceremonial, [37]
• Fire-drill, [37]
• Fireplaces, [4]
• Fire-saw, [37]
• Fish not spoken of before a Tuba fishing, [17], [186]
• Flattening heads, [158]
• Food, [11]
• Food of Punans, [175]
• Freeing women from mourning restrictions, [93]
• Future life, Belief in a, [62]
• Game of tag in the water, [14]
• Gathering edible bird’s-nests, [182]
• Gau, [27]
• Ghost’s clutch, [54]
• Ginger root, salt, and bananas given at Naming ceremony, [35], [42]
• Gong-beating to counteract effects of photography, [180]
• Gong-beating to ward off evil Spirits, [34]
• Government’s pig at the feast at Tama Aping Buling’s, [131]
• Grave, decoration of a Chief’s, [94]
• Greeting, absence of signs of, [142]
• Grippe in Borneo, [25]
• Grippe at Tama Bulan’s, [49]
• Guest chambers in Lelak house, [102]
• Handling of skulls, [65]
• Harvest festival, [164]
• Hawk-men,—Laki Niho, [161]
• Head, borrowing a, [88]
• Head-flattening, [158]
• Head-hunter, early training of a, [54]
• Head-hunters, mark of successful, [147]
• Head-hunting, Origin of, [59]
• Head-hunting, punishment for, [69]
• Horn-bill, Image of, hung with cigarettes, [31]
• Hose, Dr. Charles, invitation to people of Batang Kayan, [109]
• House-building, [1], [3], [4]
• House-building, sacrifice, [3]
• House-posts, decorated, [56]
• Humble attitude of women, [171]
• Husking rice, [7]
• Iban ear ornaments, [156]
• Iban tattooing, [148]
• Ill luck consigned to miniature boat, [179]
• Images, fear of making life-like, [56]
• Image of horn-bill hung with cigarettes, [31]
• Images made to work evil as they decay, [93]
• Importance of a name, [18]
• Indemnity,—Usut, [112], [163]
• Indifference to sight of blood, [62]
• Inflammation of the eyes, [26]
• Influence of skulls hung in the veranda, [65]
• Initiation of children as warriors, [92]
• Injunction at beginning of feast, [47]
• Ink for tattooing, [152]
• Inspection of pig’s liver at Aban Liah’s feast, [120]
• Inspection of spattering of blood from a fowl, [50]
• Instruction in the art of defence, [75]
• Invocation of the sacred pig at a Naming, [40]
• Invocation to the Spirits before a Tuba fishing, [188]
• Iron given for infringement of permantong, [163]
• Isit, the Omen-bird, [167]
• Jamma, [110]
• Jamma’s curse on Tama Aping Buling’s house, [136]
• Jamma’s feigned death, [135]
• Jawa, [116], [130]
• Jawa, Violation of rules of, [129]
• Jawa, or peace-making, [97]
• Joke, a Bornean, [128]
• Journey to Tama Bulan’s, [24]
• Juman, [68]
• Jungle, the, [64]
• Kaluri, kaludi, or kaleeri (musical instrument), [6]
• Kaluri among Naga tribes, [6]
• Kayan songs, [81]
• Kayan war dances, [101]
• Kayans and Kenyahs, [21]
• Kayans and Kenyahs, Costume of, [21]
• Kenyah lunar calendar, [31]
• Kayu urip,—Tree of life, [34]
• Killing of Tinggi the murderer, [68]
• Kilup breaks the rules of Jawa, [129]
• Kissing, the Bornean custom, [13]
• Kromong, a musical instrument, [110]
• Kükenthal, Dr. Willy, [105]
• Lack of affection, [141]
• Laid Jok Orang, [106]
• Laki La, [53]
• Laki Niho,—Hawk-men, [161]
• Laki Oi, Kayan Prometheus, [37]
• Laki Pesong,—the Fire-saw, [37]
• Lali, or permantong, [160]
• Lali of the pregnant rice, [164]
• Lali imposed on unnamed child, [32]
• Lali of mourning removed, [94]
• Lamin, or family rooms, [9]
• Language of camphor collectors, [168]
• Laram—meaning cool—idiomatic use of, [39]
• Legend about origin of head-hunting, [59]
• Lelak clan or tribe, [99]
• Lelak, guest chamber, [102]
• Leppu Anans, a small clan or tribe, [124]
• Leput,—blow-pipes—Manufacture of, [113]
• Leron clan, Jawa ceremonies, [117]
• Lijow, Tama Bulan’s son, [42]
• Lishun, [26]
• Love tokens before a war expedition, [75]
• Lueng’s death at Tama Bulan’s, [49]
• Lukut Sekála, valuable beads, [118]
• Lunar calendar, [31]
• Ma Obat, [84]
• Madong, [76]
• Manin,—meaning warm—idiomatic use of, [39]
• Manufacture of Sumpits or blow-pipes, [115]
• Mark of successful Head-hunter, [147]
• Marksmanship with the blow-pipe, [177]
• Maternal advice before a war expedition, [76]
• Meals, [11]
• Medicine, Rhinoceros used as, [176]
• Method of burial among the Berawans, [139]
• Method of tattooing, [151]
• Methods of resuscitating a fainting woman, [49]
• Miniature boat to carry away ill-luck, [179]
• Moon, Phases of, [31]
• Mosquitoes, [23]
• Mourning for a dead Chief, [139]
• Mourning, restrictions of, removed, [92]
• Mourning, restrictions of, removed from women, [93]
• Mount Dulit, [144]
• Musa—the Fire-saw, [37]
• Music of the kaluri, [7]
• Music of the kromong, [111]
• Mutilation of the ears, [155]
• Naga Hills, burial customs in, [144]
• Nalika,—the Fire-drill, [37]
• Name, determination of, [41]
• Name of dead father not mentioned, [17]
• Name, Reluctance in telling, [16]
• Name, Importance of, [18]
• Names of tattoo designs, [147]
• Names, Paraphrases of, [18]
• Names of relatives not mentioned, [17]
• Naming ceremonies, [16]
• Naming ceremonies, fat pork feast, [44]
• Naming ceremonies, exhortation of sacred pig, [40]
• Naming a Kenyah child, [32]
• New Fire, [37]
• Niah village and bird’s-nest caves, [178]
• Night before a war expedition, [32]
• Nicknames of very young children, [74]
• Nipa palms, [23]
• Oaths on a tiger’s tooth, [133]
• Object of a hunt not mentioned, [17]
• Objection to having idols photographed, [180]
• Observation of Omens before clearing of the jungle, [162]
• Occupations of the Punans, [175]
• Omen animals, [161]
• Omen birds and mammals—amau, [160]
• Omen birds, attempts to deceive, [28]
• Omen birds, communication between man and the, [162]
• Omen birds conveying thanks to, [4], [78]
• Omen bird,—Isit, [167]
• Omens in pig’s liver, [43]
• Omens in pig’s liver at Aban Liah’s feast, [121]
• Omens in pig’s liver at Tama Aping Buling’s feast, [132]
• Omen birds of house-building, [4]
• Operation of wet-cupping, [49]
• Orang Kaya Perkassa, [178]
• Oratory, [73], [123]
• Ordeal of a feast of raw pork, [44]
• Origin of head-hunting, [59]
• Origin of Punans, Legend, [183]
• Ornaments worn in the ears, [155]
• Ornamentation of the teeth, [157]
• ‘Pakat Abong’, [186]
• Paradise, attainment of, [63]
• Parangs, taken off on entering a veranda, [56]
• Paraphrases of names, [18]
• Peace-making, or Jawa, [97]
• Perforation of the ears, [155]
• Permantong or Lali, [160]
• Permantong before house-building, [4]
• Permantong, breaking of a, [115]
• Permantong during sickness, [12]
• Permantong during camphor collecting, [169]
• Permantong, fine for violation of, [12]
• Permantong of a room, [12]
• Permantong in a Kayan house, [166]
• Permantong, infringement of, [163]
• Personal embellishment, [146]
• Pestles used in husking rice, [7]
• Phases of the moon, [31]
• Photographing the Punans, [174]
• Photographing idols, objection to, [180]
• Photography, evil effects of, [34]
• Photography, superstitions in regard to, [179]
• Pictures of animals always conventionalised, [56]
• Pig’s liver, Omens consulted in, [43]
• Pipes, tobacco, [171]
• Planting the corner-post of a house, [3]
• Platforms on the veranda, [6]
• Plugs of brass in the teeth, [157]
• Portrait of a woman taken by Dr. Kükenthal, [105]
• Posts recording head-hunts, [2], [67]
• Pre-empting a river for camphor collecting, [115]
• Prefixes of names, Meaning of, [55]
• Preliminary to speech-making, [122]
• Preparation for war expedition, [74]
• Presents to guests at Naming ceremony, [55]
• Presents to a corpse, [166]
• Presents sent to tribes on Batang Kayan River, [108]
• Primitive customs revived in all ceremonies, [90]
• Pronouncing a name for the first time at a Naming, [42]
• Propitiation of Spirits before tattooing, [151]
• Propriety in broaching a subject for discussion, [73]
• Punans, [170]
• Punans,—burial customs, [183]
• Punans’ bill of fare, [175]
• Punans’ fear of water, [177]
• Punans’ method of preparing tapioca, [176]
• Punans, relationship to Long Wats, [183]
• Punans, story of their origin, [183]
• Punans, Village of, [173]
• Punans, Village of, in bird’s-nest caves, [184]
• Punishment for head-hunting, [69]
• Purification after unlucky journey, [28]
• ‘Put,’—a blow-pipe, Manufacture of, [113]
• Rack on which parangs are hung, [56]
• Raw pork feast, [44]
• Reasons for obtaining heads, [65]
• Recalling the soul of a dying person, [50], [51]
• Relationship of Punans to Long Wats, [183]
• Religion of the Borneans, Negative, [64]
• Reluctance to mention the name of the object of a search, [17]
• Retaliation for the killing of Tinggi, [69]
• Return of a war expedition, [90]
• Return to earth of Spirits of the dead, [140]
• Rhinoceros used as medicine, [176]
• Rice husking, [7]
• Rice mortars, [7]
• Rice mortars protected during the Permantong Padi, [165]
• Rivers pre-empted for camphor collecting, [115]
• River scenery, [23]
• Rivers tabooed, sign of, [167]
• Rules of Tama Bulan’s house, [20]
• Running amuck, [134]
• Sacrifice of slave girl—house-building, [3]
• Sacrifice of slave girl at burial of a Chief, [140]
• Sacrifice of slave for education of boys, [62]
• Sacrifice of pig on arrival of a Peace party, [126]
• Salt, ginger root, and bananas given at a Naming, [35], [42]
• Second day’s ceremony of Naming, [36]
• Serious consequences to us on account of Lueng’s death, [52]
• Shaving the hair after mourning, [92]
• Shavings, curled, on sticks, [168]
• Shy Punan maiden, [172]
• Sign of permantong of a river, [167]
• Sign of permantong in case of sickness, [12]
• Singing among the Kayans, [81]
• Skulls, the handling of, [65]
• Skulls, influence of, hung in veranda, [65]
• Skulls in Aban Avit’s veranda, [58]
• Slaves, sacrifice of, [62], [140]
• Sleeping-closets, [10]
• Smearing face and body with soot as sign of mourning, [139]
• ‘Snappang,’ the name for a gun, [68]
• Soap, [13]
• Songs, appreciation of foreign, [27]
• Speech-making, [73]
• Speech-making at Aban Liah’s, [122]
• Spitting to banish evil Spirits, [28]
• Spitting on the hair cut off after mourning, [93]
• Sprinkling with water at a Naming, [39]
• Start of a war party, [77]
• Sticks cut into curled shavings, [168]
• Stinging ants, [177]
• Stretching the lobes of the ears, [153]
• Substitution of names, [17], [18], [55], [186]
• Summit of Mount Dulit, [144]
• Sumpits,—blow-pipes—Manufacture of, [113]
• Superstition with regard to photography, [179]
• Table manners, [11]
• Taboo or permantong, [160]
• Taboo, the breaking of, [115]
• Tag in the water, Game of, [14]
• ‘Tama’, [18]
• Tama Aping Buling’s house, [127]
• Tama Balan Deng’s house, [136]
• Tama Bulan, [18], [21]
• Tama Bulan’s son, [30]
• Tama Bulan’s farewell to the Peace party, [109]
• Tama Liri’s house, [103]
• Tama Talun, [27]
• Tapioca, Method of preparation, [176]
• Tattoo designs, names of, [147]
• Tattooers, female, [151]
• Tattooing, propitiation of spirits before, [151]
• Tattooing of Kayan men, [146]
• Tattooing of Kayan and Kenyah women, [148]
• Tattooing needle and ink, [152]
• ‘Tebok bulu,’—bamboo cup, [107]
• ‘Tebuku Tali’ (note), [34]
• ‘Tebuku urip,’—cord of life, [34]
• Teeth, Ornamentation of, [157]
• Terluat, [27]
• Tiger skin regarded with awe, [133]
• Tiger skin used in uttering a curse, [136]
• Tiger’s tooth, oath sworn on, [133]
• ‘Tigga’—charms for the crops, [164]
• Timidity of Punans, [173]
• Tina—a prefix to a name, [18]
• Tinggi, a murderer, [68]
• Toasts, the Bornean custom of giving, [105]
• Tobacco growing wild, [183]
• Tobacco pipes, [171]
• ‘Toh Lali’, [163]
• Tokong, the father of head-hunting, [59]
• Tone of voice of Punans, [174]
• Tree of life,—Kaya Urip—Naming ceremony, [34]
• Tuba berábut, and Tuba ja jaran, [185]
• Tuba-fishing, [185]
• Tuba-fishing, fish not mentioned before, [17], [186]
• Tuba-fishing, invocation of spirits, [188]
• Unfavourable sign in pig’s liver at Aban Liah’s feast, [121]
• Unnamed children, [18], [32]
• Unselfish love not a trait of the Borneans, [141]
• ‘Usut,’ The rite of giving, [112], [163]
• Valuable beads,—Lukut Sekála, [118]
• Verandas of Kayan and Kenyah houses, [4]
• Violation of the rules of ‘Jawa’, [129]
• Wailing for the dead, [52], [138]
• War-coats, cases for, [8]
• War dances, [101]
• War expedition, [67]
• War expedition, ceremonies on return of, [90]
• War expedition, preparation for, [74]
• War party, the feasting of a, [80]
• Water, use of, in Naming ceremony, [39]
• Wawa monkey sacred to some families, [55]
• Weapons, etiquette in regard to, [56]
• Wet cupping, [49]
• Why the Balira is a bony fish, [187]
• Wild tobacco, [183]
• Wit of Borneans, [128]
• Women dressing as men, [164]
• Women, humble attitude of, [171]
• Wooden discs as ear-ornaments, [155]
• Words of invitation to a feast, [80]