Future Tense

Singular baigu-non I shall speak
baimu-non thou shalt speak
bai-non he shall speak
Plural absolute baida-non-ad, -ed, -od we, you, they, will speak
Plural restrictive baigu-non-ad we alone will speak
baimu-non-ad you alone will speak
baira-non-ad they alone will speak
Dual absolute baida-non-ou we two will speak
Dual restrictive baigu-non-ou we two alone will speak
baimu-non-ou you two alone will speak
baira-non-ou they two alone will speak

Imperative

Singular mu-non speak thou
n̄ḡe-non let him speak
Plural mu-non-ad you speak
n̄ḡara-non-ad let them speak
Dual mu-non-ou you two speak
n̄ḡara-non-ou let those two speak
Past participle ken-non spoken

It is not to be supposed that these hyphens are observable in the spoken language. “In forming the dual from the plural,” says the Padre, “it is to be observed that it is necessary to change only the suffix ad into on wherever it occurs. It may be noticed also that the difference in the tenses is marked by the prefix to the root and its prefix in the present tense and not by the termination: the prefix ke or ka (ke gu-non) for the present perfect and preterite, and bai (bai gu-non) for the future.”

ADVERBS

There is a certain class of words, which in Uap, but not in English, serve as adverbs, as follows: baiu or bau—where, or wherein; urai—here; uara—there; uaram—yonder; ulang—above; ubut—below; butsugur—near; uen—outside; urun̄ḡin or ebinau—everywhere; utoluk—in the middle; lan̄ḡin (lang-u-in)—inside; dekem (dek-u-em) on the top of; tan̄ḡin (tang-u-in)—underneath, below.

It will be noticed that in all these words the vowel sound of u is present. When this vowel sound is doubled it conveys the idea of “from,” as follows: uuroi—from here; uuro—from there; uurom—from yonder; uubut—from below; uulang—from above; uubutsugur—from near; uubutorel—from far; uulan̄ḡin—from inside; uuen—from outside.

The interrogation bau, or danduu, or darduu may be used, as meaning, whither does the road lead to such and such a house or village.

Again the prefix n̄ḡa means “toward.” Thus n̄ḡan—toward where; n̄ḡarai—toward here; n̄ḡara—toward there; n̄ḡaram—toward yonder; n̄ḡalang—toward above; n̄ḡabut—toward below; n̄ḡalangin—toward inside; n̄ḡauen—toward outside.