CALUMET, or peace-pipe, old description of, [178], note.

CAP BLANC, name which Champlain gave to Cape Cod, [110].

CAP ROUGE, fortified by Cartier; seat of Roberval's settlement, [63].

CARTIER, JACQUES, his first voyage, [54]; his duplicity, [55]; believed that he had found sea-route to India, [56]; in second voyage explored the St. Lawrence, [57]; names Mont Royal (later Montreal), [60]; his fearful experience, [61]; his treachery, [62]; his last voyage futile, [62].

CARVER, JONATHAN, early traveler, describes remains of ancient fortification, [301], note; and Falls of St. Anthony, [306], note.

CAT ISLAND (Ile des Chats), origin of name, [281].

CATLIN, GEORGE, [322]; his theory of the origin of the Mandans, [326].

CAVELIER, ROBERT, SIEUR DE LA SALLE.

CAYUGAS, a tribe of the Iroquois League, [9].

CENIS INDIANS, branch of Caddo (Pawnee) family, visited by La Salle, [269].