PRESCOTT'S WORKS.
One-Volume Edition.
———
FERDINAND AND ISABELLA, 5s.
CONQUEST OF MEXICO. 5s.
CONQUEST OF PERU. 5s.
PHILIP THE SECOND. Vols. I. and II. in One Vol., 5s.
PHILIP THE SECOND. Vol. III., and ESSAYS, in One Vol., 5s.
CHARLES THE FIFTH. 5s.

CONTENTS
OF
THE THIRD VOLUME.

[BOOK V.]
[CHAPTER I.]
PAGE
The Moors of Spain[1]
Conquest of Spain by the Arabs[1]
Hostility between the Two Races[2]
The Country recovered by the Spaniards[2]
Effect of the Struggle on the National Character[2]
Religious Intolerance of the Spaniards[3]
Attempts to convert the Moslems[3]
Policy of Ximenes[3]
Suppression of the Mahometan Worship[4]
Outward Conformity to Christianity[4]
Moors abandon their National Habits[4]
Their Condition under Philip the Second[5]
Their Industry and Commerce[5]
Treatment by the Government[6]
Ordinance of 1563[8]
Stringent Measures called for by the Clergy[9]
Prepared by the Government[9]
Severity of the Enactments[10]
Approval of them by Philip[11]
Proclamation at Granada[12]
Indignation of the Moriscoes[12]
Representations to Deza[12]
Appeal to the Throne[13]
Rejection of their Prayers[14]
[CHAPTER II.]
Rebellion of the Moriscoes[14]
The Edict enforced[14]
Plans for Resistance by the Moriscoes[15]
Their Descent on Granada[16]
Failure of the Attempt[16]
General Insurrection[17]
Election of a King[17]
Character of Aben-Humeya[18]
His Coronation[18]
His Preparations for Defence[19]
The Christian Population[19]
Unsuspicious of their Danger[19]
Attacked by the Moors—Panic[20]
General Massacre[21]
Horrible Cruelties[21]
Fate of the Women and Children[22]
Fierceness of Aben-Farax[23]
Deposed from his Command[23]
[CHAPTER III.]
Rebellion of the Moriscoes[24]
Consternation in the Capital[24]
Mutual Fears of the Two Races[24]
Garrison of the Alhambra strengthened[25]
Troops mustered by Mondejar[25]
Civic Militia—Feudal Levies[25]
Warlike Ecclesiastics[26]
March of the Army[26]
Pass of Tablate[27]
Bridge crossed by a Friar[27]
The Army follows[28]
The Moriscoes withdraw[28]
Entrance into the Alpujarras[28]
Night Encampment at Lanjaron[29]
Relief of Orgiba[29]
Mondejar pursues his March[30]
Gloom of the Mountain Scenery[30]
Defile of Alfajarali[30]
Sudden Attack[30]
Bravery of the Andalusian Knights[31]
Precipitate Retreat of the Moriscoes[31]
Capture of Bubion[31]
Humanity of Mondejar[31]
Sufferings of the Army[32]
Capture of Jubíles[33]
Prisoners protected by Mondejar[33]
Massacred by the Soldiers[33]
Christian Women sent to Granada[34]
Welcomed by the Inhabitants[34]
[CHAPTER IV.]
Rebellion of the Moriscoes[35]
Mondejar's Policy[35]
Aben-Humeya at Paterna[35]
Offers to Surrender[36]
Flight to the Sierra Nevada[36]
Disposition of the Moorish Prisoners[37]
Attack on Las Guájaras[38]
Evacuated by the Garrison[38]
Massacre ordered by Mondejar[38]
Cruelty of the Count of Tendilla[39]
Attempt to capture Aben-Humeya[39]
His Escape[40]
Heroism of Aben-Aboo[40]
The Marquis of Los Velez[40]
His Campaign in the Alpujarras[41]
Cruelties committed by the Troops[41]
Celebration of a religious Fête[42]
Licentiousness of the Soldiery[42]
Contrast between Mondejar and Los Velez[43]
Accusations against the former[44]
Decision arrived at in Madrid[44]
Effect on the Army[45]
Moorish Prisoners in Granada[45]
Rumours circulated in the Capital[45]
Night Attack on the Prisoners[46]
Fearful Struggle and Massacre[46]
Apathy of the Government[47]
Renewal of the Insurrection[47]
[CHAPTER V.]
Rebellion of the Moriscoes[48]
Don John of Austria[48]
Birth and Early History[49]
Placed under the Care of Quixada[49]
Secresy in regard to his Origin[50]
The young Geronimo at Yuste[50]
Testamentary Depositions of the Emperor[51]
The Boy presented to the Regent[51]
Curious Scene[52]
Meeting appointed with the King[53]
Philip acknowledges his Brother[53]
Assigns him an Establishment[54]
Royal Triumvirate at Alcalá[54]
Chivalrous Character of Don John[55]
His adventurous Disposition[55]
He is entrusted with the Command of a Fleet[56]
His Cruise in the Mediterranean[56]
He is selected for the Command in Granada[57]
Restrictions on his Authority[57]
His Reception at Granada[57]
Answers to Petitioners[58]
Discussions in the Council of War[59]
New Levies summoned[59]
Increased Power of Aben-Humeya[60]
Forays into the Christian Territory[60]
Movements of Los Velez[61]
Extension of the Rebellion[61]
Successful Expedition of Requesens[61]
Moriscoes lay Siege to Seron[62]
Surrender and Massacre of the Garrison[62]
Decree for removing the Moriscoes from Granada[63]
Their Consternation and Grief[63]
Expulsion from the City[64]
Farewell to their ancient Home[64]
Distribution through the Country[64]
Ruinous Effects on Granada[65]
Character of the Transaction[66]
[CHAPTER VI.]
Rebellion of the Moriscoes[66]
State of the Troops under Los Velez[66]
Encounter with Aben-Humeya[67]
Flight of the Morisco Prince[67]
Desertions from the Spanish Camp[68]
Mondejar recalled to Court[68]
His Character[68]
Exterminating Policy of the Government[69]
Sensual Tyranny of Aben-Humeya[69]
Treachery towards Diego Alguazil[70]
Plan of Revenge formed by Alguazil[71]
Conspiracy against Aben-Humeya[71]
His Assassination[72]
He is succeeded by Aben-Aboo[72]
Energy of the new Chief[73]
Repulse at Orgiba[73]
The Place evacuated by the Garrison[74]
Continual Forays[74]
Conflicts in the Vega[75]
Don John's desire for Action[75]
Philip yields to his Entreaties[76]
Preparations for the Campaign[76]
Surprise of Guejar[76]
Mortification of Don John[77]
Mendoza the Historian[77]
[CHAPTER VII.]
Rebellion of the Moriscoes[79]
Philip's Instructions to his Brother[80]
Don John takes the Field[80]
Discontent of Los Velez[80]
His Meeting with Don John[81]
He retires from the War[81]
Investment of Galera[82]
Description of the Place[82]
Munitions and Garrison[83]
Establishment of Batteries[84]
The Siege opened[84]
First Assault[84]
Spaniards repulsed[85]
Mines opened in the Rock[86]
Second Assault[86]
Explosion of the Mine[87]
Troops rash to the Attack[87]
Struggle at the Ravelin[87]
Bravery of the Morisco Women[87]
Ill Success of Padilla[87]
Failure of the Attack[88]
Insubordination of the Troops[88]
Severe Loss of the Spaniards[88]
Bloody Determination of Don John[89]
Prudent Advice of Philip[89]
Condition of the Besieged[89]
Preparations for a last Attack[90]
Cannonade and Explosions[91]
Third Assault[91]
Irresistible Fury of the Spaniards[91]
Struggle in the Streets and Houses[92]
Desperation of the Inhabitants[92]
Inhumanity of the Conqueror[92]
Wholesale Massacre[92]
The Town demolished[94]
Tidings communicated to Philip[94]
Reputation gained by Don John[94]
[CHAPTER VIII.]
Rebellion of the Moriscoes[95]
Seron reconnoitred[95]
Sudden Attack by the Moriscoes[95]
Army thrown into Confusion[96]
Indignation of Don John[96]
Death of Quixada[97]
His Character[98]
Doña Magdalena de Ulloa[98]
Rapid Successes of Don John[98]
Negotiations opened with El Habaqui[99]
Merciless Pursuit of the Rebels[99]
Guerilla Warfare[99]
Conferences at Fondon[100]
Aben-Aboo consents to treat[100]
Arrangement concluded[100]
Submission tendered by El Habaqui[101]
Dissatisfaction with the Treaty[102]
Vacillation of Aben-Aboo[102]
El Habaqui engages to arrest him[103]
Fate of El Habaqui[103]
Mission of Palacios[104]
His Interview with Aben-Aboo[104]
Spirited Declaration of that Chief[104]
Stern Resolve of the Government[104]
War of Extermination[105]
Expedition of the Duke of Arcos[105]
March across the Plain of Calaluz[106]
Engagement with the Moriscoes[106]
The Rebellion crushed[106]
Edict of Expulsion[106]
Removal of the Moriscoes[107]
Don John's Impatience to Resign[108]
His Final Dispositions[108]
Hiding-place of Aben-Aboo[109]
Plot formed for his Capture[109]
His Interview with El Senix[109]
His Murder[110]
His Body brought to Granada[110]
His Head placed in a Cage[110]
Remarks on his Career[111]
Wasted Condition of the Country[112]
The scattered Moriscoes[112]
Cruelly treated by the Government[112]
Their Industry and Cheerfulness[113]
Increase of their Numbers[113]
They preserve their National Feeling[114]
Mutual Hatred of the Two Races[114]
Expulsion of the Moriscoes from Spain[114]
Works of Marmol and Circourt[114]
[CHAPTER IX.]
War with the Turks[116]
Sultan Selim the Second[116]
Determines on the Conquest of Cyprus[116]
Spirit of Pius the Fifth[117]
His Appeal to Philip[117]
King's Entrance into Seville[117]
Determines to join the League[118]
Capture of Nicosia[118]
Vacillating Conduct of Venice[118]
Meeting of Deputies at Rome[119]
Treaty of Confederation[119]
Ratified and proclaimed[120]
Turkish Fleet in the Adriatic[120]
Papal Legate at Madrid[120]
Concessions to the Crown[121]
Fleets of Venice and Rome[121]
Preparations in Spain[121]
Enthusiasm of the Nation[122]
Don John's Departure[122]
His Reception at Naples[128]
His noble Appearance[123]
Accomplishments and Popularity[123]
Presentation of the Consecrated Standard[124]
Arrival at Messina[124]
Grand Naval Spectacle[124]
Strength and Condition of the Fleets[125]
Discretion of the Generalissimo[125]
Communications from the Pope[126]
Departure from Messina[126]
[CHAPTER X.]
War with the Turks[126]
Arrival at Corfu[127]
Council of War[127]
Resolution to give Battle[127]
Arbitrary Conduct of Veniero[128]
Passage across the Sea of Iona[128]
Fall of Famagosta[128]
The Enemy in Sight[129]
Preparations for Combat[129]
Final Instructions of Don John[129]
Approach of the Turkish Fleet[130]
Its Form and Disposition[130]
Change in the order of Battle[131]
Last Preparation of the Christians[131]
Battle of Lepanto[132]
Left Wing of the Allies turned[132]
Right Wing, under Doria, broken[132]
Don John and Ali Pasha engaged[133]
Superior Fire of the Spaniards[133]
Bird's-eye View of the Scene[134]
Venetians victorious on the Left[134]
Continued Struggle in the Centre[135]
Turkish Admiral boarded[135]
Death of Ali Pasha[135]
Victory of the Christians[136]
Flight of Uluch Ali[137]
Chase and Escape[137]
Allies take Shelter in Petala[137]
[CHAPTER XI.]
War with the Turks[137]
Losses of the Combatants[137]
Turkish Armada annihilated[138]
Roll of Slaughter and Fame[138]
Exploits of Farnese[138]
Noble Spirit of Cervantes[139]
Sons of Ali Pasha Prisoners[139]
Generously treated by Don John[139]
His Conduct towards Veniero[140]
Operations suspended[141]
Triumphant Return to Messina[141]
Celebrations in Honour of the Victory[141]
Tidings despatched to Spain[142]
Philip's reception of them[142]
Acknowledgments to his Brother[143]
Don John's Conduct criticised[144]
Real Fruits of the Victory[145]
Delay in resuming Operations[145]
Death of Pius the Fifth[145]
Philip's Distrust[146]
Permits his Brother to Sail[146]
Turks decline to accept Battle[147]
Anniversary of Lepanto[147]
Allies disband their Forces[147]
Perfidy of Venice[147]
The League dissolved[148]
Tunis taken by Don John[148]
He provides for its Security[149]
Returns to Naples[149]
His Mode of Life there[150]
His Schemes of Dominion[150]
Tunis retaken by the Moslems[150]
Don John's Mission to Genoa[151]
He prepares a fresh Armament[151]
His Disappointment and Return to Madrid[151]
[BOOK VI.]
[CHAPTER I.]
Domestic Affairs of Spain[153]
Internal Administration[153]
Revolutions under Isabella and Charles V.[153]
Absolute Power of the Crown[154]
Contrast between Charles and Philip[154]
The latter wholly a Spaniard[154]
The Royal Councils[155]
Principal Advisers of the Crown[155]
Character of Ruy Gomez de Silva[155]
Figueroa, Count of Feria[157]
Cardinal Espinosa[157]
Two Parties in the Council[159]
Balance held by Philip[159]
His Manner of transacting Business[159]
His Assiduity[160]
His Mode of dividing the Day[161]
His Love of Solitude[161]
Extent of his Information[161]
Partial Confidence in his Ministers[162]
His Frugality[162]
His magnificent Establishment[162]
His fatal Habit of Procrastination[163]
Remonstrances of his Almoner[164]
Habits of the great Nobles[164]
Manners of the Court[165]
Degeneracy of the Nobles[165]
Splendour of their Households[165]
Loss of Political Power[166]
Depressed Condition of the Commons[166]
Petitions of the Cortes[166]
Their Remonstrance against Arbitrary Government [167]
Their Regard for the National Interests[167]
Erroneous Notions respecting Commerce[168]
Sumptuary Laws[168]
Encouragement of Bull-Fights[169]
Various Subjects of Legislation[169]
Schools and Universities[170]
Royal Pragmatics[170]
Philip's Replies to the Cortes[170]
Freedom of Discussion[171]
Standing Army[171]
Guards of Castile[171]
[CHAPTER II.]
Domestic Affairs of Spain[172]
Philip the Champion of the Faith[172]
Endowments of the Church[172]
Alienations in Mortmain[172]
Disputed Prerogatives[173]
Appointments to Benefices[173]
The Clergy dependent on the Crown[174]
The Escorial[174]
Motives for its Erection[174]
Site selected[175]
Convent founded[175]
Royal Humility[176]
Building commenced[176]
Philip's Interest in it[177]
His Architectural Taste[177]
His Oversight of the Work[177]
He governs the World from the Escorial[178]
The Edifice endangered by Fire[178]
Materials used in its Construction[179]
Artists employed[179]
Philip's Fondness for Art[180]
Completion of the Escorial[180]
The Architects[180]
Character of the Structure[181]
Its Whimsical Design[181]
Its Magnitude[181]
Interior Decorations[182]
Ravages it has undergone[182]
Its present Condition[182]
Anne of Austria[183]
Her Reception in Spain[183]
Her Marriage with Philip[184]
Her Residence at the Escorial[185]
Her Character and Habits[185]
Her Death[185]

HISTORY
OF
PHILIP THE SECOND.

BOOK V

CHAPTER I.
THE MOORS OF SPAIN.

Conquest of Spain by the Arabs.—Slow Recovery by the Spaniards.—Efforts to convert the Moslems.—Their Homes in the Alpujarras.—Their Treatment by the Government.—The Minister Espinosa.—Edict against the Moriscoes.—Their ineffectual Remonstrance.

1566, 1567.

It was in the beginning of the eighth century, in the year 711, that the Arabs, filled with the spirit of conquest which had been breathed into them by their warlike apostle, after traversing the southern shores of the Mediterranean, reached the borders of those straits that separate Africa from Europe. Here they paused for a moment, before carrying their banners into a strange and unknown quarter of the globe. It was but for a moment, however, when, with accumulated strength, they descended on the sunny fields of Andalusia, met the whole Gothic array on the banks of the Guadalete, and, after that fatal battle, in which King Roderick fell with the flower of his nobility, spread themselves, like an army of locusts, over every part of the Peninsula. Three years sufficed for the conquest of the country,—except that small corner in the north, where a remnant of the Goths contrived to maintain a savage independence, and where the rudeness of the soil held out to the Saracens no temptation to follow them.