[24] Cardonne, Hist. d'Afrique et d'Espagne, tom. iii. p. 296.—L. Marineo, Cosas Memorables, fol. 175.—Rades y Andrada, Las Tres Ordenes, fol. 54.—Pulgar, Reyes Católicos, cap. 92.—Bernaldez, Reyes Católicos, MS., cap. 85.

[25] Pulgar, Reyes Católicos, cap. 93.—Cardonne, Hist. d'Afrique et d'Espagne, tom. iii. p. 296.

The Arabic historians state that Malaga was betrayed by Ali Dordux, who admitted the Spaniards into the castle, while the citizens were debating on Ferdinand's terms. (See Conde, Domination de los Arabes, tom. iii. cap. 39.) The letter of the inhabitants, quoted at length by Pulgar, would seem to be a refutation of this. And yet there are good grounds for suspecting false play on the part of the ambassador Dordux, since the Castilian writers admit that he was exempted, with forty of his friends, from the doom of slavery and forfeiture of property, passed upon his fellow- citizens.

[26] Bernaldez, Reyes Católicos, MS., cap. 85.

[27] Carbajal, whose meagre annals have scarcely any merit beyond that of a mere chronological table, postpones the surrender till September. Anales, año 1487.—Marmol, Rebelion de Moriscos, lib. 1, cap. 14.

[28] Bleda, Corónica, lib. 5, cap. 15.

As a counterpart to the above scene, twelve Christian renegades, found in the city, were transfixed with canes, acañavereados, a barbarous punishment derived from the Moors, which was inflicted by horsemen at full gallop, who discharged pointed reeds at the criminal, until he expired under repeated wounds. A number of relapsed Jews were at the same time condemned to the flames. "These," says Father Abarca, "were the fêtes and illuminations most grateful to the Catholic piety of our sovereigns"! Abarca, Reyes de Aragon, tom. ii. rey 30, cap. 3.

[29] Pulgar, Reyes Católicos, ubi supra.—Bernaldez, Reyes Católicos, MS., ubi supra.—Peter Martyr, Opus Epist., epist. 62.

[30] Bernaldez, Reyes Católicos, MS., cap. 87.—L. Marineo, Cosas
Memorables, fol. 176.—Conde, Dominacion de los Arabes, tom. iii. p. 238.
—Cardonne, Hist. d'Afrique et d'Espagne, tom. iii. p. 296.—Carbajal,
Anales, MS., año 1487.

Not a word of comment escapes the Castilian historians on this merciless rigor of the conqueror towards the vanquished. It is evident that Ferdinand did no violence to the feelings of his orthodox subjects. Tacendo clamant.