Jacobite sect, 109-10; in Syria, 23, 84
James, Studite monk, 162
Jarrow, monastery, 116
Jerusalem, Church and patriarchate of, 8, 16-17, 84, 87,
100-1, 156; councils at (553), 20; (628), 101
Jews, Gregory the Great tries to convert, 69; persecuted in
Spain, 77; Jews in Syria, 100; influence Muhammad, 101;
Jews in Arabia, 111-12
Joannicius, S., Bulgarian recluse, 124
John I., pope, martyred, 31
John II., pope, 15
John VIII., pope, 194
John X., pope, 197
John XI., pope, 174
John XV., pope, 199
John XVI., anti-pope set up by Crescentius (997-8), 199
John of Biclaro (Joannes Biclarensis), bishop of Gerona, 62 n.,
95 n., 75
John the Cappadocian, patriarch of Constantinople, 10, 90
John of Damascus (John Damascene), S., 87, 159-60
John the Deacon, biographer of Gregory the Great, 64, 182
John of Ephesus, Monophysite bishop and Syriac writer of
sixth century, 24, 111
John Maro, 89
John of Nikiu, Jacobite bishop, 86, 109
John the Patrician, recaptures Carthage from the Arabs, 109
John the Scot (Johannes Scotus "Erigena"), 170-1
Julian of Halicarnassus, 86
Justin I., emperor, 10, 32, 112
Justin II., emperor, 21-2
Justinian I., emperor, 86, 89, 90, 94, 99-100, 107, 110-12, 143,
153, 177; his birthplace, 24, 67-8, 91; building, 26, 27, 100,
106; Christian legislation of, 28; controversies of his reign,
14-22; corresponds with the pope, 10, 14; deals with the
Monophysites, 15; his alleged heresy, 15, 21, 22; summons
Fifth General Council, 17; intervenes in Africa, 105-6;
his relations with the Franks, 47; restores the imperial rule
in Italy, 33; Spanish war, 74; hymn-writer, 15 n.
Justinian II., 90-1
Justiniana Prima, 67, 91
Jutes in Britain, 117; of Jutland, converted, 130
Karlings, Frankish royal house, 57, 139, 144, 147, 196, 201
Kerait, Tartar kingdom of, 96-7
Key of Truth, The, book of the Armenian Paulicians, 80
Khalifs of Baghdad, 97, 99; Khalif Omar, 101
Khartoum, Christian remains near, 111
Khorassan, 93
Kiev, town on the Dnyepr, becomes Christian, 127
Kothransson, Thorwald, Icelander, 132
Kristián, tenth-century Bohemian historian, 128
Lateran synod (649), 88
Leander, archbishop of Seville, 63, 75-6
Learning, 5, 38, 123; survival of, 5; at the court of the
Merwings, 51; classical, taught to Gregory the Great, 60;
yet he opposed classical learning in bishops, 52; classical,
of the Irish Church, 115; in England, 115; of the Irish monks,
121-2; of the Studite monks, 163; revival of, under Charles the
Great, 154, 166-70. See Aelfric, Bede, Gerbert, Education,
Literature
Lebanon, 84; Monothelites in, 22
Leger (Leodegar), S., 81, 146
Lent, 36, 140
Leo I., the Great, S., pope, 6, 7, 10, 29, 63, 89
Leo III., pope, 81, 152
Leo III., the Isaurian, emperor, 109, 155, 157-8
Leo IV., the Chazar, emperor, 155
Leo V., the Armenian, emperor, 165
Leo VI., the Wise, emperor, 194
Leodegar, Leodgar, (S. Leger), bishop of Autun, 81, 146
Leontius of Byzantium, 86
Leovigild, Wisigothic king in Spain, 48, 75
Lerins, abbey, 81
Liber Pontificalis, 39 n., 151
Liberatus, sixth-century theological writer in Africa, 106
Limoges, 150, 174
Lindisfarne, 117
Litanies, 184-6
Literature in North Africa, 106; literary renaissance under
Charles the Great, 166. See Boethius, Cassiodorus, Gregory
the Great, Gregory of Tours, John of Damascus, Learning,
Paul the Silentiary, Procopius, Venantius Fortunatus,
Theodore of the Studium
Liturgies, 181-90
Liudhard, Frankish bishop in Kent, 186
Lombards, 40, 147-50, 152; invade Italy, 34, 61; pope negotiates
with, 62; conversion from Arianism to Catholicism, 4, 56, 63, 134
Lothar (Chlothochar) II., king of Lotharingia, 191-2
Louis I., the Pious, emperor, son of Charles I., 129
Louis II., emperor, son of the Emperor Lothar I., 192
Louis the German, king of Bavaria (840-76), son of Louis the
Pious, 128
Louis d'Outremer, king of the West Franks (936-54), son of
Charles the Simple, 174
Ludmilla, S., of Bohemia, 128
Luxeuil, S. Columban's monastery at, 55-6
Mâcon, Second Council of (585), 180
Magdeburg, archbishopric, 126, 197-8
Maieul (Majolus), abbat of Cluny, 174
Mainz, 195; S. Boniface, archbishop of, 137-8
Malmesbury, abbey, 115, 171
Manichaeans, 104, 178
Mansi, G. D., Italian theologian (1692-1769); his Concilia
referred to, 15 n., 17 n., 21 n., 76
Maraba, catholicos of Persia, 99
Mark, S., evangelist, 64
Maron, John, founder of the Maronites, 84
Maronite Church, 23, 89
Marozia, paramour of Pope Sergius III., mother of Pope John
XI., 196
Marriage of the clergy, 25, 91, 119-20; in the Greek Church,
85; marriage of spiritual relations forbidden, 177
Martel, Charles, Frankish mayor of the palace, 135, 137, 144, 146
Martial, S., monastery at Limoges, 174
Martin, S., monastery at Tours, 168, 173
Martin I., pope, 88
Martin, S., bishop of Braga, 74
Martyrdom of S. Adalbert, 125, 129; S. Boniface, 139, 202;
Pope John, 31; S. Theodosia, 158; S. Wenceslas, 128-9
Mary, the Blessed Virgin, 18, 80; images of, 156-7
Mass, the, 15 n.; Mass of the presanctified, 179; the Roman
Mass, fifth to eighth century, 180-2: sixth century, 188-90;
"ite, missa est," 190
Maurice, emperor, 22, 62, 66
Maurice, S., 125
Maximus, orthodox African abbat and controversialist, 89, 108
Meccah, 101
Media, 93
Medinah, 101
Melkites, orthodox, in Egypt, 84, 110
Mellitus, bishop, 176
Melrose, monastery, 116
Mennas, patriarch of Constantinople, 15, 17
Merovech, son of Chilperich I., 43
Merovingians. See Merwings
Merv, Nestorian Church of, 98
Merwings, Frankish royal house, 43-7, 138, 144, 147, 196, 199;
encourage literature, 51; their sins, 52-4: their age called
golden by Mabillon, 57; decay of their kingdoms, 135
Mesopotamia, national Church of, 13
Methodius, S., patriarch of Constantinople (843-7), 12, 156
Methodius, S., archbishop of
Moravia, 123-4, 128-9
Metz, capital of Austrasia, 135; bishop of, 144
Michael III., "the Drunkard," emperor, 192-3
Mieczyslaw, king of Poland, 125
Milan, archbishop of, 39; church of, 183
Mir (Theodemir), king of the Suevi in Spain, 74
Missale Francorum, 183
Missions, important in this period, 2, 3; Byzantine, 6, 84;
supported by the emperors, 23; missions from Rome, 62, 117,
183-90; Nestorian, 6, 96-8; Monophysite, 24, 111; missionary
zeal of the Irish Church, 116, 121-2; missions of the
ninth century, 123; to the Bulgarians, 124; to the Slavs,
124-9; to Northmen, 129-32; to Frisians, 136, 139; missions
checked by the iconoclastic controversy, 156; mission of
S. Augustine, 183-90; missionary wars of Charles the Great,
139-42, and of the Saxon emperors, 197; zeal of Otto III. and
Silvester II. for missions, 201-2
Monasticism, in the East, 25, 161-3; its debt to S. Benedict,
37; to S. Columban, 53; Irish, 53, 114; monasticism in Gaul,
54, 171; a defence against the secularisation of the Frankish
Church, 57; in Persia, 99; in Scotland, 119; missionary fruits
of, 130; close connection with learning, 167; Alcuin's attitude
to, 168; decay in ninth century, 172; revival at Cluny, 173-5;
the Studium at Constantinople, 161-3; kings become monks, 77, 145
Mongols, 100
Monophysites, Monophysitism, 23, 83, 85, 110, 156, 159;
Eastern attempts at compromise rejected by Rome, 7-8;
Justinian studies the question, 10-11, and condemns it, 15;
its condemnation necessary to the acceptance of a logically
tenable creed, 19; Monophysite missions, 24, 111; Monophysitism
in Abyssinia, 112; Arabia, 101; Armenia, 95; India, 97; Persia,
98-9; Syria, 101
Monothelites, Monothelitism, 22-3, 84-9, 159; its condemnation
necessary, 19; favoured the progress of Islam, 102; weakened
African Christianity, 108
Montanists, heretical followers of the second-century fanatic
Montanus, 178
Monte Cassino, monastery, 35, 39, 61, 145
Monza, Lombard relics at, 69
Moors, heathen, of fifth century, 103; Muhammadan, in Spain
and Gaul, 73, 146
Moralia of Gregory the Great, 63
Moravia, 124, 127-9
Mosaics at Constantinople and Ravenna, 26
Mozarabic rite, Christian liturgy which survived the Moorish
occupation and is still in use in Spain, 189
Mugurrah (Nubia), visited by missionaries, 111
Muhammad (Mohammed), the prophet, 101
Muhammad II., conqueror of Constantinople in 1453, 27
Muhammadans, Muhammadanism, theocratic ideal of, 139-40;
absorb the attention of the Eastern emperors, 143;
contributes to the iconoclastic movement, 158; conquests, 84;
conquest of Arabia, etc., 112; Merv, 98; Persia, 99; Syria,
101; Egypt, 102; Africa, 5, 108-9; Soudan, 111; Spain,
72-3, 77-8, 146; defeated in Gaul by Charles Martel, 146
Naples, 143
Narses, general of Justinian, 32, 34, 61
Nationalism, a complicating factor in theological controversy, 9;
nationalism of the Spanish Church, 73; nationalism and
heresy, 110
Negus, title of the ruler of Abyssinia, 111
Nerses III., Armenian "Catholicos," 84-5
Nestorians, Nestorianism, 9, 23, 83; missions, 6, 96-8; in
Armenia, 95; in Persia, 93-6, 98-9; Nestorianism and
Muhammad, 101; Nestorian "Church of the East" 96
Neustria, Western Frankish kingdom, 43, 135-6, 146
Neutra (in modern Hungary), Christian Church at, 127
Nevers, S. Columban at, 56
Nicaea, First General Council (325), 89; Seventh General Council
(787), 165
Nicene Creed, 193
Nicephorus I., emperor, 80
Nicephorus, patriarch of Constantinople, 160
Nicetius, bishop of Trier, 47, 86
Nicolas I., pope, 124, 191-6
Nîmes, 75, 77, 146
Nisibis, Nestorian school of theology at, 95-6
Nobadae, a people of the Soudan, converted, 111
Nona, bishop of, 125
Normans, 150, 172, 196
Northmen, ravages of, 169; pillage Hamburg, 130; converted,
129-33. See Danes
Northumbria, 116-17; schools of, 116, 167. See Deira
Norway, conversion of, 121, 131-2
Nubia, missionaries in, 111
Odilo, abbat of Cluny, 174
Odo, S., abbat of Cluny, 163, 171-5
Oecumenical Councils, canons collected, 194; the Eighth
disputed, 193-4. See General Councils
Oecumenical patriarch, 65-6
Olaf, king of Sweden (in 853), 130
Olaf Trigvason, king of Norway (995-1000), 121, 132-3.
Olaf, S., king of Norway (1017-29), 132
Olaf, Norse king of Dublin, 132
Olga, S., a "ruler of Russia," baptized, 126
Omar, Khalif, 101
Ommeyads, dynasty of Khalifs, descended from Omeyya, 156
Orange, synod at (529), 72
Ordination, anointing the hands at, 183
Origen, his doctrines condemned, 16; Origenists, 15-16
Oswald, king of Northumberland, 116
Oswald, bishop of Worcester, 119
Oswiu, king of Northumbria, 117
Otto I., emperor, revives the Empire and reforms the papacy,
197; ecclesiastical policy in Germany and Italy, 198-9;
patron of Gerbert, 200; overlord of Poland, 125; Slav
missions, 126; intervenes in Bohemia, 129; and Denmark, 131
Otto II., emperor, 199, 201
Otto III., emperor, 125, 198-202
Ouen, S., bishop of Rouen, 58
Paderborn, 152
Palestine, Church in, 15-16, 100. See Jerusalem, Syria
Pallium, its significance, 67-8; sent to S. Boniface, 137;
to S. Ansgar, 130
Pannonia, 124
Papacy and the popes: Papacy rises as the Empire decays, 4;
wins political power, 5, 61, 149; acquires rights of jurisdiction,
31; popes act as envoys of Arian Gothic kings, 15, 31;
papal elections confirmed by the emperor or the exarch, 34, and
controlled by the Saxon emperors, 199; papacy supported
by the Benedictines, 37, as afterwards by the Cluniacs, 173-5;
degradation of the papacy in sixth century, 39; papal
infallibility not dreamt of in sixth century, 39-40, nor in the
early tenth, 197; growth of new ideals, popes begin to intervene
in politics, 61; pope styled "oecumenical archbishop and
patriarch," 65; papal power increases in Africa, 107-8; papacy
preserves the traditions of the Empire, 143; alliance of the
papacy with the Karlings, 147; growth of the temporal power,
143, 149; beginning of the Papal States, 149; loss of the
Bulgarian Church, 134; papacy foments strife between the Slavs
and Constantinople, 125; popes oppose iconoclastic emperors,
157; pope crowns Charles the Great emperor, 152-3; Nicolas
I. claims to be the source of the Empire, 192; degeneracy of the
popes in ninth and tenth centuries, 172, 196-7, 199; papal
monarchy grows in theory at the time of its practical weakness,
191; papacy supports its claims by the forged decretals, 194-6;
papacy reformed by the Saxon emperors, 197, 199-202; list of
popes, 205-8. See Rome
Paschasius Radbertus, abbat of Corbie (died about. 865), 170
Passau, see of, 138
Patriarchates, the five, 24; question of supremacy, 90; their
jurisdictions not considered unalterable, 91; patriarchal rights
over the Bulgarian Church, 124; Illyria lost to Rome, 157.
See Alexandria, Antioch, Constantinople, Jerusalem, Rome
"Patrician of the Romans," title conferred on Pippin the Short,
148; borne by Charles the Great, 152
Patrick, S., 57, 113-14, 183
"Patrimony of S. Peter," 65, 148
Paul the Deacon, 62 n., 65, 134, 167
Paul, patriarch of Constantinople, 164
Paul of Samosata, 80
Paul the Silentiary, 25-6
Paulicians, 80, 156
Pelagius, founder of the Pelagian heresy in fifth century, 72
Pelagius, I., pope, 16, 21, 34, 39-40, 107
Pelagius II., pope, 62, 64-6
Persecution of Catholics by Arians, 32, 74-5, 103-5; of Catholics
by Moslems, 78; in the iconoclastic controversy, 155, 158,
165; of Jews, 77; of Nestorians by Muhammadans, 99
Persia, 12, 22-3, 80, 83, 110; the Church in, 93-5, 98-9; kings
of, 93-5, 100, 102
Peter, S., 117, 120; Confessio of, 152; patrimony of, 65, 148;
Charles the Great's gift of lands to, 151; popes act in the name
of, 148-50
Peter the Stammerer, bishop of Alexandria, 8
Phantasiasts, 86
Philae, temple of, 111
Phocas the Cappadocian, emperor, 22
Photius, patriarch of Constantinople, 124, 192-4
Picts, heathens in Scotland, 114, 116
Pippin the Short, Frankish king, 150; anointed by S. Boniface
(751), 139, 147; by Pope Stephen II. (754), 148; relations
with the papacy, 144, 147-9; donation of, 149, 151, 194
Poictiers, Battle of, 146
Poland, conversion of, 125
Pomerania, 125
Poppo, bishop, missionary to the Danes, 131
Posen, bishopric of, 125
Pragmatic Sanction of Justinian for the government of Italy, 33-4
Prague, see of (bishopric, 973; archbishopric, 1343), 125, 129
Primasius, sixth-century theological writer in Africa, 106
Privilegia to monasteries granted by Gregory the Great, 69;
to the Cluniacs, 173-4
Procession of the Holy Ghost, Double (i.e. from the Father
and the Son), 76, 80-1, 193-4
Proconsularis (i.e. Africa Proconsularis, the modern Tunis
and Tripoli), 104
Procopius, 11, 26, 91 n., 94, 100, 112
Prussians, missions to, 125, 129
Pseudo-Isidorian decretals, 195
Pyrrhus, Monothelite heresiarch, 89, 108
Quicunque vult, 81-2
Quierzy (on the Oise), donation of, 151
Quini-sextan Council at Constantinople (in Trullo), 85, 89-92
Rabanus Maurus, 81
Radegund, S., Frankish princess, 51; monastery of, 171
Ratramnus of Corbie (died 868), 170
Ravenna, 85, 147, 149, 151, 201; Odowakar's capital, captured by
Goths, 29; recaptured by Belisarius, 30; mosaics at, 26;
archbishopric, 68, 157
Reccared, Wisigothic king in Spain, 73, 75-6, 80
Recceswinth, Wisigothic king in Spain, 76
Regensburg (Ratisbon), Bohemians baptized at, 128; see
of, 129, 138; Council of (792), 79
Remigius, S., baptizes Chlodowech, 43
Remismond, Suevic king in Spain, 73
Reparatus, bishop of Carthage, 106
Reunion of Eastern and Western Church (in 519), 10; sought by
Justinian, 11; nominal, after the Photian Schism, 194
Rheims, 195-6, 200-1
Rimbert, S., archbishop of Bremen, 130-1
Rome, Church and patriarchate of, 24, 65-6, 157; insists on
obsolete claims, 14; its supremacy repudiated at Constantinople,
85, 90; quarrel with Constantinople over the Ecthesis
and Type, 98; authorises the missions of S. Augustine, 117,
and S. Boniface, 136-9; attitude of S. Boniface to, 139;
connection with Ireland, 113-15, 122; with the East, 123; with
England, 117, 120-1; assumes the political rights of the
exarchate, 148-9; Eucharist, 179; councils at (680), 88;
(731), 157; (863), 192. See Church (Western), Papacy
Rome, city of, its peculiar history, 143; dominated by the local
nobles, 196
Romulus Augustulus, 29
Rügen, isle of, 127
Rule of Bangor, 54-5; of Basil, reformed by Theodore the
Studite, 163; of S. Benedict, 35, 58-9, 69, 119, 121, 171,
173, 175; of Cluny, 174-5; of S. Columban, 55, 171
Rupert, S., missionary in Bavaria, 135
Russia, conversion of, 6, 126-7; modern Russian Church, 95
Sabas, S., 15
Sabbas, archimandrite of the Studium, 162
Sabellians, followers of the heretic Sabellius (third century), 178
Sacramentary of Pope Gelasius I. (492-6), 182-3; of Gregory the
Great, 182
Sacraments, 176-181
Saints, Celtic "age of saints," 53; Merwing, 51; images of
the, 156-7
Salzburg, archbishopric, 127, 135, 138
Samaritans, 100
Samarkand, Nestorian bishopric of, 98
Sancho the Great, king of Navarre (970-1035), 78
Sapor II., king of Persia, 93
Saracens, 77, 158, 172; in Africa, 109; in Spain and Gaul, 146.
See Muhammadans.
Saxons, 135; forcible conversion by Charles the Great, 140-2,
197; the Saxons in Britain, 113, 117-18, 176; "Old"
Saxons of the Continent, 180
Schism between East and West, formal beginning due to
Monophysitism, 8; schism of 484-519, 68; schism of 649-81 caused
by the Ecthesis and Type, 88; steps towards, 149; the Photian,
192-4
Schleswig, converted, 130
Scholarship, 5, 38, 55. See Learning
Scholastica, S., sister of S. Benedict, 37
Scilly Isles, 132
Scotland, Church in, 114, 116-17, 119
Scotus, Johannes. See John the Scot
Sebert, king of the East Saxons, 176
Seleucia, see of, 93
Semi-Pelagianism, 72, 81
Septimania, 77, 146
Serbia, Church of, 124
Serbian Church, 23, 84
Sergius I., pope, 91
Sergius I., patriarch of Constantinople, 83, 87
Sermons, 64-5, 120, 163, 185, 188
Severus, Monophysite patriarch of Antioch, 10, 15, 86
Severus, patriarch of Aquileia, 62
Sigambrians, a Teutonic tribe, allied to the Franks, 43
Sigebert (Sigibert), Frankish king of Austrasia, 43, 54, 75
Silvester II., pope, 7, 125, 200-2
Simplicius, pope, 8
Siricius, pope, 195
Slaves, slavery, 130; freed by Gregory the Great, 65; Jews
enslaved in Spain, 77
Slavs, 44, 84; Charles the Great allied with heathen, 141;
conversion of, 123-9; attacked by Otto I., 197
Smbat, supposed author of the Paulician Key of Truth, 80
Soissons, 139, 195
Sophia, S., the Church of the Divine Wisdom, at Constantinople,
25-7; Church of, at Kiev, 127
Sophronius, patriarch of Jerusalem, 87
Soracte, monastery, 145
Spain, 172, 196; Gregory the Great active in, 65; invaded by
the Franks, 74; Dagobert I. influential in, 44; Charles the
Great in, 140; conflict of Arianism and Catholicism in,
48; Catholicism wins, 62-3, 73, 75; conquered by the
Muhammadans, 77-8; Church has to contend with Islam, 72;
Catholicism survives in the North, 78; Eucharist, 179; Spanish
rite, 183; literature, 73
Squillace, monastery, 38-9
Stephen II. (or III.), pope, 148-9
Stephen III. (or IV.), pope, 151
Stephen, king of Hungary, 201
Strathclyde, early British Church of, 113
Studium, the, monastery at Constantinople, 161-3
Stylites, 25
Subiaco, S. Benedict at, 35
Suevi (a Teutonic confederate people) in Gaul, 41. See Mir,
Remismond
Sweden, missions to, 129-30
Syagrius, bishop of Autun, 49, 67 n.
Symmachus, Senator, father-in-law of Boethius, executed, 32
Syntagma, a collection of canons, compiled, 85, 178
Syria, 100-1, 156; Syrian Church, Monophysite and Nestorian, 9;
National Church, 13; monks disregard the Fifth General
Council, 20; Jacobites in, 23, 84; Adoptianism in, 79;
Monophysitism, 110; Monothelitism, 89; Muhammadan invasion, 108