[CHAPTER X.]War with France and Spain.1777-78.[The opposition and the war][186]Mar., 1778.[The king's refusal to allow Chatham to form a ministry][187]11 May.[Chatham's death][190][Constitutional importance of the issue of the war][191][Abuses in naval administration][191]27 July.[Naval action off Ushant][193][Progress of the war in America][193][Lord Howe and Count d'Estaing][194][Mistaken naval policy of Great Britain][195]Aug., 1779.[Combined French and Spanish fleets in the Channel][196][The war in various parts of the world][196]12 May, 1780.[The surrender of Charleston][198]Jan.-Feb.[Rodney's relief of Gibraltar][198]17 April.[His indecisive action off Dominica][199][Ireland's grievances][200]1779.[The volunteers][202][Removal of restrictions on Irish trade][202]1779-80.[Activity of the opposition in England][202]2-7 June.[The Lord George Gordon riots][205][CHAPTER XI.]Yorktown and the King's Defeat.Mar., 1780.[The armed neutrality][208]20 Dec.[Dispute with the Dutch: war declared][209][Defence of Gibraltar][210]5 Aug., 1781.[Battle of the Dogger Bank][212]1780.[General election and the new parliament][212]2 Oct.[The fate of Major André][215]3 Feb., 1781.[Rodney takes St. Eustatius][216]July, 1780.[French squadron at Rhode island][218]16 Aug.[Cornwallis's campaign in the south: battle of Camden][219]17 Jan., 1781.[Battle of the Cowpens][221]15 Mar.[Battle of Guilford][222]May.[Cornwallis in Virginia][223][How England lost command in the American waters][224]19 Oct.[The capitulation at Yorktown][225][Causes of the disaster][225][Reception of the news in England][226][Events in the war with France and Spain][227]Mar., 1782.[The second Rockingham ministry; the king's defeat][229][CHAPTER XII.]The Rout of the Whigs.1782.[Attack on the corrupt influence of the crown]>[231]May.[Legislative independence conceded to Ireland][232]12 April.[The "battle of the Saints"][234][Last scenes of the siege of Gibraltar][236]1780-84.[War in India and in the Indian waters][236][Quarrel between Fox and Shelburne][238]July, 1782.[Shelburne forms a ministry][240]30 Nov.[Preliminaries of peace between Great Britain and America][241][The American loyalists][242]3 Sept., 1783.[Definitive treaty of Versailles][242][State of parties in parliament][243][The coalition between Fox and North][244]April.[The Coalition ministry][245]May.[Pitt's motion for parliamentary reform][246][Warren Hastings in India][247]Nov.-Dec.[Fox's India bills][249]Dec.[The Coalition ministry dismissed; Pitt prime minister][251][Struggle on the question of a dissolution][251]25 Mar., 1784.[Parliament dissolved][254][General election: "Fox's martyrs"][254][CHAPTER XIII.]