The modern division and organization of labor brings a continually growing quantitative prevalence of occupations which are almost completely devoid of stimulation and therefore present little interest for the workman. This fact affects human behavior and happiness profoundly, and the restoration of stimulation to labor is among the most important problems confronting society. The present industrial organization tends also to develop a type of human being as abnormal in its way as the opposite type of individual who gets the full amount of occupational stimulation by taking a line of interest destructive of social order,—the criminal or vagabond.
The moralist complains of the materialization of men and expects a change of the social organization to be brought about by moral or religious preaching; the economic determinist considers the whole social organization as conditioned fundamentally and necessarily by economic factors and expects an improvement exclusively from a possible historically necessary modification of the economic organization itself. From the viewpoint of behavior the problem is much more serious and objective than the moralist conceives it, but much less limited and determined than it appears to the economic determinist. The economic interests are only one class of human attitudes among others, and every attitude can be modified by an adequate social technic. The interest in the nature of work is frequently as strong as or stronger than the interest in the economic results of the work, and often finds an objective expression in spite of the fact that actual social organization has little place for it. The protests, in fact, represented by William Morris mean that a certain class of work has visibly passed from the stage where it was stimulating to a stage where it is not,—that the handicrafts formerly expressed an interest in the work itself rather than in the economic returns from the work. Since every attitude tends to influence social institutions, we may expect that an organization and a division of labor based on occupational interests may gradually replace the present organization based on demands of economic productivity. In other words, with the appropriate change of attitudes and values all work may become artistic work. And with the appropriate change of attitudes and values the recognition of economic success may be subordinated to the recognition of human values.
INDEX
- Abbott, Edith, [102], [211].
- Abnormality, problem of, [255].
- Addams, Jane, [31].
- Additon, Henrietta, [212].
- Alcoholism, problem of, [255].
- Anger, emotion of, [2].
- Attitudes, mental, [233].
- Bedford Hills Reformatory, [172].
- Behavior, a science of, [228].
- Bentley, Mary Ide, [86].
- Bohemian, [12].
- Breckenridge, S. P., [102], [211].
- Cabot, Hugh, [92].
- Cadet, the, [141].
- Character, definition of, [241].
- Charity girl, [119].
- Chicago Vice Commission, [229].
- Church, Irish Catholic, [159];
- Polish Catholic, [159].
- Code, the social, [50].
- Common sense vs. scientific procedure, [225].
- Community, [43].
- Crime, problem of, [255].
- Crime and punishment, [223].
- Criminology, procedure of, [222].
- Culbert, Jane F., [216].
- Cultures, problem of, [255].
- Davis, Katherine B., [116], [117], [118].
- Daydreaming, [35].
- Deardorff, Neva R., [212].
- Delinquency, beginning of, [109].
- Delinquent, proportion of foreign born, [152].
- Demi-virgin, [231].
- Demoralization of girls, [98], [150].
- Dostoievsky, F., [10].
- Economic Determination, [118].
- Economic interests, overdetermination of, [256].
- Economic problem, [256].
- Eliot, Thomas D., [211].
- Ellis, Havelock, [100].
- El Retiro, [200].
- Emotions, [2].
- Engelgardt, A. N., [45].
- Epithets, [49].
- Experience, desire for new, [4].
- Exploitation of girl by parents, [108].
- Family, [43].
- Fear, emotion of, [2].
- Feeble-mindedness, [251].
- Flapper, [231].
- Flynn, Wm. J., [240].
- Flynt, Josiah, [7].
- Folkways, [44].
- Gang, Influence on Girl, [142].
- Girls’ Protective Bureau, [160].
- Gossip, [49].
- Group and individual, [70].
- Hapgood, Hutchins, [21], [24].
- Healy, William, [35].
- Home, the demoralized, [209].
- Hunting psychosis, [9].
- Idealization of Girls, [125].
- Individual and group, [70].
- Individual and society, struggle between, [233].
- Individualization, [70], [97], [255].
- Influence, sources of, [249].
- Immigrant, [39].
- Instincts, [2].
- Institutions and the family, [151].
- Interest, hunting pattern of, [9].
- Italians and white slavery, [145].
- James, William, [22].
- Jennings, H. S., [3], [217].
- Jews and white slavery, [145].
- Joy, emotion of, [3].
- Juvenile Courts, establishment of, [194].
- Kammerer, P. G., [132], [141].
- Kneeland, George J., [144].
- Krauss, F. S., [49].
- Labor, Restoration of Stimulation to, [256].
- Lashley, K. S., [80].
- Legal system, [80].
- Leibnitz, [219].
- Love, emotion of, [2].
- Lying, pathological, [35].
- McAdoo, William, [11].
- Marriage of illegal mothers, [141].
- Mental attitudes, [233].
- Meyer, A., [3].
- Mir, [45].
- Morris, Wm., [257].
- Motherhood, illegal, [140].
- Motion picture, [79], [83].
- Nationalities, Problem of, [255].
- Newspaper, [83].
- Niceforo, A., [99].
- Nightingale, Florence, [31].
- Normal and abnormal, studies of, [231].
- Occupations, Devoid of Stimulation, [256].
- Ostwald, on great men, [219].
- Pasteur, L., [10], [31], [32].
- Penitentiary, [171].
- Philistine, [12].
- Pimp, the, [141].
- Poverty and demoralization, [98].
- Pratt, Anna B., [218].
- Prostitute, schooling of, [116];
- Prostitution, causes of, [117], [125];
- problem of, [255].
- Psychoanalysis as method, [253].
- Punishment and crime, [223].
- Rage, Emotion of, [2].
- Recognition, desire for, [31].
- Reflex, conditioned, [49].
- Reform of child in spite of institution, [223].
- Reformatory, [171].
- Response, desire for, [17].
- Reuter, E. B., [130].
- Reynolds, James Bronson, [223].
- Richards, Caroline C., [68].
- Saleilles, R., [7].
- Schematization of life, [225].
- School, as substitute for juvenile court, [211].
- School and community, [214].
- School, measure of influence, [217];
- as injurious to personality, [219].
- Science, method of, [225];
- as an end in itself, [227].
- Security, desire for, [12].
- Seduction of girls, [125].
- Servant girls, [118].
- Sexes, problem of the, [255].
- Sexual desire as cause of demoralization, [109], [126].
- Shop-girl, [119].
- Situation, definition of, [42].
- Smith, Edith L., [92], [125], [134], [136], [140].
- Social agencies, [151].
- Social change, rate of, [70], [78].
- Social evolution, rate of, [230].
- Social influence, measurement of, [222].
- Social science, backwardness of, [229].
- Social unrest, [72].
- Social values, [232], [233].
- Souteneur, the, [141].
- Spiridonova, Maria, [31].
- Statistics, as method, [244].
- Sublimation of the wish, [243].
- Success, two types of, [219].
- Taft, Jessie, [34], [36], [200], [209], [221].
- Temperament, [241].
- Thomas, W. I., [3].
- Thompson, Sir Wm., [219].
- Thorndike, E. L., [17], [26].
- Todd, Helen M., [218].
- Train, A., [81].
- True, Ruth, [13].
- Unrest in Immigrants, [72].
- Vagabondage, [6], [255].
- Values, social, [232].
- Van Waters, Miriam, [84], [195], [224].
- Veblen, Thorstein, [31].
- Venereal infections, [79].
- Vice Commission of Chicago, [229].
- Visiting teacher, [214].
- Watson, J. B., [3], [9], [17], [80], [248].
- Watson, Rosalie R., [248].
- Webb, Sidney and Beatrice, [99].
- White slavers, methods of, [145].
- White slavery, [141], [150].
- Wishes, [1];
- Women, types of, [230].
- Wulffen, E., [236], [241].
- Yerkes, Charles M., [252].
- Zlatovratsky, N. N., [46].
[1]. John B. Watson: “Practical and Theoretic Problems in Instinct and Habits”, in “Suggestions of Modern Science Concerning Education”, by H. S. Jennings, J. B. Watson, Adolf Meyer, W. I. Thomas, p. 63.
[2]. Records of the Juvenile Court of Cook County (Illinois).
[3]. Josiah Flynt: “How Men Become Tramps”, Century Magazine, Vol. 50, p. 944 (October, 1895).
[4]. R. Saleilles: “The Individualization of Punishment”, p. 283.
[5]. Letter from “Railroad Jack” (Manuscript).