Histology of medicinal plants - William James Mansfield

In the bi-collateral vascular bundle (Plate 127) the xylem is in between two groups of phloem—namely, an inner group and an outer group.

In pumpkin stem a bundle occurs in each angle of the stem. The entire bundle is surrounded by parenchyma cells.

In an individual bundle the xylem consists of large circular vessels and a phloem containing large sieve cells, many of which show the yellow porous sieve plates.

OPEN COLLATERAL VASCULAR BUNDLES

In the open collateral bundle (Plate 100) the xylem and phloem are separated by the cambium layer, which, through its divisions, causes the stem to increase in thickness each year. This type of bundle is characteristic of the stems and roots of dicotyledonous plants.

The bi-collateral bundle occurs in many leaves. The xylem in such cases is central, the phloem strands occupying upper and lower peripheral positions.

INDEX

Abbé condenser, illustration, [11]
Absorption tissue, introduction, [121]
tissue of leaves, [125]
Aerating tissue, introduction, [151]
Annular vessels, illustration of, [129]
Bark, of white pine powdered, description of, [250]
of white pine powdered, illustration of, [251]
unrossed white pine, cross-section, illustration of, [249]
Barks, description of, [248]
diagnostic structures of, [253]
structural variations of, [252]
Base sledge microtome, [35]
sledge microtome, illustration, [35]
Bast fibres, [89]
branched, [92]
branched, illustrations, [95]
crystal bearing, [90], [92]
description of, [100]
groups of, illustrations, [102]
non-porous and non-striated, [96]
non-porous and non-striated, illustrations, [101]
non-porous and striated, [96]
occurrence in powdered drugs, [103]
of barks, illustrations, [91], [93], [94]
of klip buchu leaf, [262]
of ruellia rhizome, [226]
of ruellia root, [223]
of ruellia stem, [235]
of spigelia stem, [235]
porous and non-striated, illustrations, [98]
porous and striated, [92]
porous and striated, illustrations, [97]
storage function of, [179]
striated and non-porous, illustrations of, [99]
Bi-collateral vascular bundles, description of, [298]
Buchu stems, cross-section, illustration of, [243]
cross-section, illustration of, [244]
powdered, description of, [245]
powdered, illustration of, [246]
Cambium of pink root, [221]
of ruellia rhizome, [226]
of ruellia stem, [237]
of spigelia rhizome, [223]
of spigelia stem, [235]
Camera lucida, [22]
illustrations, [22]
Care of microscope, [28]
Celery fruit, diagrammatic drawing of, [287]
Cell contents, [182]
aleurone grains, [197]
aleurone grains, description of, [198]
aleurone grains, form of, [197]
aleurone grains, structure of, [197]
aleurone grains, tests for, [198]
chlorophyll, [182]
crystals, [200]
crystals, composition of, [200]
crystals, micro-, [200]
crystals, raphides, [200]
crystals, rosette, [200]
crystals, solitary, variation of, [205]
cystoliths, [210]
cystoliths, forms of, [210]
cystoliths, occurrence of, [215]
cystoliths, tests for, [215]
hesperidin, [196]
hesperidin, test for, [196]
inulin, [194]
inulin, tests for, [194]
leucoplastids, [183]
mucilage, [194]
mucilage associated with raphides, tests for, [194]
mucilage, tests for, [194]
organic, [182]
starch grains, formation of, [183]
starch grains, hilum nature of, [188]
starch grains, hilum of, [185]
starch grains, mounting of, [188]
starch grains, occurrence of, [184]
starch grains, outline of, [185]
starch grains, size of, [185]
starch grains, tests for, [188]
tannin, [196]
tannin, occurrence of, [196]
tannin, test for, [197]
volatile oil, test for, [196]
volatile oils, [196]
Cell division common to onion root, [56]
Cell plate, [55]
Cell sap, [53]
Cell, typical, [53]
Cell wall, [53]
Chromatin, [54]
Chromatin granules, [55]
Chromatophores, [53]
Chromosomes, [55]
Closed collateral bundles of mandrake stem, cross-section illustration of, [296]
Collateral vascular bundles, [295]
Collenchyma cells, composition of walls, [109]
illustrations, [108]
occurring in catnip and motherwort, illustrations, [107]
of ruellia stem, [235]
structure of, [106]
Compound microscope, illustration, [10]
microscope, mechanical parts of, [7], [8]
microscope of Robert Hooke, illustration, [8]
microscope, optical parts of, [9], [11], [12]
microscopes, introduction, [7]
Concentric vascular bundles, [295]
Conducting tissue, introduction, [126]
Cork cells, origin of, [88]
Cortical parenchyma, conduction by, [147]
of ruellia stem, [235]
Cortex, of pink root, [219]
of ruellia rhizome, [226]
of ruellia root, [221]
of ruellia stem, [235]
of spigelia rhizome, [223]
of spigelia stem, [233]
Cover glasses, [43]
illustrations, [44]
Crystal cavities, [176]
cells, storage function of, [179]
Cutting sections, [31]
Cystoliths, illustrations of, [214]
Cytoplasm, [53]
Daisies, white, powdered, description of, [282]
illustration of, [283]
Dissecting microscope, illustration, [5]
needles, [46]
needles, illustration, [46]
Drawing apparatus, illustration, [23]
Ectoplast, [53]
Embryo, diagnostic structures of, [291]
Endocarp of celery fruit, [288]
Endodermal cells, illustrations of longitudinal sections, [119]
illustrations of cross-sections, [117]
introduction, [116]
structure of, [116], [118]
Endodermis, of klip buchu leaf, [262]
of pink root, [219]
of ruellia root, [223]
Endosperm of celery fruit, [288]
of seeds, [291]
Epicarp of celery fruit, [285]
Epidermal cells of leaves, storage function of, [179]
Epidermis, surface deposits of, [62]
of herbaceous stems, illustrations of, [152]
of klip buchu leaf, [260]
of leaves, illustrations of, [155]
of mountain laurel, [264]
of pink root, [219]
of ruellia rhizome, [226]
of ruellia root, [221]
of ruellia stem, [235]
of seeds, [289]
of spigelia rhizome, [223]
of spigelia stem, [233]
of testa, [63]
Epidermis of trailing arbutus, [264]
Equatorial plane, [55]
plate, [55]
Fibro-vascular bundles, composition of, [292]
of klip buchu leaf, [262]
types of, [292]
Flowers, diagnostic structures of, [284]
parts of, [270]
Folding magnifier, [4]
illustration, [4]
Fruits, cellular structure of, [285]
diagnostic characteristics of, [288]
diagnostic structures of, [288]
Glandular hairs of peppermint, [178]
illustrations of, [165]
multicellular, [164]
multicellular, multiseriate stalked, [166]
multicellular, multiseriate stalked, description of, [166]
multicellular, multiseriate stalked, occurrence, [166]
multicellular sessile, [164]
multicellular stalked, [164]
multicellular, uniseriate stalked, [164]
stalked, illustrations of, [167]
storage function of, [178]
unicellular, [164]
unicellular, multiseriate stalked, [164]
unicellular sessile, [164]
unicellular stalked, [164]
unicellular, uniseriate stalked, [164]
Glandular tissue, introduction, [164]
Glass slides, [44]
illustrations, [44]
Greenough binocular microscope, [15]
illustration, [15]
Guard cells, [151]
Hairs, multicellular, multicellular non-branched, illustration, [75]
multicellular, multiseriate branched, of Shepherdia, [78]
multicellular, multiseriate branched, [77], [82]
multicellular, multiseriate branched, illustrations, [79], [81]
multicellular, multiseriate non-branched, [74]
multicellular, uniseriate branched, illustration, [76]
multicellular, uniseriate non-branched, [72]
multicellular, uniseriate non-branched, illustrations of, [73]
Hand cylinder microtome, illustration, [34]
microtome, [31]
microtome, illustration, [31]
table microtome, [34]
table microtome, illustration, [34]
Horehound, powdered, description of, [237]
powdered, illustration of, [238]
spurious, powdered, description of, [237]
spurious, powdered, illustration of, [239]
Hypoderm of seeds, [289]
Hypodermal cells, of leaves, storage function of, [179]
illustrations, [120]
structure of, [118]
Hypoderms, of klip buchu leaf, [260]
of ruellia root, [221]
Illumination for microscope, [26]
Indirect cell division, [54], [55]
Inner bark of white pine, [248]
epidermis of seeds, [291]
Insect flower leaves, powdered, illustrations of, [268]
stems, description of, [241]
stems, powdered, illustration of, [240]
Insect flowers, closed, powdered, illustration of, [279]
open, description of, [280]
open, powdered, illustration of, [281]
powdered, description of, [278]
Intercellular spaces, [158]
illustrations of, [160], [161]
Internal phloem, of spigelia stem, [235]
Inulin, illustrations of, [195]
Karyokinesis, [54], [55]
Klip buchu, cross-section, illustration of, [261]
powdered, description of, [262]
powdered, illustration of, [263]
Labeling, [47]
Latex cavities, [176]
tube cavities, [176]
tubes, [142], [144]
tubes, illustration of, [145]
vessels, illustrations of, [146]
Leaf epidermis, [59]
illustrations, [60], [61]
Leaf parenchyma, conduction by, [150]
Leaves, diagnostic structures of, [267]
stomata, [260]
Lenticel, illustration of cross-section, [159]
Lenticels, ærating function of, [157]
structure of, [158]
Linin, [54]
Long paraffin process, [29]
Machine microtomes, [32]
Measuring cylinder, [40]
illustration, [40]
Mechanical stage, [21]
stage, illustration, [22]
tissue, [89]
Medullary ray, [139]
bundle, [139]
bundle in tangential-section of quassia wood, [258]
cell, [141]
cell, arrangement of, in the ray, [142]
cell, structure of, [142]
cells, in cross-section of quassia wood, [254]
cells, in radial-section of quassia wood, [258]
cells, in tangential-section of quassia wood, [258]
cells, of ruellia stem, [237]
Medullary rays, illustration of cross-sections of, [143]
illustration of longitudinal section, [140]
in cross-section of quassia wood, [254]
in radial-section of quassia wood, [254]
of pink root, [221]
of ruellia rhizome, [227]
of ruellia root, [223]
of spigelia rhizome, [226]
of white pine bark, [250]
Mesocarp of celery fruit, [285]
Method of mounting specimens, [41]
Micro-crystals, illustrations of, [201]
lamp, [27]
Micrometer eye-pieces, [21]
illustrations, [20], [21]
Microphotographic apparatus, [24]
illustration, [24]
Microscope, how to use, [25]
Microscopic measurements, [19]
Microtome, care of, [36]
Middle bark of white pine, [248]
lamella, [55]
layers of seeds, [291]
Minor rotary microtome, [36]
illustration, [36]
Mountain laurel, cross-section, illustration of, [265]
Mucilage cavities, [172], [176]
Multicellular hair, [72]
Nuclear membrane, [55]
spindle, [55]
Nucleoli, [55]
Nucleus, [53]
Objectives, illustrations, [11]
Ocular micrometer, [19]
illustration, [19]
Oil cavities, occurrence, [178]
of leaves, [178]
of seeds, [178]
unicellular, [172]
Open collateral vascular bundles, description of, [298]
Origin of multicellular plants, [57]
Outer bark of white pine, [248]
Palisade parenchyma, conduction by, [150]
Papillæ, [67]
illustrations of, [275]
of stigmas, illustrations of, [276], [277]
stigma, description of, [274]
Paraffin, blocks, [31]
embedding oven, illustration, [30]
Parenchyma, aquatic plant, [150]
cells of white pine, [248]
conduction by, [144]
cortical, illustrations of, [148]
of mountain laurel, [264]
of trailing arbutus, [264]
pith, illustrations of, [149]
Pericycle of pink root, [221]
of ruellia root, [223]
Periderm, [80]
cork, [80]
illustrations of, [86]
of cascara sagrada, illustrations, [84]
of white oak bark, illustration of, [87]
parenchyma and stone cells, [85]
stone cells, [85]
Permanent mounts, [41]
Pharmacognostic microscope, illustration, [12]
Phloem, centric bundle of calamus, cross-section, illustration of, [294]
of ruellia rhizome, [226]
of ruellia stem, [235]
of spigelia rhizome, [223]
of spigelia stem, [233]
Phloem parenchyma, conduction by, [150]
of pink root, [221]
of ruellia rhizome, [226]
of ruellia root, [223]
of ruellia stem, [235]
of spigelia rhizome, [223]
of spigelia stem, [235]
Photosynthetic tissue, [163]
Pink root, description of, [227]
Pith parenchyma, conduction by, [147]
of pink root, [221]
of ruellia rhizome, [227]
of ruellia root, [223]
of ruellia stem, [237]
of spigelia rhizome, [226]
of spigelia stem, [235]
Pitted vessels, with bordered pores, illustration of, [135]
illustrations of, [134]
Plant hairs, forms of, [67]
introduction, [66]
Polar caps, [55]
Polarization microscope, [16]
illustration, [16]
Pollen grains, [270]
non-spiny-walled, description of, [273]
smooth-walled, illustrations of, [271]
spiny-walled, description of, [273]
spiny-walled, illustrations of, [272]
Preparation of specimens for cutting, [28]
Protoplast, [53]
Quassia wood, cross-section, illustration of, [255]
radial-section, illustration of, [257]
Radial vascular bundles, [292]
skunk cabbage root, cross-section, illustration of, [293]
Raphides, illustrations of, [203]
Reading glass, [4]
illustration, [4]
Reagent set, illustration, [39]
Reagents, list of, [38]
Research microscope, [13]
illustration, [14]
Reserve cellulose, illustrations of, [180-181]
Reticulate vessels, illustrations of, [133]
Root hairs, [121], [122], [125]
illustration of, [123]
illustration of fragments, [124]
Roots and rhizomes, [219]
diagnostic structures of, [227]
Rosette and solitary crystals, illustrations of, [213]
crystals, illustrations of, [204]
crystals, inclosed, illustrations of, [206]
Ruellia ciliosa, Pursh., powdered, illustration of, [229]
ciliosa, Pursh., rhizome, cross-section, illustration of, [225]
ciliosa, Pursh., stem, cross-section, illustration of, [236]
root, description of, [227]
root, illustration of, [222]
Scalpels, [46]
illustration, [47]
Scissors, [46]
illustration, [46]
Sclariform vessels, illustrations of, [132]
Seeds, parts of, [289]
Secretion cavities, of celery fruit, [288]
description of, [176]
illustrations of, [169-171]
introduction, [166]
lysigenous, [168]
schizogenous, [168]
schizo-lysigenous, [168]
unicellular, [168]
Secretion cells, of klip buchu leaf, [262]
of white pine, [248]
Short paraffin process, [29]
Sieve cells, of klip buchu leaf, [262]
of pink root, [221]
of ruellia rhizome, [226]
of ruellia root, [223]
of ruellia stem, [235]
of spigelia stem, [235]
Sieve plate, [138]
illustration of, [137]
Sieve tube, illustration of, [137]
tubes, introduction, [136]
tubes, structure, [136]
Simple microscope, introduction, [3]
Slide box, [48]
box, illustration, [48]
cabinet, [49]
cabinet, illustration of, [49]
forceps, [45]
forceps, illustrations, [45]
tray, [48]
tray, illustration, [48]
Solitary crystals, illustrations of, [207-209], [211], [212]
unicellular hairs, [69]
Special research microscope, [14]
illustration, [14]
Specimens, preservation of, [48]
Spermoderm, of celery fruit, [288]
of seeds, [289]
Spigelia marylandica, powdered, illustration of, [228]
rhizome, cross-section, illustration of, [224]
root, cross-section, illustration of, [220]
stem, cross-section, illustration of, [234]
Spindle fibres, [55]
Spiral vessels, illustrations of, [129], [130]
Spongy parenchyma of klip buchu, [260]
Stage micrometer, [19]
illustration, [19]
Staining dish, [40]
illustration, [40]
Standardization of ocular micrometer, [19]
Starch grains, illustrations of, [186], [187], [189-193]
Steinheil lens, [5]
illustration, [5]
Stems, diagnostic structures of, [233]
dicotyledonous, [233]
herbaceous, [233]
monocotyledonous, [233]
Stomata, ærating function of, [151]
illustrations of cross-section, [156]
relation to surrounding cells, [154]
types of, [153]
Stone cells, of ruellia root, [223]
branched, [109]
branched, illustrations of, [110]
description, in, [112]
introduction, [109]
occurrence, illustrations, [115]
porous and non-striated, [111]
porous and non-striated, illustrations of, [114]
porous and striated, [109]
porous and striated, illustrations of, [113]
storage function of, [178]
Storage cavities, [176]
cavities, illustrations of, [177]
cells, [173]
cells, cortical parenchyma, [173]
cells, illustrations of, [174]
cells, pith parenchyma, [173]
cells, wood parenchyma, [173]
tissue, [173]
walls, description of, [179]
Stored mucilage and resin, illustrations of, [175]
Surrounding cells, arrangement of, [154]
Synthetic tissue, introduction, [163]
Temporary mounts, [41]
Testa cells, [65]
epidermal cells, illustrations, [64]
Tracheids of pink root, [221]
Trailing arbutus leaf, cross-section, illustration of, [266]
Tripod magnifier, [4]
illustration, [4]
Turntable, [46]
illustration, [47]
Under epidermis of klip buchu leaf, [262]
epidermis of mountain laurel, [264]
of trailing arbutus, [264]
hypodermis of klip buchu leaf, [262]
palisade parenchyma of klip buchu leaf, [262]
Unicellular clustered hairs, [72]
clustered hairs, illustrations, [71]
non-glandular hairs, [69]
solitary branched hairs, [72]
solitary hairs, illustrations, [70]
Upper palisade parenchyma of klip buchu leaf, [260]
palisade parenchyma of mountain laurel, [264]
Vacuoles, [53]
Vascular bundles, arrangement of, [292]
occurrence of, [292]
Vessels, annular, [127]
and tracheids, introduction, [126]
in cross-section of quassia wood, [254]
in radial-section of quassia wood, [254]
in tangential-section of quassia wood, [258]
of ruellia rhizome, [226]
of ruellia root, [223]
of ruellia stem, [237]
of spigelia rhizome, [226]
pitted, [131]
pitted with bordered pores, [131]
reticulate, [131]
sclariform, [128]
spiral, [127]
Water pores, aerating function of, [151]
Watchmaker’s loupe, [4]
illustration, [4]
Wood fibres, color of, [104]
illustrations, [105]
in cross-section of quassia wood, [254]
in radial-section of quassia wood, [258]
in tangential-section of quassia wood, [258]
introduction, [104]
structure of, [104]
Wood parenchyma, conduction by, [150]
in cross-section of quassia wood, [254]
in radial-section of quassia wood, [258]
of pink root, [221]
of ruellia rhizome, [227]
of ruellia root, [223]
of ruellia stem, [237]
of spigelia rhizome, [226]
of spigelia stem, [235]
Woods, description of, [254]
diagnostic structures of, [258]
Woody stems, buchu stem, description of, [242]
mature buchu stem, [242]
Xylem, of pink root, [221]
of ruellia rhizome, [226]
of ruellia root, [223]
of ruellia stem, [237]
of spigelia rhizome, [226]
of spigelia stem, [235]

Transcriber’s Notes

The Table of Illustrations at the beginning of the book was created by the transcriber.