“Why, Romeo, art thou mad?”—Shakespeare.
“My lords, we are called upon, as members of this house, as men, as Christians, to protest against such horrible barbarity!”—Pitt.
REMARK.
When strong emotion is expressed, an exclamation point should be used; as, “O Hamlet! thou hast cleft my heart in twain.”—Shakespeare.
Rule IX. Participial Clauses.—Participial clauses, having no grammatical connection with the rest of the sentence, should be separated from what follows, and, if they do not commence a sentence, from what precedes, by commas.
EXAMPLES.
“Success being now hopeless, preparations were made for a retreat.”—Alison.
“Such being their general idea of the gods, we can now easily understand the habitual tone of their feelings towards what was beautiful in nature.”—Ruskin.
REMARK.
Being or having been is usually the sign of a participial clause.