[563] The terms larva and pupa, applied to the insects of this subdivision, are perhaps not strictly proper.

[564] The larvæ and pupæ of many of the homopterous section of Hemiptera differ often from the imago, not only in their fore-legs (Plate [XVI.] Fig. 4.), but also in other respects. I have the larva of a Centrotus from Canada, given me by Dr. Bigsby, which has a long anal process or tail.

[565] See above, p. [125]—.

[566] iii. 135.

[567] The pupæ of Cassida, Imatidium, &c. seem to vary somewhat from this type, the upper part being neither membranous nor exhibiting distinctly the form of the inclosed imago.

[568] The following arrangement of pupæ is perhaps in some respects better than that above given. But it is scarcely possible to propose one free from objections.

  1. Capable of eating and walking.
    1. Like the perfect insect, except in proportion and number of parts.
      1. Except in proportion (Lice, Poduræ, Mites, Spiders, Scorpions, &c).
      2. Except in proportion and number (Centipedes, Millepedes).
    2. With rudiments of the organs of flight.
      1. With oral organs resembling those of the perfect insect (Hemiptera).
      2. With oral organs differing from those of the perfect insect (Libellula L., Ephemera L.).
  2. Incapable of eating and walking.
    1. Incomplete pupæ.
    2. Obtected.
    3. Coarctate.

Lamarck divides the pupæ of insects that undergo a metamorphosis into three kinds, which he names—Chrysalis, Mumia, and Nympha.

i. Chrysalis. Under this denomination he includes all inactive pupæ inclosed in an opaque puparium which entirely conceals them. These he further subdivides into two kinds.

1. Chrysalis signata. This term is synonymous with the Pupa obtecta of Linné, or the Chrysalis of Lepidoptera and some Diptera.